The process shown on t9si3(fphbswg 0 5ji r1j+:tvz-- vqabhe T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, theret*eed.3l2 w9w pkb ;sa is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynam*:5yq;6nf, vvy vong i odv.z8ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chang1 fce 4ta-v1e3. rufmae in its temperature. Thimce e3 14t-fv1afa.ur s process is

  An ideal gas is comp+nm teq5/ h 36 mkbq7m;d0m jm9uy*lqhressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compm7qmnjdbhthl9q6 5/eqm*k+ 0 3 my;m uressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during anui0 r(h vzh(j+ahl08j isothermal process. The final pressihl0r(u hj a08jv zh+(ure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this procep,1bnrq6)eznd4 zj9 ess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which1d9p4),zqrnzj b ee n6 of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed m,j glr457 gvqin an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process i7 ,lqrgm5v4 gjs

  When the first law of therm-;tqjh8 baum(c -yn29.ws tvhodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its76t9sbb 4 )nxzn ujgdve9+ )hh original volume during an adiabatic process. The final press+7xbejnt)z hvn4h9gbusd9 6 )ure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gasek b5 ;cs8p/fo identical in all respects except that one contains eo5k f;ps bc8/$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respqz (g.qu.most+4 zw:pects except that one contains soqmu.zwz+(tg 4.qp :$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on t s0 2jjhs/pjdl8 +k;wthe PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there isxp:3fkpvt; ,lx: e qf2 no change in

  When the first law orst* 0iugf +z 0)bj-cef thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is add9 in 5c29qjg zdd)sv3fed to it. This pr9vgz9csi 35jfdnq 2 d)ocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of j7*pjz72vi*v2a nw mqideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, 7j*mn pzjv vaiq*72w2 the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diag,cgf: e5 annr:ram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change inie(8ug5 njso8abka ox0 z(y/-

  When the first law of thermody d3mlyaqi*:c0 namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container,*t05e)l 1 hakxi ingy that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process i0a,il )xitg 5* ney1hks

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas atutebws435 eg : constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas5 tw4 s3ee:gub

State the first law of , r+uxo98 lj0y6za wuythermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hoceap..,byjx: +:wor.x*nr j lt reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer h/w -bxh/a5bfveat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodyn6e ov9;,xshd 1zsbk6p ./ odhjamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle iw zjb,xp4g:8 snp+a e))+zknh llustrated here. During one cycle, how much work g:j nx8+k)an w+4hzz )sb p,epis done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is d;+(eglw n ei+8+oxwk nefined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to b*dx p;g zt76x-7zjn jae 100%, the heat sink must batz6 jn * jxd7g7z;p-xe

  A Carnot cycle consistsp5(7ob(gihq qph ),c q of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamiz1vffyv5x 4sd 2l,bf9 hpax42cs.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator p 75op51g.abdi jkx1sd-n)ueis defined as the ratio of5i1-o ds)xp5d gkb1nj a.7uep

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a h*,nn7)ybh f kceat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the water)ohyjpc0)4jvr xy g72onz m)6

  According to the second law of th,/ipd xj+8;w 6fscnqhermodynamics, for any process that may occur within a8,wpq+;xc shi njd/6f n isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamixwwkzb e.d0o--fb;f 0cs.

  The second law of thermodyn,4 okmtx2u .h) y-o0w 8iaxntwamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 w8noepaag,y4(r.rw/l q*sc 0 qip-m0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thierrc4p0 q/ qy.-n*pmw,ga waols(80 e change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal proces1+y:cjio9dbr(:olan 7bb8 g/e2 /q mi+lkuwq s, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in wlbj8m+qb orc21a ekq (lgo9byi:+d7uni:/ /the process?

  The work done on an ideal gnv:xe m7lc/6 b+vv s3was system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is tv c +3l6vx/ewnsvm7b:he change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is doni9u9k7r3nkx ojwrzt/9 i5 os3e in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change inw rokji zktu 3i5o79ns 99r3x/ internal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wok.ar1 yn bnd*4ys m37-u r10z1hqvjjx+qs8e vrk. What is the change n bu h1kzyr1 q.s-er vq+d8 3mjyv0j4an 71*xsin internal energy?

  In an isochoric process,f8)f0i; mr u1tdmlr;s the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wf)idf18;tru0; l smrmork done?

  In an isochoric process, the int u s-raz heh6gf)i8*d*.fxq-wernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hefrdqz.euh)6i-*hw - a*f sx 8gat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant voow;(v yblx m16 g/ve-nk-ucwfzv,8v1lume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished bfn8k 1oyuv zx ,; 1b6ve lmvw(cw/g--vy removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constan eg x7ocb*/7* xk5gvplhj a9. r1d5bjvt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in 17*r5k5 jpb xacg.vj 9beo/v x7*gdhlthe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wateri- ayxjl:9 5ho at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 30me2cy t4kx5k :00 J in each cycle. What is the efficienx mcet4k 5ky:2cy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency d (pe/l5 h:vymof 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in ea/ ydp5(m:vlh ech cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiencylxjwh7x n. gjr5+hb57 of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust xn77hhj jbrl+55w. xg in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle ad77wcg 4u v*fwnd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency4uwdcg*7fvw7 of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. b12k, p:cq3l3dlsxcayp 5u(e 2sh*op Calculate the work de3 ,bs1o3lp cpy* adplsc22 5ukxh:q(one each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristic6 +a s0satjrs a6euuy 0 nb3kkf9(9be5s: combus9k(a6ar9esf ts0+ uuje 0yk63bab s5n tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient en ueij y )yvlm :96w7m1d*ig(eogines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperat(:m 6o1 mwjuyyg*)9liv ied7eure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines buzqwm- 7 )9)0tdvxi tqhji04li ilt so far has the following characteristics7mil40dvjq-0)h zwx)iti tq 9 : combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses pmfk m)ym h-mrhd s/i r* b3yw12r(16m$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant ges).d, jtvtx g*nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW *nu4 g16yayfv9b )o tx*e,bz:bzp1ewof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enu 3rplf,p2d9jgine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical effi4 ccp*9; 15xzy8wfklluas,xue1mbw 9p dbc9 .ciency possible for an engine operating between41yml.bex95az, k* d;9lus cfwcbw1 x pu89pc $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.ye)6*iua m qc40%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reser4*yu)mcaeq i 6voir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating bq +7(awx.nioa4 : exbietween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freduw*ym+3uds)svg).lak,g fm-m3a p (ezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 ua.y*(su ,wdl3-)g s)a3+m kvmgmd fpkJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate owcfl/fj 2-uc (pl;. vof 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the co / vfl cl2;opw.-u(cjfefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat froz kq-fdl i3c 3s8e)gm,m the freezer mz 3 -,sdki)3egc8 lqfand expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when c9efz c:t-3hh50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the b. nbxbt2 5f 1fzhfqj.;c ih9f8j(, sbchange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion adf(j, axugx8kb 62gh 3nd its entropy cha3(hu ,d2 a8g6xjbx kgfnges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 2spqu8y )g8,q0 * bve v7uwqlm$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.