The process shown on the T-V graph is an,a4)cwdj 8q yu

  In an isothermal process, th vv9n 3 +vkqs3mbfep04ere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyny7++c +tuctzzxsi5h7amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume (h;ync 9 n vseo4+gqwt..l dw:with no change in its temperature. Tyq n+: ;..ghoecwlw9t4vdn(shis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally frou b2lff(glqvxfw)c9cw- +3z7 e-pc5 im 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that co q 2)pczugf+ ( cix b5l-3fvw79-cwelfmpressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orm f8h dmx1h3zdz99 -m-sp ;yvdiginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressur1mhhd3y s-9 z; xmd8m9z pdvf-e of the gas

  An ideal gas is expax .lqqqpq5zalj kh+t3ab+3 ,;nded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statemen+3bqat ,5 ;3ljlzaqhx+pkq.qts is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an iszateuj0r . .o,.uxeh;olated environment. During the event, the gas exchange .tuuo0j,.;x . zhaeerd no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of ,1sol t2tv7oy thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas4d9sxr/bhr6g is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fih d9r6sg4 /rxbnal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of s37sob- 5t.dyx+4 7 jhszroms /f t4mrgas identical in all respects except that one contains +srms oz r o3f/y5hsxts77 tj4b-.dm4 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders7o0ha d.iz8 a whspf4) of gas identical in all respects except that one contains ih4)a 8awphs7dofz0. $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diag;/vh9fe3kpc-ze , dp d9oakj*ram is an

  In an isobaric process, there;;dp namb; 6nkj4b1zs is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, 6i +y jx)qax5y$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as hp 6glk8*j wj+weat is added to it. This process8 wp6 wg*jlj+k is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constvs(3aj l1r7pkant pressure. As avjp 37 1kal(sr result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on zi(7z*xlrow + xe vo1-i3 -thcthe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric proc a p*zrrpzlx 7yj;.17wy fj.v(ess, there is no change in

  When the first law of ,pixmqo 1ogsmi nrp8k( 69)y)thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that c/+vek )t/ wpzwki l2.zannot expand as heat energy is added to it. 2kp+w/v z )t.wki lz/eThis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idkhaq4 aei1i j-wwe3;/ eal gas at constant voi4ej;w/q wah 1a-ke3ilume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law ofb42n7x2 c0tt ez+quv/,qtkxvby( +w u thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reseru9yalyn3 5pkz )6:)wzyg 9xmqvoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reser4tb29 ut3 t uta(1hmvrvoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accor 1 kg gg o,fc/wze(; cmz:l(mhmcj9s16ding to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustratwhkx8* sjhl .p00w):s+ hm jfhed here. During one cycle, how much work is dohls . s xkhhp8w)j0*m+0w:jfh ne by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defines2f4 jwkd3,4gzgf 25nuqz6 nrd as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mxpm;m*m o4:0xm(rrq ius ;4 xmr mxq*0io(r:mpmt be

  A Carnot cycle consists o7fr 1 zk) u3luq1/ uho amimekxwf-+0/f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the s oki9;eai,:p5 wl cow ysy+:r6econd law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of pem hkh. r,3s mhu;,z5 cwop/8zgrformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of /cmokuzh 3hm5,pgh8w;z s,r.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is v2ys2(fh6+ys: t e hhddefined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the ew 7spc+bux1 )3rjl,xrntropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may7 b ulu.j6:bq 9milkk1 occur within an isolated system, which one of thebkjm:9k .qbuull 6i17 choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of th-87jmlngogrl8b9 g7 aermodynamics.

  The second law of ther,e (ggsj/(to bmodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What nd* cubngpo: l( ;*zw)p.b) ot.w6h byiw6.ub w*cl:d b p*z;)ogpy.tobn()hns the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal proces4v noci yxhlu2m8p*q *+d/f)r s, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the4f2cnh8r*o */qi xluvd+ym) p process?

  The work done on an ideal g(en) ,d 3byw-wojyk/q as system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in i( jo-y3q,yebn)kd w /wnternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change i fde:9sx/cr q7t(aq p,n internal energy of the gas7q c:psfxt /(a,r9eqd?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is t zu5d1v 3.wmowhe chanvzoww .5 m1ud3ge in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internalaqy+h1ary9ou952g 2 k: ktmfnaqz):u energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whauyurnm a5z1 q+q 9y tga2f)kao 9:2k:ht is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bqp: l6m5gpc,s y 50 J. What is the heat exchag, p5:plmsq 6cnge?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mai5c v7b6rc5zajoni67pjqpjb54b : ( dr ntained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 Kjrqpv 75jb r di(bpo5n: 665zb4cj ac7. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cxq7u yy4smr5gq x71/ eooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are5ug/q sy1xrxq 7m74y e in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of w la s*t*s 4lge73ws(i4m-bkcab5d4n fater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is tr(-3cerrqq9luq 8 , sthe efficiency9 strq(3,cr8-lq urqe?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and reu ellae70akpzlp7/)2vy)52 pw 2n)xpx6ixq kceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eac/l)0 xpuiyz)p2 627akxal)lv72 k ep 5 xnwepqh cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency o h bj(-)d/hugxf 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doe ujbg(x/h- d)hs it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaust/kiy 3u hbjl.( w rdc6qdb,tw0o0i0 9ks 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each k0r30 0ht j (q.uidw6ibyl/kbo, c9dwcycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each c 8oh)*3f/fig fkvwg 5yc7r)bjycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the v *5 frgify7chk8/3wo)) gbjfwork done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following c-r104 kss w f2z7nnwwoharacteristics: c w2zwn 4rk f7o-wss1n0ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foc7ji(8y,07z psh g6; nebqzktllowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature zpz b6,hq7s7j(kgn8t;e iyc0 = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far haskc ss f4)t9o 4w59av/gvcc(en the following characteristics: c()v 5ow4gc sk9ct/ f9nsavce4ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant g lq wgsqokc;x0*1 f*7fenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The sf s5nb48/hkpxx:5hcht .r 9pplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electzc i(7-.brqbnoxko di d* ip:8bm6 /3gric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of a yd5dd2qifka022voi (y-3jpz n engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencgb7n5;p4 oskg y possible for an engine operating between bg4k 7sng 5o;p$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a gtpv m(m+ f/ r10 fo0ohd.gpj0Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tempep0mfmor. o0/+j 1(tphv 0gg fdrature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating stfs3* ,o.jsx )rw+ndbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freevg ralw/g+ z6lr(*v0ku ,h4w3y/litv0bno j(zing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eaclgb0u3n o*/ikv jwvw, ylh( vlr04 + (tz6rag/h cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 2btt jfd( 13eb20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient ob2f3t(1 djbet f performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorb6fc*t ,cm4u jzs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to t4 cfzcj6u *t,mhe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change i +wh41bs s/dkvn entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, -nf40kg azq6 *xg9 xawthe change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansionfgezd6q9-fr . and its entropy changeq6ed-9rfz. g fs by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 95 rhs mzoc/(xj6 sp9e$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.