The process shown on the T-V gragw,/.k 2e3iy a2ss2c ak:wdmbqg ;l;rph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is nhb1x gwe:*e7 qo change in

  When the first law of thermodynwpi )u9ap0s -famics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volult (jt)tme)+bme with no change in its temperature. This procesmtt b )lj)t+(es is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this proceso* q ; 3iwmno:rr6d-dss, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal enr isn3-mwd6 ;dr o:o*qergy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duringd02. mlspo+i+h+ mmuf an isothermal process. The final pressure of the g +d o m+m+i2m0ulps.fhas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from v s1ymvmthh (e mtm-*mi5,9cucea:: , 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the foll aht,1m s vc:u* et(cv9,m :h-m5mmyieowing statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed *dt 4a3 )pp qmgzb,dl(in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This pro tdlbmgpqapz) ,( d4*3cess is

  When the first law of thermou gsvem goj,k6tc*5h*s h2 ,,zdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas il: /ra8p jhro 71j:us 8u(usg26gshz ys compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fin7 :jyosupgj 8gu26:8s(rhz r/h1sa u lal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders7 gmx -rv;voea0tbk7 5 of gas identical in all respects except that one contains mxgvkve-bat; 7r70o 5 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all re n/jkswszd6-c+ b2b /-+jvndespects except that one containsj-wb +-nn6 dvszb/ k+d2sjc /e $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dia0la5/ h9rnq, aplr-a +m;dbafgram is an

  In an isobaric process, there isl *clmwa.5ev lvn ft2kiv*/y*8:h 9ic no change in

  When the first law of thermodynq6n*ic0 b -ncbamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand ayu+x qpnrz * 3e:,pf4yt constant pressure as heat is added to it. This procespuqpxzrfe4 y +n*y,:3 s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sa((zdag fyec3pu z74 fdt.6:xgmple of ideal gas at constant pressurepf.fgazdt(:c6 7 3x e(gu4y dz. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the P,j20c+ m-g5m)h ojluierz o s2V diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no cgn5 -ax/stmuxdcriglr5- 5 +)0gvf jo(77oa b hange in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,z/blqd/65+de *vz)(t z mjssg $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid hzupl;,jvi9ir mfl0 2jq+6e;container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. ulj+6imq2,hvpf;lrej0i z; 9 This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas wfvlpt5e 1 05bw9dru:+km 4ybat constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of t45 v:l1 9ufrb0yw bt+pew5 kmdhe gas

State the first law of thermodynamicw69uhw+u i -qas.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from7zm9 9*l ylgkb a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer h9j: o:o n 7u;4 lay/ryi5srblpeat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamxwcu63 qhe-x0cp,-j gics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycl .lbkju:4nxg/n.pm z3sv3j/yp6esq * :er lx 1e, how much work is done by an engin6/y/.u:bkqxps3 plvn4me.3 js:z* e1n ljrgxe operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine isby67: vdj g1vv defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be kizw :oc(3l*v100%, the heat sink must 3i(k* :owzvlcbe

  A Carnot cycle consists oz:e)r/dm am 3cbf. rx4f

Give the Kelvin-Planck 4xkad* (vu;6 mnt ;m4ypl;iez, x ek1gstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined z51l2ooi+5z qbqz ro: as the ratio ofrl: ozzoq51 z2o+ biq5

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is de074d nvco( dfu 9nal,lfined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy oyxcd.hy1w5 7 kf the water

  According to the second law ofgn6r x ;;l4 /h8lgnhcr thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated hh l/g;n6 c4r8; xlrngsystem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynatv.i m q o:e4+.uw5kci1*a- ix rjgxj)mics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to co aq7x)s9z.fnf nclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat isq sc-0a7h fd4y removed from an ideal gas. What isfcy 4hq-s7a0d the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is ri/ sj3d 5swho.emoved from an ideal gas. What is the work done in ts5s/ i3hjod.w he process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What i8:0 fj7yirga -kvg-hw s the change in internal ew0kgr:8yvia- - fgj h7nergy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the9 e*zsofsrf ;: -c1uej change in internal energy of:e*jze ;ouc f9ss-f1r the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiab5uvd-c dikvng -(4r4hatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chang4id(r gvn54cd k hv-u-e in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the i si (yv8tv.o7pw7y, zznternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whati v y7( zpzvy7ows8,.t is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha*a3i6ecie +c mt is the iem cei*ac3 6+heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatozg (h0cb..z bvmic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished bybb hzvc.( gz0. removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy i7v. z5rrgs afgw-pxzi. ;mo-3s removed from it. How many7si -z ;gr.-z5op wav.gfxm3r moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water atpia 9v w:yrso u (i*ii-hj83(i $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat a;6gtcq pow3t55b sc0d nd loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencydg3655pb0sc;qo wc tt?

  A heat engine has an efficiency tqv );p d8ab(g)2h :imygkm1l of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform m8k ibmh1(gvygpt;)a :dq )2lin each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35 ,+disbntr1rlc7f*;mfukg ,0.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much +* ml, gdinr u1;rcfs,tkb 70fheat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal.f s 1602uwufnvy7ot q, Calculate the effqyt1w0u6f 2fo7u,nsviciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Caxg3 vozqga lr 59d03uj7zi.t,lculate the work done each cycl3zq dxvt3ugj,l 5gi .oz7 0a9re.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hasgy3mv b9sd1f -,rldpbaf+6) e the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = fs1vd)b-g ay m9,3b d+el 6prf$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicshg d;*d, 46vtgeuyhra)mv ov;v ci+/;: combustion chamber *dmrav6vdcg; hhv + g,);tu/4ei oyv;temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following char qhj(9f;j/5ehm fi)bhacteristics: combustion chamber temperaj h5 j;()mhhqff9e b/iture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powerlt aa2abu.j9c-)due 5y;.uqnfwj -a:. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant genera, xtp 96vpsxv7tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thecqabhzqv 9 *959u;+k9uh eiwa plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betwew7i wjw2y:xa7b59+ z (jfednhuq;5zyen $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theobx2tmf5* as6vqmc4 n.retical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwee5x . 2b4sqmv ca*ftm6nn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Wxj4/sr 9b -g6ak -mtclhat is the temperature of the cold reserv sb 9-lam6x/rg4-cjkt oir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating bk 0pz3e p(jt/retween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate o 0hcg0 /28pri vuc*ujof 20 kJ and ejects 24 kuirh j00cc o/p8*uv 2gJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate 6o2 onj 0.5kr/zzju kdof 20 kJ and ejec/ r6jo0uo zdn2 .kkj5zts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a re .:bqrfjhv2 *gfrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much wob 2fg:r*vj q.hrk input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy 7pciwrabl4e3xzws*-i1j)8p +)th jf when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, thep 0k*tllz*ege3:.7gu bsf2 p n change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entro/mvelnes)0 gm.1apm i.;2uid 91gqn vpy cn 1nv0vsm lmea21/qpeu). 9.gi g;midhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at w;uo prs:tp 3m biff x:67:n4j$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.