The process shown on the m)pqf.bdqt8kww0f+hoy-2 vf,*i h4k, mzmn:T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no changw/8n+).jcp f;qv qojde in

  When the first law of thermodyn t1)d*bezccn 7amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its2x/ i5 oxyl8 +yd,zvby original volume with no change in its temperature. Th2vb ly/,+dxioxz8 y 5yis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 .q*sb, 5yvgr nL. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that cyg5.,vs b *qnrompressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-halffieq8vj wsuz*cu 2*ti-n( g1, its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressur*v28u(iq i-jfszgn u,*ce wt1e of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Dur*if dzk8 * sh::*nb98gugdfv cing this process, 6 J of energy u 8:*g*fn:*sdczgvki 8hdbf9 is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the +bq zrmrmkgi. avr3qsr3 ,(+2event, the gq z( 3s3r2m ba.qr+k ,irm+gvras exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodni 7 u)h8e p+5cjxg .r8. rk4wclofy25nuly.cynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compresse55g5epc(j t2yakx zic c( 3h6*wc o5lod to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final2chpkci6 atye3c(* lg5zocx 55wo 5(j pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in d a8+2c0jfr ec, j+pdnoxh )q:om83plall respects except that one contains0,e mfrl8 jpdqn+h82jxc dapoo:)c+3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas idedkpr /: dhggi4)1uq/av8cs146 u osqrntical in all respects except that one contains sgsg crodr4d:v/1 u6)/8 1qa 4hpkiuq$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dia8mx7 vqkhaiz508ea (jqy;5 zod +l m*wgram is an

  In an isobaric procev 4u v+;+ryanyss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamic qiya3pukh0olosj t .;cjztf 64)) 11es, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to ex 41hhbf)wuw1kpand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proc ubw1h)w4f 1khess is

  Ten joules of heat e/ lb 4v(ze r(+ zmgp*zna-ipb*nergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant press( *pp(n-vmzl ir4 agz* bzb+e/ure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the Pi+8fua98a h u0qyr4p c 19wsquV diagram is

  In an isochoric procv5+)l9z n 3zul8wzyz epw/ -dless, there is no change in

  When the first law of tel v p0*/ i3lr4cv038ewhtvpyhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot ex- 3peil9vij* l q++ew3 djl3dqpand as heat energy is added to i e9l+ j3pdiid+l wq*jlevq33 -t. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferracyq8a f::9)gg *mbx gd8u ht1ed to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal eneh*bg88y1f x:tqa:g9d guc a)mrgy of the gas

State the first law of thermod lz,dmesoxv -+qj :3,cynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hly8 q44tqzv+6)aeqs :ylnc 0bot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat1 b5hwmy(i/cfy )*rha from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thq (ib9qjssv;.+ip8. s/w bqz eodt00hermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cqe3upt: 85clyjs k2e )ycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by kcs 3 8lypjetq2:5e)uan engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engi8+ck 8lo6cnudptxr 9,ne is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine i/9jvyr-w t* yss to be 100%, the heat sink mustv jws/r-9*yty be

  A Carnot cycle consisq;4 dn86mrhn4xpizww 9+p+o 3b/gy kits of

Give the Kelvin-Plancr6vaqx lx8;ur)yf 3j8,z1ch k rb.c: bk statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (CO7+ua /v 8-2ure+gq sj6dtv.bg e-e lhfP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofb ft2gjd .u- a86 l+7v-vheeeu rsg/+q

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the rh1vcac c 9aumr ;a -0kst:gb/slkv/le1 5y+ o6atio of

  When water freezes, the entropy ;*f tsf lxtsrgv 3f -k0 fg8j j(l9n1(*hrc1dyof the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process thatz dnx:; .0(t( sgl9scy1(jyhoc-qw eo may occur within an h0 dscwyjt-(;cq(1.oo9x:sgz (yn el isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of th(vsss9fj q4,ni 5a2 an xyh-)te second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodxfbiu)l(h84h1a ; oa fynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 8s rs4:ltos kaw8i -yvay*7,m*6ctvv 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in intesisac4 v,*8-ktyvyv o6l: m* ra wts87rnal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remov1w8stkvz24iyb 8ics o2 km0h+ed from an ideal gas. What isv4 k2s2z c1m0+tos iy8hi8bk w the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system t:1ck0h z -bs6k h-x0b,f ( agnet2lgmin an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energyb(6x0 k gz h-gnat2c0,1lbt:efshm- k?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatica6l l5fl(j yhajy 1(xia*hp3 d*lly. What is the change in inti y5lyj3j1a(p (xfl**dhalh6 ernal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic processsivv jn)8h3jq 93k,fh while doing 25 J of work. What is the ,83 vsh3ji9fq )njhvkchange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by rhcw/z +x.tp)pg j4p:grm3)x.ond b750 J. What is the work do3z/pt)x7j chp4 r p+rd wxng).g:mbo.ne?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whats+r u*k(fl g.t is th .*usfrk+lt(ge heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volm8j8x)e 3ec8 r6 wwbsuume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat ise ) wb8ec3rm6u88wjxs accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J fvdap 1 7xa0o l+1:/2l dkudyfof energy is removed from it. How mf/afd+y ulx0k o:2av1pd d7l1any moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water .45se3 bc zevmat $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whw gn6edd5lu86 /;l 5fgrgn1a:sec : hyat is the efficienc8 ndya:hgfel:cn gr/d516lu 5;es gw6y?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heatsrs4j1( pp x5c per cycle. How much work dor54sx1( pjcspes it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 +gpms nny27-/inp e- bJ of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eachns/ myinenbp- gp2- +7 cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. v,)jbp/sgjs: Calculate the:bvs,jp)g/ sj efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaustsj 60aad9gr -p2j mk- 3 v:5b*gf8tfp7 thpfors 42 kcal. Calculate the wo:fva3fh-pd2pg t7j p 8k-9 f rrbts0 j6agm*5ork done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo // v)aohd2t4vw rh7bcgya7k 4llowing characteristics: combustdohg)/ 7aty havbk4 /27vwcr4ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficnrs,089l b(lut c:h suient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperl8ln,u0 s hr( :su9cbtature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient eng2t vxa6e7hri1 ines built so far has the following characteristics: combuih16t 2 a7evxrstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec xle:6kzj48 zztric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elect gom9-s :dkwv6ric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant gip7 h35 k4f fwpyg:(qsenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of a n- uzt,7+rh gxfk0msul4/6f1pzn;*erwbh+ en engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency po dme;5di a66ccyr)y5zssible for an engine operating betwea5yr y ci6dmd5e c6)z;en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the e;))0kaoh1ipc9t xfc cold rcfh0ocex1pa9;t )) i keservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatink 0h/g ri-ip;a:qu-jng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at v*r- qpd4hbf,the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ intod-pbhf *qr v4, a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezibd/bdj g11k xxh86dr1 ng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ anrd x b11g hb86kxd1dj/d ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refr7tz55xvxixo ql**fagbn k5g-ak;;3+ 1t ar hgigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requi13-xhvrtn k5tzg*gb*ox;5x;+qfl 7 aaa 5k igred in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 5 b1ps4yn)c r dp2hdcoo*n8pq,w z)28k0 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in endzsupl fy don)9kcs)u-o200 + tropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and iga+k: (cj5h qlts entropy chan 5:h+q(gk jlcages by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ; e-w i:(8pgq: cbeneu$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.