The process shown on the T-V graph ir f-8.i)hthze s an

  In an isothermal process, there is no nld2 (;lkf6n nchange in

  When the first law of a*p43ob m/wl:l c3ixlthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no c4w)uc yt48 sk6t+gyk uhange in its temperature. ykt8su64uy+gwk )4ct This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothcn+xz r yhex0zf5/t) 2ermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internalh/+crz e52 0)t zyxxnf energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to 7 g4i4tb:k1o8m fxzz(sk:hu .: uplmq one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. z1:7 os4.tmkf ku( hq:lu4:bzx8 pgimThe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isotherm 5o5n2ef9,fo jbg 7/u wcfkd)sally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which ob ucnf9,5j)fk wo7f eosg/52 df the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolat01oe6 axvo4;swoiw c (ed environment. During the event, the gas exooewiwvs4oa x 60 c(1;changed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynala 19xu 7oiwt68kz/w l+yit:p mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original mrqv0/f o0u toj2vel8;czyq+rf 5 z/1volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of 12clo8ve5t jo r 0rzmq/ ;+fzu/fyv0qthe gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas ident.3bzh +*06bxq i *4v r dt1seso(vcietical in all respects except that one contains q+o te vics3 ze*istx(r4v10*.6bdhb$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containsqb1-i+a/ : h.wm;ol83x nwmpekx lix 9 e-xia9lmph ;1om:i.nql/bk8 3xw+xw $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram k i)hfy0uip4g0. aeq. is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no v-e nn0jq3 url9a*5hihi+2xv change in

  When the first law of thq.*gwu a)rph8fqoqy32 + 0fr m:+jtrtermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at igg0w noueb; .l9i9- dconstant pressure as heat is added to it. This preguwi-9 ;.l i g90obdnocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are df il4x 9udokoj-r/c1:x55ef transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the g o5x1 r:xu lkdf -ce/9fo5i4djas

  The process shown on the PV diagram isd 8 .o9 r/ /whaslk;x3lgu;4bmhfi8lh

  In an isochoric process, thi .7yyhanp;b7u3np.mere is no change in

  When the first law of t-dt8* c7n+zv3 7nkz 7yusobmyhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat enee+jyb o4 (s--jtnt4hcrgy is added to it. yte-t (s-c4ho+jnj4 bThis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferre6:ky 92dpgv hbyi;e*zd to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal ener:e 9bi*kpg2;hd y6y zvgy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamics hdbd y( e,g1:dm5y;ov.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot/ l1hfy4+( gkek)x usy reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot s-kju04m0clz;u o5 ka reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynaa76+0 xdlpg-v xzw)hn mics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here.q tp)8a(7e. qd+pcwxl During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine8padw7)( pql c+x. etq operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio fg nkyhw(crg :12ig. 4 sby9dk;7m0f nof

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hen*1lvf, 7q.z w cmb3b.sw0i egat sink must b7bb.w wne1*.m0qlg sfcvi z,3e

  A Carnot cycle consiw0+ztp. g/hlb;q7mtosts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of h4xi cpzvy 7i l(d/r ibkbx.y6-u53 g+thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeratotbo*+ jb,2r enr is defined as the ratio of,2nrjbo * tbe+

  The coefficient of performance p0kny +d /ulf94ur(fc+ys(kj (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the;x4b4n (r z f(jvl d(jo 0h /ddf046ujvnqe(nd water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any3u*e k,8vy d:tghf/i1bb3zr w -fcgd2 process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of thei123fd /:gz rt-g8, vbw cyh e3kdbuf* choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics/dcu*::evg/x 4m r9j lxfp2 qq.

  The second law of thjfyc 2ymhy +(r+cn38bermodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idea nmb-cg*i ryb5 z :(gtzsu5/*gl gas. What is the change in internal ener i*gubrcy 5sznt(*:gz/-b g5mgy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J;t7l4 arzn:oe1yz slk ,edq16 of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is oand;te l : 67lk4r1eqs,z z1ythe work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400jclbajvy) 24 nxa 65/l J. What is the changjajl vb6)c2 l ax/ny54e in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabalmw (dpdja*7f( :qv1ctically. What is the change in internal energy oqw(f :7ap m(dl d*1cvjf the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whilevj fd10s.(om c doing 25 J of work. What is the f0djm(.voc1schange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the lx iy6whc;1c2internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What c i6cw;12hl xyis the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the inlu) mo/ ey/9t;urbczps2ssq *;-sus,ternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat e,sp m;u trou*u;/ qs/cs)yeszb-l s 29xchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintaine( v,rtn(o2uzv hob1w81tqz1b 9 qsew/d at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from th vq( 1eqnw81,t2/ zuthvbo1r(z w bo9se gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K ;..r3; 8oya(mvwe gf/ ybkzrbat constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in teb brrgf .3y ;/av8k(.wz my;ohe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water atw1+wnw z +r .l0rewhf* $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and -3nxcsm 8 ws +.,gxg4v 6h*fhc7zeqxeloses 3000 J in each cycle. What is thm3 4 vs,+6 hhx-xwnf zg*.7ceq 8sgcxee efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% a,tytctq)j*k 6/g z :qm9 bv1ggnd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycq:*t,mv6/ybgckq)tg1 9 gj ztle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%1p*7yyty2oije5a6eyt. u ix 4 and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does 1yy7a4t p6.ijy2yitxo*5 uee it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64r40n he* xkz;c kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency ofn *z;er 40hcxk each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ex 2075hylwf lcq;kt9jlsz;uxh1b k27rhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eths7r;;uj12lh7ll0q2zy9k wbc 5kxfach cycle.

  One of the most efficient enginc*ynd u )8ybf*es built so far has the following characteristics: combustionu bfyc*)8*yd n chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following -kbqxs (1)sv +(d(afp1zd ofscharacteristics: combustion chamber temp)xq(dzpb(-o fs (vda ks1s1f+erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ihrol -6q7-:qcxn 3jh characteristics: combustion cham3hr6c- j o:nl7qihq- xber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrish) bo.k; uky+c power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power)iz ji,6vdv i2p;yw, a. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. -+ u-j lui/v -r:frbyaThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates be3m 59yds y*rjc*hn2cktween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pojsk j1 tmi+ou7-bxqk5/ g9r7jssible for an engine operating betwee- jbjq5i 1gk79soj u+xkmt 7/rn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the vgk v)bf ()2+j p4bgksub7rtm/ /s1satemperature of the cold reservoir if7j/ mska s1)pfgbs(v4g 2+vukbb) /rt the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwe*n)eujfcpq1 7 /*fuu qen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing co0 y:ykyz b +,jklps24eq b6q:vmpartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room perkyeq2s bbpyv+ :yq,jk 4 6zl0: cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comparthy26(kmff;d * o+ ,vxzrao) dkment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is t mx)*hf 2 ko+(k;6av,oyf drdzhe coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbla(kclxvc(z. 1 n 3-camx 2nbz0mjq 11s 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. Ho1ca3 z1x2nnb c-z(a1.0jclq vk(xlmmw much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice ggx 9)zxme.o c)6 ,/i8 vjrxg7eaep8zmelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the con s1l06k)qw 2)mnw6 oq5vxc dhange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal g*ayyhzb 3ccv w* 4 bsg*amr1++as at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changesyb 4+3a zvgw+* sac*rm*bhcy1 by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at b 6t-qbe;x ) :v,wbleo$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.