The process shown on the T-V gr:fy-d/jn,scf: nh 6 xw5muf e;aph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no changfw0i96lsioyvq i. v rq/p58 l3e in

  When the first law of thermodyn.4cl:honz y ll0o2. soamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chang o/cyr8fdwitg :wkb*: xwh 99:e in its temperature. This proc/ *9o :wf8g ky9td cbw:xhrw:iess is

  An ideal gas is compresgusd ftg /e966sed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the eug /fsgd669t gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compresx/sq c +5rl)jne)3 p/rw z6kkpfaz* p8sed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. qnz)3/lk56jw r s )zr*p/pcae+ x f8pkThe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 v9s .1 wtkii+7lv7s xoL to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanismks o+7s v97xv.liti1w that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. perq+qc7)1cypz9 ,w vDuring the event, the gas exchanged no heat with itsp7qw e 9)vpy +,q1rczc surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamxdqg1k; r85sdi + -ryzics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed z3mq3cr c5zy+to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic proc+mczqc5 33rz yess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al 5u:um ss-v23)q:mpe6z pmzb bl respects except that one containsu6pmmzevpsu s-::32 )z5 bmqb $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical inddf9ldl ya 3f*8i(p1p28 r aamk(e;zj all respects except that one contains8l a3dppj fzel;ak1mr fa(*2y 8id d9( $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV didl4-*;ydhlpb agram is an

  In an isobaric proceso* mp7cu2, zr1 k-zoay+ ncn.ts, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynkf33r (ye e j+ba).-af0m iyh tn;33lqngbn:eamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to (,() pdxptgiyl vh6)zrh39wk it. This process ist x kh) rwg3,iypv9h(z6()ldp

  Ten joules of heat energy are tr1uaqd92vl/0zgsrgx:2m b (wpansferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of thxgusrpwazbl2(/ 9q 02mdvg1: e gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram ifca:3c9sgt+wr b1p13n 8dtves

  In an isochoric process, there is no change ip 57vy2l n/vsgy5 lvt;n

  When the first law of thermodynamics, k6*p2.b y atxv$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannots5b)ar.sa3qw expand as heat energy is added to aw.3)r a5 qssbit. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferreia7 d.zjv.cn7k oz) l)d to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the inter7 vl)ica.z.jkd)o7 n znal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermody,ir9 h x*ls2psy3o.drnamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat fro;uf,;iu8.fs yklo oy4 m a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from ap)mb -1jt/ v: mkdmxw;cqe( l) cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.r3 cu+(*wcu,tzha4 zc 0 )fyty

  A gas is taken througih:1igz/b*yao 7gqmz 5tkc0; h the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on :17ghmt oaizk;q cy5*z ibg/0 this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as i;5.8m2) t*ayv: elew oebmy dthe ratio of

  If the theoretical effici*vf 6-wemq b)e)+ uxakency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b6 e* fmq-uaweb)k) v+xe

  A Carnot cycle consists of5nxu;,u hhmplm/ 7ls6

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement o8 bwxirp6r/ 5 3)cdzvca6bnf-f the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a 9jpzce /7akv* refrigerator is defined as the ratio of *av9/p cejz7k

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a he9rc1df*wa 5q v uixqj :;,ywx-at pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of th1n;w rowvw558bhff,lhd : 4k he water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for anys4qy yh f*:nn) process that may occur within ys*nh yf: qn4)an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law 85ztikh j(f7xof thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to 3m 5doe1/mef7ez i7mi conclude that

  During an isothermal prodw a-ky)eemdy3 np;-7m;g0xvcess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What ispeak-;y;dy0- d3v mgwm7n )xe the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J 450lbe .d-a8g8;gv evcsfic w of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proces0 vega 58l.fic 8-gsc4;vwbeds?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process iprz 4ctil6omsa(9wp-(db -i* tk8a5xs -400 J. What is trod paixi54b w-(cpmt*ts89z (-k6 lahe change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas ad2fkfxbyk w;a7:+1d r oiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of thx7akb:yw f+od12 ;rk fe gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 gdb0*k-ueb8xsc p; 70exu/ ba J of work. What is thkpe; uc/-0dxbeb a*7g0 xsb8ue change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decq :m 5-uhr* 5tdp8zialreases by 50 J. What is the- lpr 5 ud:z8i*a5thmq work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50j v43 bvoh1t 8*: xxyd6yhff*x J. What is the hyo hx**b:fd1hv6x43 x vyj8tfeat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it4b-gh7yl qax;ga78 ec is cooled by 50 K. This feat is a4 cx8 g-;gyhab7q7el accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume -ndj)b 0i4lpt when 831 J of energy is removed fromjl p-td )ni04b it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 s gjnhyfq;+v/q:p+ 1 dkg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000dxt+a1 m g2gzd,3fy9a J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencd93zx ay2dat+g, fmg1y?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pe-t:9oojn,-p jli6 xeo9cpl7 jr cycle. How much work does it perform in ejij p jp,too6nlx9-:-loc7 e 9ach cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pers645dkfte- ;dcx oe2k cycle. How much heat does it de6xk-f ;t2skoe4cd 5exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and :h m: md5cegxtawc4z*; tj:ow, :;xjc exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate thg;m:t,wt4d ac :;cx*5o c wj:xemzh:je efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eac8ml9zp gox(c q(*( v 1ys+raz0* bzmfih cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each giz(lz rc0z+ayq 9p*fs m*18m(b (vxocycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follow s w9mja2a5goyg)7. ahing characteristics: combusta2ogy 7a sa5h.jwg )m9ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fcy5tzxl7 fyh6(/ b j -:6cjzwdollowing characteristics: combustion chamber xf-z7cl/5h yjzct6(b6 :jdy wtemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactey0s/n9 gqrb 9uristics: combustion chamber tem0b n9yuq/sg9r perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant 2 aml5uz wp9t)2fdb+ (uff4tvuses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr7isxmry .: 2mjic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant genehh.o4pqi oi4- rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which opyw9wp +*r4 w 0 z;i(d1hoaqziderates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatin1pmdnj3 ula7j,*l1i gg betwlml7*j ig 1 a1p,nu3jdeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carwmty7a /o*e9 vnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the he*mwv t/9o7yaot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwgn m6ihvec,7g5* 9 fwteen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate ofhvp(6epwt * bsx1.uh* z90tl 4bxj2io 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycetxw(b so 1b i**x.lh2h 4 0vt69jzpuple. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from z2+/6eb4cw6n rqqyf x);)brek w znc:the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roon6q6er ybq wr+nc)4xw):ec ;kz/z2 bfm per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbsk6z(9q zqr0a p 230 J of heat from the freezerprz 0z(9qqa6 k and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of iatg ts;9/*lvlxg :up, ce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropeb39 fsrknk, b,e7cx 9x31cwky is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP unde o 8f/yly8tx8argoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changa/tfxy88 8y loes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at kss/-khg1qa9* t pc m5$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.