The process shown on the T-V graph is e 8)/afsw.rkfcp hytx0 tz*9( 9ma ff15qq o6fan

  In an isothermal process, there is no 8+7zwn ro mtkz36hx/tchange in

  When the first law of thee , (ex:pvikxb/q +x guk,t61y9kzb6srmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume w t ,:i l,b *5xuzh4pfh+6wbuubith no change in its temperature. This zu ,,4f x5 hlui* hb+b6buwtp:process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isokeg y.3 wbutg+d;6 *y qf4m5dq-l-uwg thermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the extew -6yqukg*b g+qt 5l3; e4ud-mw.fdy grnal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volbqs2b4b :x/h3rvueb. ume during an isothermal process. The final pres/ rb3b bv2:qe. x4buhssure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L.g+mfb3 r,pc0da giktk69gm (, During this process, 6 J of energy is 9,(0dgkt iagmm cr,bgpk6 3 +fexpended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environme c, c8ggww5;33xle1vd2svtp1gf bk 6lnt. During the event, the gas exchanl g wx3fe86w ptskb1,; 1lccv23 5dgvgged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law ofu b-palom v4/: thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original v7px12j zo5 pocolume during an adiabatic process. The final pr71zjcxp oo p25essure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in apz+ /ngjo 6we:e8c7 zill respects except that one contains 7o :e8eijgw +zznp6/c $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contt*i /bluhz((aains z((*ah ltb/i u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the Pavk.9ox,/f x5 fd fel9V diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chan inq gi ,a4 hpy-iiz;j ,(c-vz99acp8bge in

  When the first law of the ep)m+cnh wsjpx+)3: t6es(qp d-c*jbrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to 3fh y w8m kj(j)6ggd8hit. This process gf)6 hk8gjyjw38mh d (is

  Ten joules of heat energy are ugwl k0im(bhp3e277rtransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the 3(kh7wu0gmpe7brl 2 iinternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on thecm u3ncjz 58*n PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change sun0 lf1m .ll8in

  When the first law of therm;mz*ot i7mb*q aom+d)k9v; uyodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heacz(vsi p p3 j4sal/5ifefx5+7 t energy is added to it. This pci z 457ple ss/+( avfifx35pjrocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy arod i23* 7s1qj8lco(whawer g 5e transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a rl j35i (8q 1aho*rwo2cgew 7dsesult, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of xdi:p z4py/om s.h;1gthermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoi2kujyte* )tr6r to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer.+, hjdvqe ui b5qav35 heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of aucod4hm5fg/ -n m4w4,j3okxthermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, u1s s/qnnhw;. k6j zm3how much work is donn kh/m s z;sqju613.wne by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined xd* ;mqfvts1h2l9yxp ,bb u) +s+v q+zas the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is f l28q4,png szto be 100%, the heat sink mus qnlz8f p4g,2st be

  A Carnot cycle consists oa5 nxvby+myhz8j,3 u l6up)5s f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement st5b (tf*g3ck)*s vke of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP)m kj) hltr1/wpc;6l u8tyt *)z of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio orlzm1chw *l8j)y/;6k t)tp u tf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) ofte00hp pdlvz4o612 xg a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, np.j92m5w*eiv). /5o dbrz ahs nq9sqthe entropy of the water

  According to the second law of,2 8xudvb-io g thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, wb-g,oxv ud8i 2hich one of the choices applies?

Give a general statem;nlx (sk7.q *nhgt -krent of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conckv+ jzp8)8d jrlude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from )n: fdaf33d ts1qmz4b an ideal gas. What is the change in internal 33zmsn:dq)bf f4atd1 energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an cy5n3t igc 6:tideal gas. What is the woc5y 3gtc:tn i6rk done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas systfh/ u3yn1 ru4+) onharem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is3nr ou41)yr/uh + ahnf the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabati3v.s7vx j-em vcally. What is the change in in7-m.vxvvej 3 sternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wh)2mysqy: se g 6w2aofzjj(n3+ at is the change 3q f 2wjosn)jy+:gy ezs(a2 m6in internal energy?

  In an isochoric processw0taby8w10:/ j7.ph e t n9 6tguzsxan, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What iswez1j n7g xtna/bt 0apys 89.uw h6:t0 the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sy96hanym7a 4c tstem decreases by 50 J. What is the heatha 7t6ymna 49c exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume z/r dfv1;fb ep)p ng)4r+n3tqas it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of end1 e bnpf3)p/;+ gn)r4fz qrtvergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 Jfimk z)9v7gkkp9 gu tz; n;2:m of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in tp fmk i7m2n;ku) 99:zkv gz;tghe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg oi:khcg, x ,ie6f water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of )1zi ;p7ptaha heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficien)azp ; 7tpa1hicy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives i2p x0pzj4+;fb, w2 vg rrzit-150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it pvxzigpt- ;r0 zbi+4,p2 rwj2f erform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of he/1zvb b37brlk0iktkl. fod )-at per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust i/ikf70rb l 1k).lbod v-bt zk3n each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaus (s tqyph+,9abts 42 kcal. Calculate,q 9bh(tsyap + the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal 9ni48 om:mqeak4 w,t8bx:xyw/wd j k7of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycm q,:eykntkowa w i :x mjdx884/79b4wle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisen ia4ky*sb62i m,4t itics: combusn4ike mys*2i6i a 4,tbtion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha64j*hrgbo j p0v oc)h,s the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaj ,bor ch6hoj)*40gvp ture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far h(rm.2s93pk cfgb ir,ulnpj ,:as the following characteristics: combustion chamber t:9f3,plcrji,k 2m up.gsb(nremperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plawma wna-lr*0;iye . e(dq-t*c nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric poweru33kn 1 yj 1rtpgq6e0 po;6iif. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant gena o5 d2ydwnge715;s zrerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of anwp0x6g a6)8tpoo f0o ,zxjr9j engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for auer 7,gyfn95m n engine operating between y ,fu rmg5e97n$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. j3rp4d.enw2x 4 /x tsu What is the temperature of the cold 3tru4w /sed4n2p.jxx reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating b8 z6(bootkv 1md4w 8opetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat is eoo6*;c.yc l;dsr 5from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much wo*dse; c65sy iro; .locrk is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat fro bsw- b5a5sb5m(m1k7.yovfyw m the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffic.575(bf5ys -b1sb o wmakvw ymient of performance?

  During each cycle of o;5yk( c17nnegyr:mgh peration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much workgrg y:7c(nkme1nh 5y; input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice e nu:.aj8ot1m+g)nnl melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy i* ocogtt1:2 3jhm(ir askg6+ ps

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergpsv 8;kr4h n+woes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chanh;+v4pn8k swr ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 3qvh;zkc h9qxgn,6:k $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.