The process shown on the T-V v,f; w+m 7zrhr-+v hjggraph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no6mnq*h( ofshy-:i c0e change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicj vpbmc o5t +kzs1p8j3g7 nj 86-wnx2es, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its or1adsu qom3-v8iginal volume with no change in its temperature. Tha8vs3ud1 mo-qis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this procesn;v ums-xg :.js, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechxv;. m -snjg:uanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothsjuo 34+k vhl85v i9yhermal process. The final phyo 8 3vvk9 isl+5j4huressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thimy9hshff 2o4 6xcx(h1wfi.d:s process, 6 J of energy is expended by the ex:xox1fd(hc hi6m9h 4f.s f2wy ternal mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event7w, ijbpv/ ++ dz/ -7ctyofmaq, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thi7mbj a/ oq-,ct z7yf/v+w+dpis process is

  When the first law of thermodyn ispy5lfd(ikg2a 7x 9-amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is koy1 pkz 5z-gfm i)ijh*x+v7rs c*m,7compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic p*7x-s v*ifokgmypz7,j+ik 1 hr 5m) czrocess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rem2tk.8os qf 2ag wl2 juw8s4+5lk hw0wspects except that one containsh0okqwtwfallk4mw2 +8wj u.s82s2 5 g $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders 8l t9my+o8*oq.oyvq w of gas identical in all respects except that one contains 8mq +9ovoy qw.ylt8o*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram irt- dy nt2qt -m3doahm 3 c3ers)0(o2ns an

  In an isobaric process, there is noy,lmw0hy j5 65cccg ws39own1 change in

  When the first law ofx 8u 4l69ukajpj3 7mtrt7fh/s thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand a)xd 0c-vxl6 iq bqi.x:t constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proc q6bx)i:dclv0q.x i-x ess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at zeljk6/ :t+c;i xjfh-zob 6 l*constant pressure. As a result, the inte6;tc*l : j zkhz +of6l-/jixebrnal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV dia kwv3xm6go s 82,gy;aixm5n7kgram is

  In an isochoric process, thep1del xwnexmcm 07z9) ,x(fn6.k-xq r re is no change in

  When the first law of 2to8j0 gywim.thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heapsx1alrstc i8wa ),e6,xl.x(t energy is added to it. Tx aw.1s,a, pli)6r tclxs8e x(his process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consj5402i5ghe7e9pknk rvca ss 9tant volume. Akenv7 c es9 5r9g5hpi2sakj0 4s a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamicbo7.h,et apc ne8b:.sf sm(0 us.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hsmh1noh3t ;v2o(mo/j ot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold r tn1bhvzl4c1nvin :s,7q0 p5reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamv9j qq-unnv0tc(ooqg-r: 3x 6ics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During onhqag,l-6gkcq. u zn3g-jtoa wy/;j::e cycle, how much work is done by an engine opgq. wlah-,kuty::3acj -qgn6 jg ;/ zoerating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as rb-rx u8:*t7z:plxtgthe ratio of

  If the theoretical eftezpj,8 wyy(jciizcs(0h3/7 ficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musth ,cs yy8ii tp03zcjejwz(/7( be

  A Carnot cycle consists *(fv,mtwf 4 ngcm w2s,of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statemen)b +/fedml 2(tayea wn24+tr cl11ais;3 chijt of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defi wh)g81co l)u,oik o*xned as the ratio of )iwogo,8x kh1cuo* l)

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a hel34u fn,v,f bjat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entrop24rgry c;be9g0jf-m ct5bzxvk i/g 55 y of the water

  According to the second law of thermody woub7,nyk8mg3ln8 e8 namics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one bu37l8w ,e mnyg8k8noof the choices applies?

Give a general statement of thkeq. .nzoze-( e second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamick 4)mbkrdz2slk ;j6 w6s leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gad9eqn3h0 +iy5t *r bsds. What is the change qrb5s+h nye0 d*i93dtin internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5fj3exswm6;n20hy gt+ .0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work hm2 6n jg;+0esftw3 xydone in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process 5nfz-whd7f 0 tis -400 J. What is the change in internalf-f5w 7 t0hnzd energy?

  200 J of work is donedilou89/q 1 k;lxid7v in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal en8 k x1uod9qdv;il/li 7ergy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proce9/(p cq uj7wtps2d ky (w*k0j0dr.xvlss while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal en kuj( 0jt*.dkcl9vpswwd /7px 20(qryergy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wg*2dd 7cr-1-ushr6 do -m dfbohat is the work dmbrhsor2- 6g- fcdd*7 du- o1done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J.e(p+g-n.mr1rydas1 g ;wpxgbn g* 6y; Wha6b;p.eg+11 gwyy adr (nrmg g*pn;x- st is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at p o lgk3uu p xswa3h)u8c+2;/nconstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J ofu/ 3 k;u+ls)wpupcoa8hn 3g x2 energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume e9d*a 3qkoodsaz9hu 37+ : ropwhen 831 J of energy is removed fro9a+h3ak3 e:o pu7dz s9o qdro*m it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kgk s( /9 8;usjrramvu8x of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of hea s9j78htxd .0)q avdjn4k8h5xt;fgof t and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is t a s;d x4ng5ohkx)jh789tfjt.v0q8 d fhe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 l50*vfjvlc s x/u-tn. J of heat per cycle. How m-xfltus5ljc n ./0* vvuch work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pa)rf 3 n.d dfab8(/ e+ky2otirer cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in e)dafkr3 (t8rn+.a2oifybd / each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. jq1mj.ls4tkf 2s4kyl25;bte Calculate the k2;te45tbmj js24lskfq l1.yefficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal.fu6ppgkr 069)h i5 72.xhqybu+rg4griop- bq Calculate the work dogrqryb6u+.fgg9prh 0-u 2ihi5 7obpk p6) q4xne each cycle.

  One of the most efficientvcu bf,2uspu9d,4gv5 uw: x 9c engines built so far has the following characteristics: cubsufcup 5x:4vd 99uv, wg2c,ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hmh8n3 fhu/dt)as the following characteristics: combustion chambmth/f3nu) h d8er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effici hqz,z m91vff*ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: cz 1h,vz9*qmf fombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec7u q)*iy,gwl ytric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generatee7dpy.ie 0oe6 iw9c te pjpz,x(g::)ps 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric p tw)aagu8g93kower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engm n kih r-fzde(4qp.,2ine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoreticaau;z) syyv1 wu9d+nr9l efficiency possible for an engine operating betwevr)ynz +9;yud uas 19wen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the co)sgow*m pmuphic52(.l j 8xv/ld reservoir if the temperaturel2m*/p(pv8 ujgsic5 ho x)m.w of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betdsx5dm fhus2 h5 em0-n5y:c .sween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin0cx-eq kn/7wyz xq;2 ig compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is renc 7 kxq/w;0yi2xz qe-quired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from .ot-uta /* y kow76vpwthe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 6v y7o/ukta *owp.tw- 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigey:otibu1kfv st *e+ ;2rator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the ro* vstei1;yo ub2:ftk+ om. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50uumrls4 rh hi;lkda . a98(4c+ g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chan vvqno3,,)pzmge in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansio 3 cq z(tqsu9inm-e9e-h,.oc rn and its entropy changes by9mcq -qt cuni9 ,ore(z3-.s he
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at i m6( xad-4.flr:p4m,skkwltdb8* pg$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.