The process shown on the T-V graph is ao z 7 f39 slvt6r03phz9whjj9yn

  In an isothermal process, there is no chan3p ccx6h:;c:s7 sepli -po q-zge in

  When the first law of thermodyroah3m50..bw xf5 zeqe.-.hnu jeam 4namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original + hb.c7pjboi*9m 5zj xvolume with no change in its temperature. Thizib 5b p*+mjoj7x.9 hcs process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L t n-u9xby)8up tn1 pd-u w0hzq8vb97 w00wt fmuo 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed th xn)8puzq0 twwbp w7hvtb8 u- 0m-fun90uy d19e gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durinb qpc6k- nmp3.g an isothermal process. The final pressur3 b6-np.ck mpqe of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L.zi9zi3x49izdi y.9qe During this process, 6 J of energy is expenzq9z9zxi34.yii i ed9 ded by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly comor rwzwvvwppm+91 23t:cm2r * pressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat witptp 3 wv *rwrz2:v2w+o1mm r9ch its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermod 5 4),vjpm lci*bnn2jtynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-huf)k;(8ug spealf its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure s f8u gk(u)p;eof the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas idenbub,ex*z7ji8af (-yjw )el u7 tical in all respects except that one contains j)fbb-(7ie uujx87*z l y,aew$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one con4f , s/j bdv: .op(uicbod,kl-tains d,si 4j-: lcoudvpf b.ok/b(, $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dia nwu);ptgg l+0atsyf ,35h2jtgram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no y67gzih(3 a oxchange in

  When the first law oj u 5tl4zry6;z;vf:axf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at consto (mqxex:clsx6wx)b6hj7 w.-b y5z3 yda:x,a ant pressure as heat is added to it. This proce)xaybze(:lx h37x.5 q6w6:o- adc sy jxw,mbx ss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferredq1 ;at l5x-aqypl (do( to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. tx;15lp(aqo a ld(qy- As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the Ph:pp;yt +xnlc/6bkh5xhzjk m*5) i 0 aV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change m;+m7m*figb bu50 ala(f:m qp in

  When the first law of r-t)vnjpq 9hdtgp/: -thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a dmw j 1;.wsqs4rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process i1s;sm4.j w dwqs

  Ten joules of heat energy are trans9gab2mp y8/up h iy8n*ferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant voluy82y89a bmp* unihg/ pme. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of therma4 cy5mny3 u) 5lh5tekodynamics.

  Is it possible to transf .oz4vw5twy/ kr) e/cper heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot ,i zvm(fm ,d*tzp do-5reservoir?

State the second law of thermode r2iva)ye5h1(t uo 5dynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muc1 fz;o1r:of *6rxto beh work is doboo ;ffr 61:zr 1ex*tone by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined ued ;k 68v2njfas the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engin4p 1v4(neu3 y-hfe adbe is to be 100%, the heat sink mus(eu 134bdyh a-nev4p ft be

  A Carnot cycle consi / uxyp-0f:/wvohqqd,sts of

Give the Kelvin-Plancqic6f4q a * *wlcb)2ack statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performaz u:r+c2qx jqt;-(aq znce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofutaj+; r-c2qz qqz: (x

  The coefficient of perf uz5kh 6wah+xbi/ )).a(ofyxnormance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entqpuu8p+3(k/ray:jy+y vi rk *ropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pro:8fbaxq 0qavlv.: ;zecess that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choicv;az0x v l:.afb:qe8 qes applies?

Give a general statement of the secoct9q oz- ol)8a bz;s;ond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concpmk mhz8/)n4jdd2 iezf+6oi 7lude that

  During an isothermal proce f,2iw1juxz2-; zrq4 vt4ibx oss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enfiz-1vbq,uw2i2 4xxo trj ;4zergy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is ck:1-fc (kt *iobbsg7removed from an ideal gas. What is the work donkcb b1sk:-7* fo( itcge in the process?

  The work done on an idevzib/nkuu5:5gm- : dtho0j r3al gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change ini:uhdzv/m3 : - b 0ku5n5tjogr internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the c4)o84 oepvu.v oils9change in ospv48ecov 4o9).iluinternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. xmqt 1 /.7l wv6 8zjgqaxs zqffv4y:67b54jzxWhat is the change in internal lsj7 m5xawgq z/.q7 zy8 v1vxqfj46 46xt:zbfenergy?

  In an isochoric process,ku jp vd5 q/x**y*cqry)au r,99ej.yd the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work d*kdjr /exd*jr)9p*uyyayuv , 5c . 9qqone?

  In an isochoric process, the internal efzp6s ppxb;0,1zm mq3 nergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchange?pmq6 b;0z3m,xp1sp zf

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as ij5min4h6( 6g v/h2sbu dp6c0 q h3wfbhnx 6st*t is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the sxm0(4b2d6ng3/hhhf vbq w*is6 h cpj656nut gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 833sw g b, p(g 361u:nhd4wkvjhf1 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the swh4gj6p1d :bvf kuhs,3w( n3gample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg bpqvidk 4asp/:l t6s e(3)6e 1p fhi,zy tj/x(of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J iugr)h*,b t ui4n each cycle. What is t)tr h ,b4u*guihe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recl-0p sti4;; rgry al.neives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mucs4lyg-pr;.;0 i nl atrh work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. p*:jok9pz j:kq/gi d. How much heat does*:o9 pq/zidjp: j.gkk it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbsd-; com9 +p/ra 49 nvf5tptxtgix7cp( 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficg;mtt( 7x t9ov 9-xca/f5+4ppncprd iiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ex1n 5ray 0;vzeihausts 42 kcal. Calculat;rin0 a eyvz51e the work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chat .wn1lddpacm/ jg)( dra 009oracteristics: combustion chamber d mnrja/dwgp(dla1t)0o0 9 c.temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the qdl 44,is(wr-4egsb afollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature,l i- s4dqrwbe(4 4gas = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chptpi) q/g :e1caracteristics: combustion chambere1:p) gi/pq tc temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generatetl jwa+ o0:0ldqkid (+s 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powertn6 4tvmmktzk 9x*s/+ . The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of el0ppc0;1whhe qs 8lv2gectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates bet83m.7lkijov1 8 8xzyr,6 aujj1rb zlkween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum tr*bf ( trcb)oz- he.6jheoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw*ofc b(ert6zr .h -)jbeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperaturvy*wx0x 3 k ubmw7j3i6e of the cold reservoir if the temperature of thjk33w b67*xwyx 0ivum e hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatic j.el 8f3o1xk cp1xrdr b12:ang between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezh/pt+qy k3iy7 5 gox/fing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requixq53 pyig/t/7h +f yokred in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the fre5t76* scjvj7 oh4pomv(:ie inezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is th5s7j6mvo: onh7pv ij*e4c ( tie coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorb) o0/cxo 2 evr/ s2toxlkyo)5cs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room/treloo x/ ))cvsc2 5xk0o2oy . How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of 7nm jz:c1qkv6 ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes3xod9/dw16c90*hd 6fbzm kf z a;qrwr, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expanlug/z 39o9fl,c on/dt 2jdlwccq3a,/ sion and its entropy cht l/ojlf n3/,cc/dzug qo9lwda9,3 2canges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at +wtys3 .;hs tm$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.