The process shown on the T-V graph is fg4p4 1h ;0pctm+ky mcan

  In an isothermal process, there is no change 7q+vnwv rd 9 9cc;g1-aqnz jy7c;o+lzin

  When the first law of therm/6h-my a2dkhiodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume oua b*3uqaw39with no change in its temperature. u39a w*qa3 oub This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this proc65ly:r,t0e tdre sn 3gess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by thge 6 e:3,0n5 yrtdtlsre external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isotherma u30y f n;sdtps+ui9bk4-bk8xl procektydb0pssu 8 f3kn9+ui;b 4-x ss. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 22 *hwn g3 pqvecj/w6x;0 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expendge c2 j6nx;wvwq/h 3*ped by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. sbgu/(xii q)g6q 7r/m During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proces g/i 7rmu)s6qqgb( /ixs is

  When the first law of thermodyd9+k, e2e/n m4zmld vjnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half ito:linpiu- rs 9kq+ 0)ns original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of thqoi surk+i n l)pn9:-0e gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contaie/ 9i 6vn5uexgzn5;g ljl(6fdns 5g z 9n e5g; xjln/evldiu66f($O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except 6s(lnniunel:pz1nph2g pg2 64q /9kl that one contains iep 4 nhglgukpp6nl9 /6:z2n q2 n(1sl$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on thh1 j99g;n ofoge PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chq o1 j +bgnj:ob* +xyu4yv/yf)ange in

  When the first law of thczp *p7poqi-:ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added tofswi059cb6 )xahdrh9 it. This process d9b09xh hca)6fswr5i is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idecq0psqi5 q-8*wd d6rlal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy6p 0sirc-*q5l8q wd dq of the gas

  The process shown on the PVbk +7 o g1d u2ye:m44rsvp.pbu diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chan, chks x-rf,;17j- wn0vhntblge in

  When the first law oe p()ps)c -y/haq y:m+j3.k)xfprg w af thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containevbceokvo:9e-cb 4 w(3r that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. (-coobv ee 9vw3cb4:kThis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transodrn6u -eh 2m4ferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the ga4-o mer uhn26ds

State the first law of ther20+ .m 3awi x qt3atoue8qyke7modynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir tog68jpvumqq er 9,i ubc;upl+z.0 /5sq a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservo ;+hlevkn0qu +ir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clause2 opdu 6qv-g.8shc4yo 5gk;mius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dullc 2-zo.c4c(v ski3mring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatin-liczm2o (k.34s cclv g on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is dj )8*sjeajm61vqsu; pefined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical effici+qrgu7-q9zm0zs1 n cdt7a -qcency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustu9q-zc 1 0nqtgdsaqz+r-77 cm be

  A Carnot cycle consi9eo c)21d*k-b/sj y vvwy e6iwsts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck f;-d9y.hu) hp qz aub7statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrige ikm*3axgbk8stue +o l4,n-c f*a:fh+rator is defined as the ratio of 3mg*b 4n+cuateh x *,:os-akfl i+8kf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of h4l wp29eud,oa heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entuc 2 /v qnj)unb3 5c(x4du)exvropy of the water

  According to the second lar7woa-fxwupez 1 zv(s+/00v.hya(y pw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one pewar.0-zuv/ 70 a fshy1+y(wvx(opz of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of th1m a3zhs5y* 0 gqm2vcdermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us thm3k:) vfw9qoo conclude that

  During an isothermal process,tf0b was+.q 8:qj:oe d 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the ch+:j8q f ebo.wtd:0qs aange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frtl (nnkv3mll0d i17, uom an ideal gas. What is ttn i 1 m7,k3(uv0nlldlhe work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Wlo*( dx b (y.x/l2woewkzml /7hat is the change in internal ener/(o*l72wbzylwkxl(oxd/me .gy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabsay,rb- /2o6ufm*7hsm6w fdhatically. What is the change in internal6bshmduor/7 6y,am- h*2swf f energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic j6e;c5nphf akmd.l ,n2 bje30process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal enej2 3n;e.pechj6nf5m l0 kd,bargy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal enerw43 h9lj- 8g/ 75qbptatacxemgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wxmje8a 54w7l tp3chb9ag q/t-ork done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 -e 1s6eq9zwny/ydu / mJ. What is the heat e6 /s9nzyud /qme1e -wyxchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constanto qc6k9/k*e hs volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the ga hoes6*9q/k kcs?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at cq bkfj58;sx/ajr i9h3onstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in t kjbh85xsj r9fq3; ai/he sample?

  A system consists of ,/k :a)n(+bp acud ix9 qtnon+3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losesnq.n;wn;vuxl w7,9 :bu a8z dv 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficie:8nv adxun;9;wn7, .b qluv wzncy?

  A heat engine has an effichf:6mix-p7k.,g 1uj yj u8bck iency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work doesixg68bjm 7hk,uj: .ckpu yf1- it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency ofg;uo1p:xh xjl(g r yscok40./ud p m29 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cygo4p.0sx:(x l go2hm9d;ujuy1pr c/ k cle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42afbtxggto8.e5zb 7ss0b:0/ (r vve+t kcal. Calculate the efficiencyaxvgv bb t/ sse85+f.to0g:z0 et( r7b of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs278oz9f99 utapvkcd q 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done q99cok f78p9 atz2v dueach cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha4i5lng1rh-m b s the following characteristics: combustnmgrbli- h 451ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thwf m.r6i4 p h5ban (feqjw5-c)e following characteristics: combustion cham4rc)5h- nq5( ewbfj p6.mfiaw ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follwl0 vsv.af5v9 owing characteristics: combustv5v0s.v9a wfl ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elesz4cacspd* g-;igf +m)bv:d ,x3b;i hctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW ex-5grb; 2lyxmekdp0c;q+y61 5pn d vof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant use4gc*l: ;,k libec sn)+oq k:yls $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot edcl p10 /ohhulvm.,33s*kz x lfficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatins 0 djmr tcesjg2;h:0;rlf3 )hg betw2es j;:r )lj shr;g3dtf0mch0een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperat(d0zz5lumnlbg3x -gw 8 4)mzt y;d6bnure of the cold reservoir if d d-8zg bb4m y5;)zlmz gtn(306xlwnu the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between yc0 cagy0ml bs,h2 k)/$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 l6o;xyjt tj;px ;c4por a+20gkJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roo+ p;j 6jpot 2o4r0 txxagcyl;;m per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing; nrx l +-,ww3pgdvo641gpa fj compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coef41nfw ld+a;g vpwpx -oj3rg, 6ficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat fro4g h42h7d+tp f a8amrjm the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required injh4+r 7 tdgm p8ha2fa4 each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 5* 2 ky4tvh)7lzqwns1/kdebx g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezpj 47(7 3bqv.yo b:w/zxc qaines, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothervn3awryj a*yy;e5z2dudwzd 21 ji 6r(m+o6w-mal expansion and its entropy changeu y2(;djmdewaz3 -*arz6i o2+5yvwnd6 r 1y jws by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at d 5p5a.ng7ivi )kxti;5ry) g u$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.