The process shown on tix4l1ex.lui kb/,( irhe T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change in*3jb.u zg w5io

  When the first law of thermodynamics, onc:8 h)rkn)s $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its c3s,xme1 9xq0.uranu p2:xv rtemperature. This e3ranmuxcxsv :0 q1x.pu, 29r process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isother/qxjnajl+ck7 : 5j ,cmmally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. Wh+j5cmqn kj7a c,x:j l/at is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to ona1itp0thu19ec*-s ly8l:rbn/f yfx3 v 1c l*ne-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final prvn yn-y ft0 us leb*cthfrlpi*lx18:19/3ac1essure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isy.gk c1 kun8d2othermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechan k2uckg1y.n8dism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an il6y etrid8b d em-y)0/solated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surlde8temir/0 )yy6 - bdroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodvea/6ezqoh+vkd3( efy:2 x e(ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is cq)l md+wn3ou j -cm6z: )e9ltyompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabat 3e nm+m djlw)ly-6u z)ot:qc9ic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one c( ,7igp u*snk)gbhk(e * qddz.ontains (dn . , qbp*shedg(7guzk) i*k$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that o .ua/4jvqxx*l3o.u;+xvqelb0k- yaf i x ;l9jne containsv94*yxxjk0 aa/ u+obi;. ;l lf u-x. qevq3xlj $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diag:d1d7 mrw hqy;ram is an

  In an isobaric process, there *9k m)e/)la tr2h:e *hez7 zqwyfkcv2 is no change in

  When the first law of therme-1xmx* jmwl; td1bn*oke4v2odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at ct 8)2m1:x t dp:(:f4jvuoxrhdps 6z pfonstant pressure as heat is added to it. This procesh t m:ux:ptv(dp:fzp2os416 dj) fr8xs is

  Ten joules of heat evhd p,l iv8)-cwt q:z4nergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant phtvw 4-q8v,lpi) :c dzressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram riywene5,*sf ,wm z18 e)oo w5is

  In an isochoric process, th bakp 2ivxf0:pw28v r,ere is no change in

  When the first law of thermod 0xcpnk w2ma,w49p4ehevr/u0xu g49;f9 x yfoynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as he;y5pfc. ,( 2 ,oypl v9edytmr tytq7y2at energy is added to it. Th9 m,fp2ldttto( yyv, ;py5c2q. ryey7is process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at codox7gewe60cb/,s wjrlr46u ( nstant vcelu664or 7,0gx wjes drb(/w olume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law o)j gs:wha zjw;n7* cvi54m-p of thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cr:)j 4(hweovcs(1hn cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a pte8x-3y5ny wcold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics ow. tzvmnm+ +m4j0v 8riini 7+5mnxy:according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through thef 3k/t-)gr 19a 6z5tjfbikplc cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much wo fr bpl/tigj cf3k-)96z5t 1akrk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ra;chj g4h-s0pez18np f*. awinq; w6retio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 1-:*: qnleall +g4-z 2vnwlpgm ;vpl0a00%, the heat sink must lm:+nl4; :*znpe2 l-wqg v0-algalvpbe

  A Carnot cycle consists of-kv+rfsata1zxp memx9 (2 h):r )c6j zvm3e ;x

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law ofu2)c2zfj:g 5no y thzeg wvn4*/j yn-; thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP)v ywr91 yr 5 pjomiw:7fxv6j wc1abr;)0v64ke of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofvrxkc vj1f6w rpy;vw)r1 b4 j65 em07:ao9iwy

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratb5 -7rmz-mr 0uaezo5 hio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the 7dyj,z zkff6z8, evi/ 1(rxa xwater

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur fo/f env;v9ra;*r ci0 within an isolated s*r ;9;o/vcian0fe fvr ystem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynami4/ lz; tp--efu5kji( y .kbrhpcs.

  The second law of thermodynami z01d8jz-,cavd yo kjg4vm*z 6cs leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of he0+k+ (o ql0ptxe/-kvkt/(btbd xmzj7at is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change i-/ko+kltt 0(d/mbx+v e t zxpbj(70kqn internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5cm)sz uvhb;97.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the procu ms9h)z7b;v cess?

  The work done on an ideal gas systezl ;gxbbs:59+wj ,i- o7 acwdwm in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in i-id+s9a7b:o j ;wc xgwl bwz5,nternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is th(l0ni 2d:rnvve change in intern(il dr2v:nn0val energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while tlgh; nj8o:* rdoing 25 J of work. What is the chatlgor: n*j 8;hnge in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syf9 )h1 gi) r,iazz6mzwstem decreases by 50 J. Whatr9 i,)mz z)faw hgz1i6 is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the v./)tzm4xbwemstr a 15i9 d 8xinternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is th).w tb1 x5vemd/axt8isz rm49e heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mlk6c n eqot2jd -r3n-)aintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. Thisn c2qlr3jed-to)6- n k feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J dy:vy4 * ldlo6mk t/1fof energy is removed from it. How many moles of /fdm:l1dlok 6y4 *vy tgas are in the sample?

  A system consists of -8pplv hnj5 zc h;a255 u+2)oauajd+9tou pcu3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 70vnejk-nye)8 7e /a q9yjdx,y 1f3evk300 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencyy7-ea 3xf v k, e y1jdenynekj8v3)9q/?

  A heat engine has an mr3ji t7 .zhf99xu8 urefficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Howum ihrxfjz 7t ru893.9 much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hea;vq xybe+k-0lowp 01 ft per cycle. How much heat does it exhaukfyev+0p w ;x- 1bq0lost in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 m6xj3cbdk6 q7 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of 36bcxm67djk q each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle lgu4vha.r,k4and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the worua g4khrl.,v4k done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characzxko t84t7;cv4i tm5uw 4yt h3teristics: combustion chamt th 3v4c w4k 4z58xt7o;utyimber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charae.8w 7g u2cse 4u1obxkcteristics: combustion 8ke4bu2ow cg7.sxeu 1chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so g3dy.sn2je)yu ;yw0o far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatu0)wjyeuds n; 2 .y3yogre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us;zt;bod,2 54gsrsjv z es $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6 pn:fqz;st+p (00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generat8au4s1l : // wn +rogh5fmphares 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engin zd7vma2hx ;d4a*0 wtke which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible foolzk+)* kna0yr an engine operating between +z o)* kn0aykl$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What91x 4aruub twp:mk/2y u: deg1 is the temperature of the cold reservo9 yup:g21:x t/d mr4ekauwub 1ir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingx */1:erx fq mu2*ugkg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment ,+0qb i6wx:3pdcme lw at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each c:li+d0mc 6,wp xqwb3eycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at th(c exto9au4 6ge rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What a6g uc(9o xe4tis the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the f*qb)ph hur 83kzhe. 7y .m5a i70fmjrzreezer and expels 356 J of mmuikar*q z p8j7hzh.)37fey.rb 0 5hheat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of m*;xhn5xq fi 01jawo 4iy2 moak7z x;)ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes2h/ctbub c2 7n/n4jkc, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion h4v nvfl car69h0.aevi/ba58and its entropy change5a/6 .n8 bi0va crh vvalh94fes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at h.5pl r0qwk d .gp+j6h$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.