The process shown on tax -.wpkfcx epp0:icbf1mn;-01bb8 n he T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, therl1rr a: ,k6v9hf 6czpye is no change in

  When the first law of thermodybmb1 :,(rqvf:8n rv6vd xf j0znamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original nnbwu1+cyp2tb; x;*6e fybw3volume with no change in its temperature. This proc nu31yy;bc; x +p6wb et2wn*bfess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermn 3i jd/hl40yzally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy f 3jlz y/i40dnhor this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origina8-/c3rvv70mf pxd ni)zphb rj75dy) ol volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure )x7vhf0)zrpv7d5-co 8rp/i 3djymn bof the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isother;r5o5rb h24ub fk2jat mally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the for; jbob5f2tr5 2khau 4llowing statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly comprg5 1x tuzdga(gyw1n67 essed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thigawztg 75n1g1yd x( 6us process is

  When the first law of o-r:rsv2f9s g(vc+qp thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume du mdsf94c+x) exr 9vh-rring an adiabatic process. The final pressure o -v 9h reds9cfm+r)4xxf the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in allo ysnce,akb:,u/y :zi1/gfft2 q7 dv8 respects except that one contains7y v/dyau: i8o t/eqbnk,gzsf,f:c 21 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onei3v flbmy50e8 contains y0mlb53efv 8i$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagrap )lu:5 x 2rrofadf97nm is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no changeym ii sy//st:4 in

  When the first law of thermodynamicsxcn3v*e xz .*g, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat xyx8t dp3h.8wis added to it. This process p xx.ty 3hd8w8is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of mz(tnz)b ) 0+n5cwifxideal gas at constant pressure. As a result +)x)nb( tf05 ncwzmzi, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on we0am l2 6hz m7zshpc3)1sb/qthe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric procavnut e*/r) 2 6l8xtf;1 jn8fcs;ynccess, there is no change in

  When the first law ofhm69ojzv: ez 1k leotp7:zv10 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid con+jkf v bb*4k7ptainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to itbv*kf+ 7jkb p4. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are tranys378a lafxh .sferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal e37x.8fs aayl hnergy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamdh*e r-shqzj+f :k/e( ics.

  Is it possible to transfpg2kyw9nu5b: -d ,lza er heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat1vnd *w7.fzo:ol vwa* from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamgb vm(2* n;4zyj.j vwvics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through bc;.0nkbym 6jthe cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done bn.ky0cb m6j b;y an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is d:bg1e3tb hys )efined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical effit:)u8l-m eno qy) arzwh/ ,he5ciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu/)eez5t,) u:yl8h a- omrwhqnst be

  A Carnot cycle consist z:*iglb, 2vh2l1k /dicl nia2s of

Give the Kelvin-Planck 5u2 6zzndu( gkstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of)rqmq,l9l gu 37hkh7 n a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of9rq7h)nlu 7 3mqk,lhg

  The coefficient of performance vr)du745opsqki 6x2 mw-n0 o v(COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of t/; 0 uqhszm-l+ojeavqnh ytr a+u6 - m):/ydl4he water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, f;rbl/w1ppmmaq8tizle( )r 4uii( sgn 2 *y6x0or any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one(wnml ;u0 61 (m4gbryp)/ltierspxa28qzi i* of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the seconv iqhxkr4:,0i+b.i /la dm c+sd law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude thatnnq:ev9 ln6vs9ya u /dn4hw88

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wh5vyic;ob x1c 4.qv3 yhat is thvxy34o5v.cbc y1h i q;e change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.*o1: ct0 pmgvhw( ) vceyj2cx4 What is the work done in the prov c 1gvm(jc)ehyt opcw*4x02:cess?

  The work done on an ideal gas systrvfcvlw;+ 6.rxdfr* c/61 k/x b jnzg,em in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in i,cclz./xk /j v 6brvr+ fxr n6g;w1df*nternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in - 8(yrljw+oox compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in interna-wy8l +rjx (ool energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergorxl;j8qb 0 c:7rw4(x ova q;vqes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the changeq408wv(bq7vq:xc r;r;axo lj in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemp v *5yt qu*y-qy9g; w,,2f ugxxs5pmq decreases by 50 J. What is t qypt u;,5 w2y-9gmsqfxuq,g*p v*5xyhe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internaji4clg8hfm/*mj0 +x2gm dh2h l energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchangejh/hj0x im*+gh fcm4ml8g2 d2?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume ) sn.wryx h9*wehw:ooo1 v:s 0as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by w0vhw .hsroo *yse:w9:1 onx)the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50mf ;sfodlf+ly a99u yf(oh ul(o-,7 8s K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are inoff(fo l7o 9s9 hl8ylu,u a(mf s-y;+d the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg ofre/tizo8ztj *;w0b m 0 water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wht)ojxh c 9 e vkj.ex,qk.ivv;9,+g+pqat is the eff q+qcvjxv ),jxgk;k eopitv9. +e ,.9hiciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.zvy,xivw*92 4ekyz.qmqi8 ) r:y(ijm How much work does irz*z 4 :wm2yykmyv89 vjixq )e.i(q i,t perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of uv.d+emoin hn+dd2aj, + b+ ax :wh5z-35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it em -jainn+hh a+bwd+u:2dx.ov e dz+5,xhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal 58fli;i*vr5 viu cu)q of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatecqf5vi8ulr5i *; uvi) the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausthx1p:otupuh( l w4wd0qkzma 82j mxe/j48:h0 s 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each c102ptd/:mw 4h4xpj:oqjzx 0uha8eu 8 hmk wl (ycle.

  One of the most efficient env njdw5dlwprd 47a1 o092rm-yvj5 fp nu3n1k1gines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = lp9-5 7 5n1w 21n 0podr1vd34dkjrnu jyavmfw$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follg-ya2be4 ;usrn 2wt4xowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = was e-ry;t2g 4nxu42b $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so -7cxsj* oz2e2siy6g qfar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = *22ei6qcgj-s7yzsxo $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uy1(dh hjwq (m9l1i1xvses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant gsr;dy.yh fc)j17jl 5benerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6 s1h6pm4ce8 nk00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of a dk8e4u,t iun,n engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an enginez+ cf 1ky0zrxx.7z+ahoa;i ye ):2aee operating betwe krah7x)zz ee;c1+iy2:0 ex afz+.aoyen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a kgt *u6o))ks wsvt0c2Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the uv26ssot) c g)*kwt 0ktemperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwk-:fxktdnggb phw8 7xg6n;, *een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the frp w a2daefdl602p al38eezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cy23paa06 ed d pw2l8lfacle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment atw(b3tbx/rmj rv1ywmn.o 0g1t0n 1*vr the rate of 20 kJ and er n/ gj*tv m.0trw0(rox1nmy3b vbw11jects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs l 6gap ddq+u7y4ffrbw;g+m, ,230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much worwgdb rpmg,7fy 6;+adqu, l4f +k input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g ofv *02yb17 ie;szmyxa3 wjvl- nc kpy2+ ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freeze uu3isuus z)v - .(5qk(iq7qyes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entr7f7z(k a s5e e57x urtofl+qs:opy changesf +oxqe7 sl(575fz7s:euratk by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 1 t,vus-..lbttp2tjk$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.