The process shown on the T-V graph is an 4 ftlpcp z hv*cg3- pmoo;63sb0b)z1e

  In an isothermal process, there is novdsi v7mxrwaa oa :j.:+;1 zl5 change in

  When the first law of therme-bafh +-kj7q 5upg7e6of1 r modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its orig 4t udp,qf+hcji q-(lcn s99k6inal volume with no change in its temperature. This processl-k ptj9 qi+fc(q6h9,4c s ndu is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L g0jz v k 0yjs)3o1pkl;rl *n5hto 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of en0 5 3v0zl kr)n;pks *jyl1hgjoergy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during anb5* 37dqvliu d isothermal process. The final pressure of the lq* 537dubivdgas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 e* f yp00lu:.4cjkdkaL. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of thekc04 k:aydfjepul0.* following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed i)6pz 4scdcq za */b-myn an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with icsq azpm4dz 6 -)*bc/yts surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of tndn5 atd 63zl(hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during a;b or5.in f5msrgsn 0.n adiabatic procs.m0r5 r5.ib ;nonsfgess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that jjxn1cop)/v sd1w4y .one containsxw/oc1 vpsjy.j4n )d1 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders ofti51svp3e2fe juw:1j gas identical in all respects except that one containsv1p3 ei tj:s1je5wf2u $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram /oh-3oee7i (q ylc-yb 8pl -xiis an

  In an isobaric process, -,1 uzgje bgqr/ 3;:jl lhtu9mir-+lwthere is no change in

  When the first law of thermo,(y t ;a/vxtr:yi.ztv dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constanza28+zqf.e 1o srkf5 at pressure as heat is added to it. This proe 2 roafq5+.81skfz zacess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gao1er h9i boxqm vs4h(jzgh)t.c/8 k71 s at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of thio8hjk.7xz( 1svrbt)g9/qmoeh 4 h c1e gas

  The process shown on the PV diag7hq0 6ob9y kz(mrcfsjyp 8 46j:5kucdram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chan m/8u dgfys90ege in

  When the first law of thehn)0p slvt4/)lo r dgrtue41u) (yfi+ k/8geurmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cgn k: /bi2;hqcannot expand as heat energy is added to it. ghi/ :qkn2b;cThis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample ofk3 iaaz4/ x ea+/o(lql ideal gas at constant volio / (q+x /kzll3a4aeaume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of th1:anofwpon ut 6ed38h qm k:b+z4u*i+ermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold -mlzpg16h4o k26bn g5,u +lt( cmfkbjreservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot res i wj.qk21 wr*oq-gy;. by8haiervoir?

State the second law oflp ajvnhw:r -fj, )bc3)nq c/9 thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During on:p u 2w1kbxmp *lmj;*arla69p e cycle, how much work is done by anr6 *kmxpm9jp*a1lb: ul; apw2 engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined ahx)hpktg r0y)j x12w; ) *buvxs the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%,yaoq7 8 u*:d u3agg:sv the heat sink must sa:yuuvg q 8*o7dg:3abe

  A Carnot cycle consistsvfxd(le- mi(v( 8 szs+ of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of pk:q72 (wsj m4vvo3vsthe second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defs+n rsgd7 ; /g.::ejvqwd5nokined as the ratio oork:7gs g n.dsdw;e:n v/ j+5qf

  The coefficient of performance (Cf9 )4s9 cdzx yk0jha,eOP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of them5 r-yp ,/wf ex*ayk* 3y30ht(qhd bfb water

  According to the second law of thermodynamicn3 v0kj90zy-m x3 jmyss, for any process that may occur within an k30y xy-09m 3js vznjmisolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of the(wr,a5vjref r24anqj34 bu rq*5(nt brmodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude t i1zk 0xhl;eyctz57n*hat

  During an isothermal procz2yqjr* wkv 5+ess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What k2 5yz+wvrq*jis the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idef:4ke xzsf5s2 ge -c2nal gas. What is the work-2fk gezsnxs4c e2 f5: done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Whvwk (u:pi,9 djskk05 hat is the change in 0:kdkkv,(p iwjhu59 sinternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiasnthl -kb5:u6 batically. What is the change in internal energy5:lkh6s n u-bt of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25pgh h.gf/0 wd7 J of work. What is the changghghd0/.wp7f e in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wzg nez)48lr ng2xhv 2;hatl)nv x4ggr 2z;ne82z h is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the intercv7h hoy8i1l(; wd*c+ bqg/dx nal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is theyw +(xib 7dd loc8*/hc; qv1hg heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volumqw7;)ftk rn atsb +z8,dd8(hn e as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by8 +t8 qsd (d) rh;b7ftnnz,awk removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50p1 erf3qhx7 j) K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in thjr3)qxf1 he7pe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg o7azc 5 1tf5slpf water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000js2rehi2 +edr6gil2z - +6cz j J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the6 re -zzr2cs hidg6jjl ++22ie efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%gc/kktl( ah 91::qmpc and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does pk(c9h g: lc:aqk1/t mit perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an 2)b :br ly6vgnefficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat d6)bn vg2 yl:rboes it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat m2-vfbc9 le6wetq /,zdx2rknks4e p cd9o0*+ each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the d sm z kqc/oxn4w-*d9, +6perb 90eectvklf 22efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cy enga1*i(dmp6b qsj7dnn y6mmmcr g8e/ ,,y).cle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wom./m7m pge6ecb1yn8sj * 6y qrm aig, d,(nnd)rk done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hc(xx*pe57 o uuas the following characteristics: combustion chx(e5*7 ouupxcamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient en,h)ajp( q/cxw gines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion qx( ,a)wc/jhpchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engqm /nkrjq4mrl m2 1(0tines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = k qt r02q(rl1mnj 4mm/$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thew/bi6riix px jtpe0(((c0,x v plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pof6t , ij8yhx6lant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrllxq ch*2t0t +xw26g j;h.-p+q nmgneic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of au 0j:c5p- ezcbn engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an ep* -w8mtax/f q,een) sngine operating betwesea*xfm-tne qp/ ,w8) en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the xspu/ fwqtohn; fqff9,738( pcold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir isqfpuo9 pfqnts;/ x38w,f 7(fh $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operativ2h2j+c lpf.zlo 6rd l0 pri34ng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heaqpu08tmmg f ,x3o ky:,t from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work i 3u8pmm 0: o,kq,yfxgts required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heaw)2a w0w v;ihkt from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycwaiw k)hv;w2 0le. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbj7 pc;vv i 2-vj6f6h- , cimsj+emfgj3s 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the -j+vs f ;g iv-vjh2i3m,cmcj676fpj e room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g oj*oni-r6fo7zgf- :eg f ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in ./.h1lrtg ao dentropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal ga xebxi.ra;e)0wiusq 4bm1 .bt7c qr3 6s at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chang.xi 7qe6e;tb i) abxmr 10w4.s ucq3rbes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at (he+k ve:k2( f2+r5hlw ddd kf$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.