The process shown on th,-de okm9+i5oio0sj te T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change i t2-1ug ;6yw qldlj 1t)kygnc2(i2f gnn

  When the first law of1-x lb8v: ew b1d+z axm 7qj1p/jaicg, thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temp(m dn0 +4rnb6qdtz,wr erature. This process i (, 0+ ndqrz6bwmrn4dts

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pr ba6mt*uo5s094lux dy ocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. Wl0m4xbu5 o6us9ad *yt hat is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original l kg )f.+;ukzivolume during an isothermal process. T + gfz)kl.ik;uhe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from l5n8dt5ixm:qd:t d/ 9p lvfw.20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correctt:mld .85pi:xw5l q d9df/v nt?

  A gas is quickly compressed iomt s7.z8,q tsn an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its ,sz87s mt.qto surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thery *n1aryangp o;59 k3bmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumes4 n+9srhdo,qxn 0py5n(f3 eh during an adiabatic process. Thynpd4r5hs9qxsh o ,f(03nn +ee final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that px1cw8*w)eyvw):pjhwbrr + 1one contains wpw 8ev1rx+)1):wbw j* hrypc$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectsi (kd46yrl+lt d xs07q except that one containss (7dykt +qdx6lirl4 0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the Pv;4 hnm 5h6 lq3bqu3xlV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change injy:d oe 9h+xl+a5en5a

  When the first law of thermodynamix 3p0)f 7ugnev7tj ry6cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at c.sc03udir7vtr,be9p bgp h+ 8 7hc)asonstant pressure as heat is added to it. This proce8bu7rsa 3t,e+. dshcppc 9v0)h b7griss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at c r vqy9 o,on,lg0il2r7onstant pressure. As a resul2gr9lv nylr 0oq7o,,i t, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV dj 9cnwj+ueo(9w -p(e aiagram is

  In an isochoric process, tuw. radyf3j3 :ty0/o zhere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyn /m-5 wpupx*wzamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container ,a6sln.qopkr,) oc 7kthat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proa6k7ko nq,c)p o.s rl,cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample * cw(;c.ledi)mu ejy8of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the intej .8e wm)cdu*;yc( liernal energy of the gas

State the first law jzud6g3/uh/vxk)tl: 8 ypqg 7of thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cvy,lr/)5( pr 5+dtw 2glaic 7uws9 jgh(zim 3zold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer bkb, edg8. s.theat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thsoc5+bj 0go lgr9 x;(+u3 m*nm dqrbe1ermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cyw1ybidu4 tgc s :fc 89)g:6;rf+mff;dzs0c mj cle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engimirufgdd0ccgms9y;s:6ft: b4;zjf +c 1) f8wne operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thel 5 o6gf.f 68ow2vkmjs ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the *pbulty zivsg 639 09vheat sink must * ubzgvs l0i 939tpvy6be

  A Carnot cycle consists +)evvv*xk*z vof

Give the Kelvin-Planck stdb9c g; w,1/u;zczyxratement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeratobwpi tn3: / bn2imeu15r is defined as the ratio of 2 bni5t:ium1 wbe3p/n

  The coefficient of performance (COP) 06paq whrsrq bg9h75/ of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wate:h zrdt3xn8t s2bl8 2sr

  According to the second law of tm:m- p 3 nvqy9w2j0(g mtr(tpehermodynamics, for any process that may occur within aqv 0j3(py-teg9 n(w t:2p mmrmn isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second lan )f6 -t9wpvcpw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concludz4biy1)nu:5q1ej my xu nh *8he that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat vhj4m zt*:(j 9z ylbz lp8kc))fe;i t6is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy9 h468*z;tbj):fzlpz)tmk( el iyvcj?

  During an isothermal process, xz-- vtm*thp2c tk5p5 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done2t-cht *px5-zk v5p tm in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pr(jz1 fq jd+gx /:orb8+s9 gdcxocess is -400 J. What is the changeg r zbo1xj:+fxqgd(ds +jc98/ in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change w86 j3ysxylc um8j+ ,sin internal energy of the ga yjxly su,88 +sj3w6cms?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 Jozj 95r/eq jz)i8 7,6qsuxxh0h qnpd2 of work. What is the change in internal ener8q pjh,6e9 ru7q z0j)qhx nox 2zis/5dgy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system)vkr7 hmeq11h zy 8zu344wsbs decreases by 50 J. What is the wo 1bvuzy78wq1sr e3)4h4km zhsrk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sy2vnd l2 fo9m8sstem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat d 2ml8o vf9sn2exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at con*7mlqtsidp.(2r+0ct l:ez gfnph p)( stant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplishe.zifd)htspm*(0tn+pr :2qec lgp(l 7d by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooledx:x;xu wf5kah;5 8r7o: fqunx by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is remoufwx a;r8 oknux;q:xxf:575 h ved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg woy (y3o ae. :u0+snhfe/b;jbof water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J ofg.zp/x/ ssc-+rtzi +tod 9n/ f heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency9+ c/stifzsnr/-do+ g/p.zxt ?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives msm.3 q(a hgvb*tgq p 1)ju9+s150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it qva3 qbm*j9 pm+tg.s)1s u(hg perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an ec-h6x ooyojj 3x nt,md 6xpc 1w0r4(9zfficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaunwr4tm(39d -j hxz xp1 oyj6oc6 xc,o0st in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hns9t1ya ba -zw) )t/0jn.o 1xehbyf/veat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculat/f)/b91h.wtt1n)zox ejbnasyva -y 0e the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ex k io8,rcghh(xmimw ,3-m/7r xhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycm c,hr-g ,hiirk/wm 7mx(o83xle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristn2zg deshg ln t7utv7k or4f4v.:; 7r6ics: combustion chamber temperature = s.7n6;l2gdezo r4k47vu g 7htv:trn f$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so fa 1w mt 14xo/tt:cs:jshr has the following characteristics: combustion1txmt:j 4s/1shc :w to chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has )j(pr(f7dpv- 7 mre. *cugvyo the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur7(jp (rgurc ofy7 vvm-*)de.p e = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant(yy qp-b bg/o+bts44b uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The il 3-..angms27ovc mcplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powerwwo2t c tf r,:2l,cgd4k/gq 7q. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efze ;ht9hsb( r7rab3w *ficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possizt w gi++nob2.kr; vj7ble for an engine operating between b +t +2n ;z.gi7wvkroj$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of tjke g11p29dw rj4vh( wxz ;ps8he cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir2z81ppd s9 h4jge; k w(j1vrwx is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwe6hz z:6 e0hcqzen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmentc4u kkcpg+ br(-.lf .g at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room perc+rk -g g.p fbkl(u4c. cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratg 9vmiqkw.tv+oox 4u);*kv1t14 0caa gdws (xe of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.aw(t+gvos4kv 0 cm)x ik;* 4 9gt wuvaod11.xq What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation3-yn0ti qh+ 6eb +abzu, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input abn 3qt+6-i+0z hbyeuis required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mejvwul: ov e im*w3gq4 ,10bzw1lt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice fre ae2eow+pcjv 12qs+:x ezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its s; ;j4hs zpg1d ldbcmxt(k)42xi8buc;2- djjentropy chxxti;cbj; (41zd;lj pb 4-2 cdj) umds28skghanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at p81otpdu)em-c h;y*0 jny4 do $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.