The process shown on the T-V graph ig5+prz.pw d3)nq6 75ipa zd* i3jrihb s an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change i-q9v7sdldp:jqu a-1hp / z,9gdbqx 4h n

  When the first law of thermodynamics, p/i kr(j7+s jhm(zt5x $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change iclez2yvs2 gy*w p+)r*n its temperature.**2 wp cgsryvy 2e+zl) This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from+1h /zkpk*gcc 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0g zk p1+*hc/ck J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during wel:js o+-7emm0xl 3xan isothermal process. The final presel xl+smx ew-mo70j3:sure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. D:e0 + fgnrqyyuqosb0v / 5l6jhy6 e iy*3s43iwuring this process, 6 J of energy is ex 3eu6lis3yv 0 6b0:g5 yqy yoh+4rsfwiqje /*npended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the pfvb4/1c-z5rms2:w+w nqv cc event, the gas exchanged no heat wi:n1vswrzwcp bc/2 vq4 m-c+f5 th its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermo esx*eeu* xwv7 vjh*tnpv99+0 dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gasztneg6f:v7r hm c3n 64-en ii8 is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The finaltz8f63 v4ei gr 7ne6:c-mhnni pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical:ube3zy4f ouzg5vm *9 in all respects except that one contains vz*g9u4f 3bze:o m 5yu$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onq3e t12sc;rtqh2oad:na:9 mz yo( tz(e containsrq;me z:2tyq (ocn3 d 91at:(2haszo t $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on t:; gre3ga)hd c77 wyk2v*rucej e.m j6he PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change isfrip c63cg*b 53jl a0n

  When the first law of thermody **quaa3qk k5nnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as hea1.yy 1cpm rlm,t is added to it. This proces y11.pcrl,mmy s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred t9herc9wh) j*9)p+ +xmqddgm2r gev t2o a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energ +hqr9m9e* xcdp+)wthm 9e)v2rg dj 2gy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV6puu vy9;o5phml3 4u2 *kctv k diagram is

  In an isochoric process, th :cjj;+qbibai0:orh: ere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynaq bjwfezpe 3-1+xx53 lmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid co q.blgy f81,oqntainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pro,yb qg1l.qf8o cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cond;bv;. 5+b7lwr g you/ibxt x6stant volume. As a result, the internal energy of ttv xxi+ub7rd5o bwl;b ; yg6./he gas

State the first law of thermodynamics.w9u8 tg ah yzdvc(34lu9do 7y5

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold og*hsrgt 1o 5v8-mnl3reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat fromdg)ddc 1cfx: * hu9jh1 a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according tu*d b3.mya4 w e9irg0 vr;,ozlo Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated her. (f e;)4qms*8wga fuukgfgv.zw yl1u2paw) )e. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatinga1kw epw*; .zsvlq)w.)u)gmua ffg2ufy g8 4( on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat /30vex9 vot x (cgl;1 x8sui3jswm ocg9sn7)dengine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carn5s*one20h0po,49okfk f war bot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musta pf k2*,noh oow50 kf0se49br be

  A Carnot cycle consists pculm2 ;ds07s* y v u83rfjk6vof

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secondgs24zv1nim8o law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refri2;oipz46bdh +jcsc3d1qx (ek gerator is defined as the ratio oc+46;d1 x e2 cpkshibodzjq(3f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defi6)k* foj+ )ox/sgjc vrned as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the nli:abxzd4 ,e ief7:7water

  According to the secouv wrox-f o)znj -du + y,i15(g7f9hjtnd law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one 5v1u-w)j f,uojt+hzfony 7xd- g9i( r of the choices applies?

Give a general statement o(wv yqk v+,u .z:no*8dpyfdbw6) l)djf the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conc)y*z: vyrdi4pbl69v) m nwx+wl hi1z)lude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed f f+s;euo.b g93o yc0eyrom an ideal gas. What ;bosy o9g3e+0y fuc.e is the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed eisukz)b)1 2rfrom an ideal gas. What is the work done in the rk ibu2sz1e)) process?

  The work done on an ided/zowby++)r hqx8e z0 al gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal ener y z rw0qd+b)oe8+/zxhgy?

  200 J of work is done in comprec.tdk r+icqj,13f +nzssing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internc3ci,qd+ rz+1.t nkfj al energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiaba,98r lysxld)wx6u ggt5sgkf( nz,y (-tic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energsl 9-x ,(8kng,syr zg y(ugdl56wft)xy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a s k): udb0ip4dfystem decreases by 50 J. What is the wor4kp bdufid 0:)k done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreacj2pr3o- fz 58;wg9hfltrcp2ses by 50 J. What is the heatlcw-ff9p83 h jpgo2 5c;z tr2r exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant u: ivmecbpf(:4) 9lm 0c zr-iyvolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomu0:)ivf9lc4b e- i :myprm(zc plished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volu9*i * xw4gnicxw1 sba8me when 831 J of energy is removed from it. Hwa 94ini* x*xbgs8c1 wow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.h.r7 ,0u5xfk0,oo+k elwg g.nzw2jy d:(nal k0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and lwwes; /1nr,yzoses 3000 J in each cycle. What is t/w,ywnezs r; 1he efficiency?

  A heat engine has an effi j ojx qmds8*0gc57g+kciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perforx mj 8d5kqgco 7g+*js0m in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.ug(7oo5kfm)x4vuik f6 efa67/thv w -k3 lwn90% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycl fouoe5gh/)4i 6wkf(-6kawl7m f9 ut7 vnvk3xe?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4233wh q cr y6u*ve+sby* kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each c3vh * yu63+wr csb*yeqycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ezws+ 2,z oo0vyach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wor+ ysz,oo w2vz0k done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engint(nd-5c7 , l1 ivhnsxaes built so far has the following characteristics:i-,cnxlt17a (n dvs5h combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fg **btzv/ip 7aollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturbzia/g 7tpv**e = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines buikw (qpv71d8jy0 p( k. o0blwktnf4d( glt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur.fq0dk ndb(gl(( tw0 1pj847yovwkpke = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric p3ex4d7b+oq rrr16oihc g1 :tjower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant ucoxq7k 8a.d6jses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ebgk i12p qf*s;lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which rfed; .n -f02ug)s5d crddnb)operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theorego 3qm,9,wgkztical efficiency possible for an engine operating between o gwm93q,k,zg$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine (ac-fftof+ hnrr** : o eclxm2.s:k8r is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir *ns*efo aco8c.rh2lrk:rtf-:f( mx+ is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatif 5bupen4mmg/*t.y h *ng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment atir9o 3*zjbm *p the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muziob**jmr9p 3ch work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at r5j8st ki9 u0fcy9 -.k d,irlwthe rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the cos rt0i f.ur dwc8k99kj,y-il5efficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the 5gx-u,vn*cnt r4 vmidn o)s38freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in t 3c8 unnnm 4*5 -)riodgv,vsxeach cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of i tih. r e;e ygbr:**dnl38vwx2ce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entro) c0fzcsq(lt;9 40upswtr7 x ipy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isot jylz,vbfp vq600ln 6.hermal expansion and its entropy chang.vb fll6pvn ,j0qzy6 0es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at +qdlzy7 ,+lncjl0 p a-ijx-t 2$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.