The process shown on the T-V graph is anjej+e:l2pz 4k

  In an isothermal process, there isv x1z i8brszeg4qcu;* r)yv9 0 no change in

  When the first law of thu5k4fftzp)1mzt k8h, ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in dl j l 6u,b7ds8lo67jqits temperature. ou 87b jll6dldjs76q, This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally frobsz+yy(/: 6j9vwqar6vu wivnk02b 5nm 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 6a0+r/ nvqvyz5y2 ibwvn9 sukj b( :6wJ of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durin2iir 1k,zrq xyze4r.9 g an isothermal process. Ty zi 2k,x9eirrz 41r.qhe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from d v.hnq++yhh: 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following styqh h +nv.hd+:atements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the g s99at(n( iedgts6q 3mass3d(t9e t6q( iasm9gn exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamicsel8n-ds 1 8e+ nu8l 6id9qanyh, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to /,f1k9wrhfkvb ,2 wtbone-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure o9rhvw /1f,t, k2wfb kbf the gas

  Consider two cylinders of guc sbmbx(4 m60as identical in all respects except that one containsbmm0c ubs6x( 4 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinde0z))5ftd3hn*ir r6 sxfdq* tbrs of gas identical in all respects except that one contains zqd 0brff x)ttrih5d* n3* s6)$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the p),dx;qusde thp 6)h :PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no tfld-q g qj d)*w0m(p6change in

  When the first law of thes,7 bkqm 73nzhgg+ tq0rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressrt v,hk7vjh m5xej-b4ek ;b/4 ure as heat is added to it. This proces5m4bv je, 4e j-t/h7 vb;hkxkrs is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at c6gutk- br;( 1yx:rtw:,h wfxdonstant pressure. As a h wdbkxx6,uywt( gft: 1 rr-;:result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on v0.ax; ph) u)*p5xmflvcv4tqthe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no ojr 4m v5q7-pk;ot3edchange in

  When the first law of thermodynamig, i5kd-pk m /rmz4d6scs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containeec (-gri + 1l xt/gl8.8bsbow grkx4+err7y)o r that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thi-rb lw+ 4gec.tyi+k8grr1( xg7b/ o so8rlex)s process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a s;guwxh ,(tj jxo.4c b,ample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy o(wugjj.xh x,b4,c;t of the gas

State the first law of ther zlqhir r 71s;t,tik:2modynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot; bueznz*ub:+p* bsp3 reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservsnv y m3os o4zo+e1r5do4y4i *oir?

State the second law of thermodynamics acco mpegj9hsr+(7rding to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muc axa8dh9v:c n6uml 42qh work is done by an engine operating on this 42v:x mcdauahq89n6l cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engibc2* xiv(i:fy ne is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%j sz5- pb)nnb0i ;mfe8, the heat sink mu)mjn5 -pb8ef;b0ns iz st be

  A Carnot cycle consiluo/g*yhm 7, wsts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck s)g .v;xmqkhr28f.:a o mzh )rotatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of wx+3u m h-en;mp))huu a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oue um+ xpwm n)3)h-uh;f

  The coefficient of performance (.tp9smhw sw8 ()*i3f yl*f qabCOP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy owe42 h5 bgs91uek a-arf the water

  According to the second law yn/: h-cfo3hhr3h i i+of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur with : h cihyh/3o-3rf+inhin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement z2;a5z rfp drrwv/qf0il;(8 iof the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodyndiixaz7 7t 4l4 d,(uoj-9 sxjuamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed froms jkl7ieedus-qo--4 i z:t/z0 an ideal gas. What is the change in l4j-ze-qikz -0de: 7ustio/s internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 al::*dzubkc7 r lt7t1z9ri7hJ of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wor*t rt79 l1:lrdzb7ci:hazu 7kk done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal )wa+ ikzt948nyd pchq5a 2ea)gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in wh+q ) i58yap9de kca an4z)2tinternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change4g8fwacgr; sx0z 4 x1nb-fbs8 in internal ener bagr8fb-nfg0zxx1ws4 ;c s84gy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whi qe(m7u c3/u7 yu( b0axdffct1le doing 25 J of work. What is the change in ia07x( cm3/eu(f7q fctudyb u1 nternal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syst.p *hc vyol8a2em decreases by 50 J. What i2ly p.hov8a* cs the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the ints b0(or w.t2,u8cmfjfernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is,tosbf0. fjr( wcu82m the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as i75u9fpdx kj bsi; 7s.rt is cooled by 50 K. i7 kj ;7sprbd.uxf5s9This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at consta d crm/n -dhwj0r*aq)p6jbo );nt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from i0-) cw r phj*6/ q;mrojn)bdadt. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg 1;/j y2f qporwafed.:of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives u*q *5u:czo dxi.ow 5l7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the *xwl 5uuo.iod*:5zcq efficiency?

  A heat engine has an effici1h yu/bq)ahjz2 l*sm6 ency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How z2a6bhju)hym*ls q1/ much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency :u1oz8 qv pt9t* z:nl,x+uwwiof 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does :vzpwou* +utxl:z91 wt,in8qit exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle anr5hy.w8,c d hohpd o--d exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficienc8h-d-w hd5.y,c o rohpy of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 9y* q67vg1 qix uuax15/d96eg xgpqjx 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eac1jpu 5gxqvqdxyx i6gua 17 e99g *6q/xh cycle.

  One of the most efficiente l. u wgxunw-/69 jewb5)hgxn;8li;r engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tewe xg)u- je;5 il.hub gwnl6x8w nr;/9mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient ub9q)pe:k-pbengines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber te)-be:9bup qk pmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so fap+s dnr2uy4u cnk9 q,:r has the following characteristics: +ry9kundspnquc24 : ,combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantvxz lu(b,fx :053gv3 4 v emxqe6jue.p uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric poweb /u6lb) ih0:0x:; /ccsnawaeny6 r ebr. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of lzjzk dh3 nn6g5*k/,celectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engih)zt)if9p3j bp jo9r*ne which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible fx7df- ngickq7z.;n- jor an engine operating betw7i-xg-q.n; fn d kjzc7een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatureeoyb ;r ie;o wvg;57hvv1 ab-/ of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the ho1vo;ra e ;/v 7bg-5;obw evyhit reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwee4 eyq0)musm 8mn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ nvk57 c+ tdzjn8,jtfh fx39ths) f.(kand ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much wojj3n) 5fnt9. 8 ktc,+7tdsx kfzvhhf(rk is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freez (7g (v6la-teporrf 3iing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Wh -tfgrp(lri (36 oa7veat is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refri8n hzgqgd8q*5.xc zq3p:gc y7gerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heaq*3g 8qh:gzz 87gy5.cq pd xnct to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g o 7uzvh2d1 .3nd2u- ljl+va mzjf ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the fetbt ,5mqvs0 zb 0ls1 p1*m4lchange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its en0yc6rzz-b (ai tropy z abir(06yzc- changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at aoy)m q-3cn(3 /scm. amd+yyx $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.