The process shown on the T-V grap z.h caq:b)mlbsy5 *l+r2zc; gh is an

  In an isothermal process, bbg, +2 bne(,gsxrdz17u1.i s,wf z wrthere is no change in

  When the first law of wr107sbfjg+m thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its ori v2hqm)gr2be9d8td+ )dy6jdgd5xy a9 ginal volume with no change in its temperature. This proceyabh5q)2 j9+r9)6dgdvdd mted g 8y 2xss is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothmw4p e,rr sl85ermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external4rm 5,8psrwl e mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its or )gxlnbh i ckya(39;n.iginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the gabi.h)3yk cln9(xg ;nas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from wmar1z3 w)1kf6uu 62b8dxb tsd:-gyh20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. )sdu 8 d g6xwr12bz1 h6w-kb:mftua3y Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During tf1o1x hm1cz9c he event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thim1c9ofx 11ch zs process is

  When the first law of thermodynami52dn1huz (8umma - ijecs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressep 6 z09 9xl:lawor7dhed to one-half its original volume during an adie0lrlp h9d z96x7: owaabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylindersft/a73v0oo x n of gas identical in all respects except that one contains t/o3x0 oavfn7 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in .a.y1j5cduwx all respects except that one contains c.au5.x d1wj y$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV :yiotts s)7 l0diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is non,m;jdvw, v3xz jn,iny:;1zz change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,0k/cee-5vdlm4 es 92z wu1lho $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat isue/wa s 5 c0u-r8vxx0a added to it. This process 0xe0w vxuc 5a- rs/8auis

  Ten joules of heat energy aogt aqjcp,)x0c ;+t5h re transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gagh0+j5)co;c pt ,a xtqs

  The process shown on the ve 274,6/e;xmw unln/ -py hwzjwr*yqPV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change ingkd2tt,ft,: h ( un+af

  When the first law of tx a7rbq)8 4slfhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid v cz:8png+ cbul6hc1 *container that cannot expand as heat energy is added pvzblc*:g1c8 6h c +nuto it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at co.bb*i /w9pkdl nstant volume. As bkb .*d/ipl9 wa result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermody6()r0aoiofg h(nr3 lr :j:e arnamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hod *h6vjq c1x7gm9ivm1cbn8*yt reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from al/a c *o: qhjn)3,ov+tgem9sl cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to j.ve*r.. bjg-runr.jClausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustradtri9,lccq,+1 m u o.h2dc4u/d un) dbted here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cy un/rc)cq c4 ,l,1o hudddt9.u2mib+ dcle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratiozla sl391 h7fp of

  If the theoretical effic 62lz o2y:ebeyiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b2bl6zy: 2eeyoe

  A Carnot cycle consists 2psa:6c7l r v7 c6cinnof

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermow k sh2k0v m+7+c9srkgdynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator qz 3iy /m:iiv 8i1/noais defined as the ratio o/3 1ami:8iiqzvy no /if

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pu9r 8,rwz(.kvadu zi/ fmp is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, theee 9 krpszc .6xy)i4g6 entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, f bt-vvm5.a1h mor any process that may occur within an isolateh5abmtv. 1-mv d system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics.ue/ wca 8crx23

  The second law of the0* mo ebibjm2(rmodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal x8h(aq 4plzdf)5hd2m process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in i)5pdx(da8hhlq mfz2 4nternal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from atxxn18mjvg) q. z2nble:0 uy5n ideal gas. What is the work donen2lxut 8.e1y j5q) ng0v:mb xz in the process?

  The work done on an idkl uiqs1 )c3(geal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in in(cskui3)gq1 lternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressin8s5tp0 rsgzcq6x2ux 16z qh ,fg a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the ga6fxs0zszgt,x ur 628qhc p q15s?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while zq4)espa 9qko14(bf az b:c0ipkpqm+7 v 0a0hdoing 25 J of work. What is the change in in eapq9+(zbhicqap4 a:)f op m0z4 bqk70 ks0v1ternal energy?

  In an isochoric process,4hakj ljde x39sr9g7 8bg i*n1 the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wk34lsg9 8gd * 17b inexrjha9jork done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal e(znbg ffc 3dgt9l,8x;x;dcu 5 nergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hea(g;xu,dfbzcc ng;385xlf d t 9t exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at 8tuak 5z dgz*4constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 Juzk5*4d z8agt of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when bkj6f 64u-*duxe gtx 4831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the4k*6ef utx-u6b4gdx j sample?

  A system consists ofw05 fg3 uah+bi 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J orveue73*kfpz) a.tn s7,;l re (vj.ftf heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencyun( 73vv lz*ae)t e7t. frf ;.,epsjkr?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recee5/6yz vbzeo-ives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muchbeev /z5zy-o 6 work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 d t)i028cvzx5 txpzd4J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in ex)4 cvtz2dizpd 08t5xach cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatf57**2z xz3ivi lf ujxe the efficiency of i *xjfx3l z2fv*zi57ueach cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an(nhum: + z j9:icu,arwd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work donh, n+c:u(:iwjm r9uaze each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteris 6)+ tuzfq rtgn63xc0z:3ae3nvrlo9a tics: enz3x9a6tc33 :z 0 qaronft 6+)g lvurcombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characte:q-zyo1t ;xneristics: combustion chamber q1-:;yxtnzo e temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactege,p 5hf n;5vlristics: combuegp ,;hf l55vnstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of k( ,9u1l 6jpj,jkront blclh3( wb2,belectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elecdmnr dw 3a8ln-5d dnf0:ce 1v;tric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant gehe rf.1(z+vnm nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whiclb0u ,o)sm a*r wp-ia0h operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficih: p5l+taak: th y.l)iupu z47ency possible for an engine operating betweeppl+ ).akhtyh :7i4 :z au5ultn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Catc4rdvsyy75 3+0x:8 c mq tkdkrnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature o :c53s8q7 ck4 dktvyxrd+0t myf the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betw8e cnx d7pnh;-ffmu, .een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kz-l z;/ dpuup/ ic( tz)vq:ahtx (/bp8J and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle:tdlxa(zzh (pu;/- pz8ucb) qi v/ t/p?

  A refrigerator removes hgwln);lk f/dm8 i:bh3eat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ int8wm:h 3lgbni lfk)d /;o a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator abs()z1top r3ztf zjd-j/ orbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat fotjrz31 /p zzt()jd -to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of kd9+bgh oao4+w6:nypg5 n6r q ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrg u nmlhx:r7z79:;j-nq xi9re opy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expans9ml.dunw)2 0mr5bg enion and its entropy changes . wnru5mlb0 gd2e9)mnby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at kf(qxtq;u;3 g v5qmyb 0 r5xgs6;lm+l$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.