The process shown on the8s/ sld7 arx-zsizf giv/w/7 5 T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, therm yf uwecv*)5t dec4-5e is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,:l7 lnx5:gen6d 4ebds $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volurnh,ef ( w3dwi-8 dymc.mry l,g( .+klme with no change in its temperature. Th-c(. 8. d n(,lm fkwh+erymd,g3wir ylis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from + w7r0liyuez (u :v ;f6h -*2vej0; hdtpydpcg30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compre;wiv 67c 0h -tdz(ep fep2u+ly* ugy0;:dhrjvssed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origdy(jw* d-1mzo inal volume during an isothermal process.- d*yzd1mow j( The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durinbya us 50ex-v*g this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external m5suv-eay 0b x*echanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event,)o(df8 u a z3j5j comee6l8pk+ the gas exchanged no hekdp8fc 36u )5 (el azjooj8+meat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of t.hnrydw 6aom r*9lebr t6g020hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume 0 61j4muy /rjf.xwhzv during an adiabatic process. The finr0v. 6yj fu/ 1mzh4xjwal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that on lkyopy+76m 0ge contains7+ok60yg y lpm $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identic(4g3x t12aq 2 wlyguylal in all respects except that one contains u2g3 t2gxylyqa1l4 (w$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram if -gn yhx617 *m1q zfcu.mmxp2s an

  In an isobaric process, there is nod)vcst *g2,; ax u:kdhq; -faj change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,u)d7vhb8-uu gr 1b +on $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as he n1+ k/xre3gnyat is added to it. This process is 1r+ekngny/x 3

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample ui)86o ;z r.eam-xx2mop( 0 eelvags5of ideal gas at constant pressure. Aslvooe5 p(m 2z ms e8-exug6;. ri0aa)x a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the Pnt pb3w hzsr :s7za 755:vi+szV diagram is

  In an isochoric process9unrz gw b,m++e9zj5x , there is no change in

  When the first law of thermou b4/ q s-c(u74appyigdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contain8/sg l /unw*/s *ozsoqer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thiqo sns*so u8 */g//zlws process is

  Ten joules of heat ene8t jluk1 7 q 7mf(vq.6bgrv)iys4u:ofrgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a resultvu6:qf k71m bjofryql 4givu 7)t(.s8, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermi3wz;rgaw9cx -x+2a g zh, p4wodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hoq yvvj; lj5 fzrg,oy-c q, klsv5a )p6;*q-m6yt reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to gdu at*dy)+hxen: i h08s6 w;srbz2l 0a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accod 4 l297kbkkuording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durixox81w q kzssd9 24 iha2.2j euiy.a1eng one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this x1 84ij da 9wq.o2hy 21esxe2uis k.zacycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engicd 2wq8zubsrlv*zy xk*b61 iwj7a**/ne is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the w 9 exib4geod44p0)bnheat sink must bee edxi )b4wn ob9g4p04

  A Carnot cycle consists 6s( ycle+i/fpcown4gm*kr - 97xuk1b of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the se8sjcj+nle. s4 cond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined api6zd35j cblc17t vww7ir51zs the ratio of76p531idvjcrl wz57bi1 wtzc

  The coefficient of performancuduj76x g 2o u*d2d.ik9zt -mh9sf8ule (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the ewpk.v5v mwh-7 ntropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodlf:*r; -9wvrs f0ig9a h benk9ynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choi:0lavhkffg 9ir-r ewn9;*9sb ces applies?

Give a general statement ora-1n nk,fo. of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concluy/h9n+ds3-xwkmhb u 8 ufq j ,fq:2py;de that

  During an isothermal proct/duvyh- *w 3u:gg zk1ess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the ck-g/t: whvdy zu1gu *3hange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is qdsteqq7 wt*b+o 0zokq9mb9d h+3d29 removed from an ideal gas. What is 9b9 7obqo2*dzht+tqwk+ qe9s3qd dm0 the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an i *).a vlr fgymar-h g8ffe+.mqr)5js7 sothermal process is -400 J. What is the change inf8y rm a)m +* )r-q7lh.gfsf.rva ge5j internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. 73ko1p nzxx4v )o( ipr What is the change in internal energy of the 4nv o xx3i)7k (ozppr1gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process vspyl0izy d*zd r7/ ;b2u4oj) t5o8vz while doing 25 J of work. What is the84d5rzv 2syp0vly; izu d j)z/o *bot7 change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. f cg1 ain9t6.sw- 0nwsWhat is the wonn wa9-fisc6 g1t0.w srk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy oyd l 3h4:kyhsa:,a4sfsyqp: pasfz, - n7s5h)f a system decreases by 50 J. What is the h 4, :-kypa)fafy4zsh: hsh7s5:,3a snldqpy seat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constan3l - 0reqcrut(t volume as it is cooled by 50 qre 0r( l3c-utK. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K s.n 6 :tc h8j54t.olie+xuwtm at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the isjl6w 4h.tt8e 5n+t.xc mou: sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of lr8 th ju do(7kj9cl-:water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. cq6nt crkom kb.( 2n87 What is thc8bn mq7k on6 2t.ckr(e efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J z;fsuwz5dw .o)k6z o5of heat per cycle. How much workfukzo5 zd.wzo56;w )s does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3s-3l tm2z6de )nc qxuf/c*/bp 5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. H/)stxu/*m-b dc3q2nep 6z cflow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculrjso8n hm.6x6xfmy1wx d7 u 2105nsmyate the efficiency ofd oxm 560 jmh1ux s1.286nrnmfsy7x wy each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhau 9a4* 6d;+iqsvlf kp:nh y/iaxsts 42 kcal. Calculate the work d ;kyhfpvid +:s*ai q/94xla6 none each cycle.

  One of the most efficie2-m( j 8+ovybk6gijri nt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tikj2+(i 8g mr-vo6bj yemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engineh imw* ;(myi wngx8r;8s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temgxmmnyi8wwh r i 8*(;;perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the x9 hyz(-sqji/rowt 36 following characteristics: comburtqhi y-6xj (z/3 w9osstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW c :qwuzt(vhw 9 vg2bl1y 1(lc4of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates es ekpnhms5f5y37 c43 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr9b0y,v- wk xadic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between ckbo)yhy65 6i $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoreticaloo 6j eu)an(8u/qqq uw//g5mf efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe u//jq5wonf()/8o m6 qa gequuen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the c9ylsz2,pe-zmmsy, k1old reservoir if the temperature s,lszp-,2kmez91yym of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatijlk m3r dqjt/9,6ll1gng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compart7f8 ,aa,ripqujnd 8y8*k+1zly 5 v czpment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cy7 p nr ,lfyadp8k8jzcuv+,a18iy5 zq*cle?

  A refrigerator removu6z )pte 06 q)ccidnp(es heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cnt( idce6q)0 c)ppuz6 ycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat --gr)(g,yh wmr0r opufrom the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inpu0 o-)rghmrw -(,yg prut is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy wh15qippd:,jctn, flfa7i-7 hhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entro-k;v f-2 pze3c v)lqbgpy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at Svjxco;4uw5 c, TP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes bcv jx o;uc45w,y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at h2a*:hfygwwjv ; 41et$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.