The process shown on the T-V graph is t9cnv07 j a-gklk 7pi:an

  In an isothermal process, therheh /dqvk 1 dm504s/4 . mj,nqmd6qzbfe is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicj+:f qrsc -r5es, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no)qg9w6z ygm(r nv 2y; lleibfjk+3n1. change in its temperature. This process9. qlkrfg;) 3(jeibzv wn6y y2+1ml ng is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During bw/s zw6br0df*8f )tz this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this ga0fz* 6z8) tbwbsr /dfws?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half gf l) g)kx)k x hp- etsf.(747rpgqko+its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure + o-rkg.xge g7xp f))ph(lkfk7sq) t4 of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this m1. ppx55 ecy b.s6nf / b-ulgvr-uh1pprocess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the 1-rfxbu6 /b hep. luypgcn1s-5p5v m. gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in awcxh:yi8a.fxp6-s v8n isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with ita fs.- 8xyh86cpw: ixvs surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of.ysnt9qw 9t l+ thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adpfm /iz0 qdok ;, -nez.dg//hh/tld*fiabatic process. The fin,o/ zd 0. d;ek qh/ifg/d-/tpzn*mflhal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respem -jg6tkrsi3eu q/ ,(mcts except that one contains( u 3,ti6kr-egjm/ mqs $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinder7huwq qgzg+wu*mz:6 1s of gas identical in all respects except that one contains 1z7h :z6w+*muqgw qgu$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram lb8k3mj xr75tis an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chivp+k/qf;x*8u c.*bd rxb+oxm sbt +1ange in

  When the first law of ts)a0am + 80lnl-kp avthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as hea;p7apbs;2cep :4q) rmd 4wxl wt is added to it. This process ise ;p 4xalr;pm 4wc2b:d 7)sqpw

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constantm0 ny05h:u uaqzcd;57svek;y pyhq0ukm55;su ; c:7vez0 aydnressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagra e+i qzr*zmdzh 2(ba-6o2k)lzm is

  In an isochoric proce9 -lezbs*y ia(ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermo0edm bi,vq/rg4 r.od4dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containeiu)oq,59/bp tnapwi .*l3v uer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to 9qvw.uo,5t3b pne p i/iu)*l ait. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constl;5sxne,m - n17 dprd;oh e/auw+t/tpant volume. As a resu p+d5e rlt/d7p/no1;n;sahtu,x m e-wlt, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of,gh n 2f 3.bxmba40.tuyjg-esueqb32 thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservo xmpeq40 go1/oir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat frojwuo2. a, (v fclh;0nbm a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermoq z7r3+/moks0de c;gedynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durin 9/ qxxjigw-sa+x,sbz -(mtt0g one cycle, how much work is done bysxi,+(xqzjgm tb-wsx t/- a90 an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined 3g5sf h(hz( dw7g(vyj as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine irpsb q0t:q9r0s to be 100%, the heat sink must qt0rs: p bq9r0be

  A Carnot cycle consisn v+bms) fdf6a55j o: kfn *za7ota2tz-u s0)qts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement hn p +d3bj6k39g2vq/cem-run of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a rz 6;*i +oaqr rdtjf+n4efrigerator is defined as the ratio o+z4r jo* ;ritd q6anf+f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of ,9o n ,n;o/5b yixrecxa heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, tmky+0dh5hni y (-h+8), rm xq2db itxah7d 8mhhe entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that ;;*w )or3 rg.gb puorimay occur within an isolated *op r)3ug;gwrb;. oirsystem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second lsij j(n,r:u j1aw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclv g; d1objpya9,39gdt ude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from vyq2o:wpb;u 8x8 xr2)9k gbtbc ;wj4i an ideal gas. What is the change in intern)cb;t4p9kgy qxx o 8 8uwbr;j2w i2v:bal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J kzwu 12u+ kio93rjg+/a usp9gof heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wgu+k3+/9r iugu1 oaksjp2w z 9ork done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in t+pr 6upyz/og 4r7ccv4n0s-oan isothermal process is -400 J. What is the ch70pvu o+n-4zc y4srcoptg/6 range in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adr8j8t7t4g6 nd3 pmhi m kv81wsiabatically. What is the change in internal energy im8kt4pdwmjrvn 87s18t h 36gof the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabae3deio 55fe4 iq .;pvjtic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energp d3.o5ev4e 5eii;fjqy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of 9qhvl c rm:;hjv22lb, a system decreases by 50 J. What i22vlvch j;rq b,lh:9ms the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasesru8z) q+dpvr+ by 50 J. What is the heat exchange)pvuzq++8 rr d?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintaibunh 3+ op *qx0m70ceq2a6lyhned at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished2 m7 qh0oah*bqe6l3 x u+c0nyp by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constab janlb :6h3sy)+6rvnnt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mohb bjsa)n6+:nvr6ly 3les of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg/ nc4-k.szg km of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whatjyz0b(x ng-35pk p a8y is thejy3zx k0(pgyn -pa8b5 efficiency?

  A heat engine has an effimt36 i;d0ymvz ciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How md 3mi6tv;z 0myuch work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycl:xrbqe iw(/ab35,d mne. How much heat does it exhaebn5d :xq(/w3r,ibam ust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kx6c8uyad2q w3+i ,sd/tckskb 5r;x )mcal. Calculate the ef+qa)mksy65 tu3 k bdx iw,srd2/cc;8x ficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal od +*;7eczz wbgf heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wz*d7 e wc;g+bzork done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following czt:uw95f tr be68)5wori 0bwcvv8 wj0haracteristics: combustion chamber r)vtb 0fzutvwwr8j85bc :50 w69e woitemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines:1gep3+rfp e;pky+xp k;d9zu built so far has the following characteristics: gpe3p x1z9pp+kyfu k;+dr e:; combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient e+nme pr8j)lifx*96 p2 q/lk jijr-s4kngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempera+jps jkqer linkm*p/4l6j2x-fr )8 9iture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW oj jy-kyz+/leo3-d.xo;pn *y yf electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plmp1 h-yfn*majsq: v8l. ;yh0f ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uu,o3hze8 *dg yses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiiz1l6u;dfdy6 2 0u/ arloqsf9*gy. h pency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bq: q +f 9abbfcm7 9wocg-ntmb 47*4hthetwee g7ca4:f4q* b99b 7mh- noqbmhc ttw+fn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is thevvz3oe:a))ou i/r()r)esn u p temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot res)e )zrpoi)(v3 o/n:u )vreauservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwel3smz5q n +61w*bvg tlen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes hea.pyja6h7mt3-ady6 mn t from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work d. 3tja n mypm66a7-yhis required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the frg bso ;qm g71n,mz9gh*eezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffi*7hmnmbzg9 ;qogs,1 gcient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation,9)b 3s4,giwrek8 ehbd a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cyc b gbed3)rske iwh,948le?

  What is the change in enrnkb 6 t0d-d.otropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy i njkjk-40, tr:+0;y rn apqxsns

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gasqn9sjg6yj0 (u3sq,,uughu p- at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes ,q0(g- 3 syg pu96jhq,usnuuj by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at n t0v ;( 0hzi)ohdcaj15szp4 i$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.