The process shown on the T-V graph )khw;4)gfn rg0g o4 jqis an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chanb- 7run3wlkxcere1/+ ge in

  When the first law of hohy* o -qgp tlpm( *4ipon702thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to thjqglrm k/ cvyx81242wice its original volume with no change in its temperature. This process i c/klgr4v 8h22qy1m xjs

  An ideal gas is compressed isothert :ez1s 3 ( fu+seiq7vra7)vmzmally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of invmz:3 utreqes )iz7s +(7 1vafternal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o3( rbhv b:j.cyriginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of thbh3:cvbr j(.ye gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this procr-x olaup*-.x2si/fupk 8j: c2u2ka zess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expp:u u pak2s8z2/axo. k *f clurjx-2i-anded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compdhtp;rdsj; (8 tk+(elressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with+e(tdjp (;l ts8hdrk ; its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynami-9xj+a z0( gezmkoo3ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volu gw-erxpkytt5e03: 0 c+szq* mw6aot/me during an adiabatic process. Th6 w:ytxz 53-m* qoak0 ee/+t0cprtsgw e final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that on(:dplws) bg 6be containsdwp g b)(l:bs6 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of n01zu,n)xx iav fpp;6 gas identical in all respects except that one contains)nu1pp0n ; xavzf 6xi, $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is an q2 use2e ;m1uk

  In an isobaric process, there i/v anahhv o2 6vih;p(.s no change in

  When the first law of thermoua vme8 g/ j367co(ykadynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at coczm0 rq -i3ewytk8;q1 nstant pressure as heat is added to it. This proc 80 try;mic -q13wkezqess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal p 9 v3s(zhyp(qp ; of*bdkj89cgas at constant pressure. As a result, the interna 9*h(8b fs3pp djqz(yp;vok c9l energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is xwy;vai k47yj bs:b (1

  In an isochoric process, there is no c :8ih,fkvipb,hange in

  When the first law of ther,b:nd881j8gmmul sv vb b5+dxp qy2)emodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container thatbeb w, vzd2o3/*(mvgz cannot expand as heat energy is added to i (gv, be3 bdvz/ozmw2*t. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are ff3/riy5.ak0 1kt-i6o n bl8mpnay f)transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant va./aly yo tik5k0nr 6mfi3n)fp1f-8bolume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law on mr6bh.)s e62x(rhyc f thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir tiupvqmed2;h7 17kk2b2/tk l io a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer hevn8my30 .vu-s xz qfe0.hs p,aat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thernz+k55 6ffc 2r zn+ akber+/zhmodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durin c.kvsg- ve+4b cyy2mvs,p0( sg one cycle, how much work is dony0vvck g-ym., bspvs 4es (+c2e by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine 2fg 9t su4ij3n*sqp2+ eqjl.ais defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, th vyq) v,le96vje heat sink must bvqv,v96) e lyje

  A Carnot cycle consists oiqb 8rc7xyrkp xg b 4467w+vc(f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamit * ;2y9tike8sn) e67jflammtcs.

  The coefficient of pe2 e1)knsm ux1d;q)aclp,edbzo )df) 6rformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ox)c ko n ;d1)fzms)1qdb,l) euap2ed6f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pumpemwf4*x+t.iswt6/os+ xt 5wd is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wvpmpiu( i 1(j.ater

  According to the second law of thermodynamig+ f3 .zt(2kdho2 mcn4k pms3acs, for any process that may occur within m3nhk3o ( 2 cd2mg4t .sazfkp+an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second (q+ gb3vitnr, law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamicstxrufyyw/mq30g8 );ounv 81 o1)x wtm leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ;dnah akqhy:;q)jk,; cpw e:4ideal gas. What is ; a ,kce4 w:q;qap:hy)h;nkjd the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal procehj46( hl1us d(dgl5s v;ag:zdss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in;6ggls (4d(s1j5:hu dvhda z l the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermbjp w7qi5m8x*f,t6hh al process is -400 J. What is the cmb*658 wtf i 7j,qhpxhhange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is thebd1ue- a1zdr) mkq4:d8cxi+wx 77xft change in internal energy of the gas?7 7wid8f4e bxuq -x:)zm11dx kratc+d

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of lm53qvbtp *l tc.g6rt6 ey;+ework. What is the change iyl636g*;bvt mptr ee+ .l tc5qn internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syu sj7+ahmwu3kdw 8rd05w5gk a ,e,i e.stem decreases by 50 J. What is the work donekd+3d ,se7.j0ewaagmhruk5 w wiu 8,5?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energa5yh()spn d(sy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is )5dynp(( sshathe heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume a57z2 vwfny2cdv u-;dts it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much wdt nyuf2-c 5wvvz72d;ork is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at cons3ku (hxbbc 39ytant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moleb( u 3y93khbxcs of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wate kjxwx)+z 13pwr at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in e)f evtrsyjxift03b *mv/ 32 4yi7uwt *ach cycle. What is the efficiencf3 u2x)/iyrt*tsbet4 *y0 fwv3 m7 jviy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of g cca(*(0m+/izp xpcdl1k2 i7qeos ;l 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Higpd(alzl;*i1m/+07 qp ccc( 2 oke sxow much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J w) sq-tva0z4u of heat per cycle. How much heat does itwsqz tu)4a0v- exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyclevpk2nu4gf/wb g 5o.7z and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eacp2wozk/gnvg4 .7 5fubh cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyc jvsnbr/a75zie; cy73 le and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate 7czjr3e a/iys7;vb5nthe work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient e: uejaqc34g.- 5h mfsbngines built so far has the following characteristics: comq45cmfg sbu: 3-ah.ejbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterij,i)dw zutm4:stics: combustion cham:iw ,d4zjumt)ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followit, 3u8 zc( aohh7a7vxoz0uj/zng characteristics: combustion chamber tempe7zzch av8(, a juzo0ux 7/3htorature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of b4*fx9wuc8a g, cqn1 b g7*yj82d lpxyelectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generatesfyn5:mkl6y )f ,hn3l28q a ,jkmp+ox m 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Tlqb8n;36tvz c he plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which ovdu .qp;m1)cjperates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiqbq n/k 2n5fd(ency possible for an engine operating betweqbfnk n 5d/(q2en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is :ht-pd fds(+gw9z zf./1bf2tu;u uoi 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold:dpf1 htu. u(fg 9 t;uz+w-dis/o zfb2 reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingkax 66rqws +3hufn8* p between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removet;m3wzii;( fs s heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ andmiitsz ;fw3 ;( ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment)3uv -hb6/jmtk1vfiz2l + qzn at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is tlv+k21/nq)-bivmz6zjhu t3 f he coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J 5 ei3rqa60s gd62yah zof heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work5h0ey da6s2ira 3gq z6 input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt atf+.poh(4qa e kr0bx6 8rzk i3s $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entsspjih,j/+ 3 cg;w8cjh * bh+zropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entril6q-3ryx79 aqfw , iuopy ch3q i a -l76,yruqwfix9anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at u:mi+7 bcph s+:zdc8o$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.