The process shown on thewk 1jzk gg0m55xa 0q3fo(yd6g T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal procez ipep/;k 6rqc; zw2lnmzg m(y1 q7+e1ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of z s(y;z.l) imn.m-ccl thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume withfcgy5.yz4r g 5 no change in its temperature. Thir5 g.zfy45 cgys process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermaio6 g+ v:zt/5ha g)qe7lwsl:g; c9sgelly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for th :lg9 ge)+wg/lvso igea7z6 c:th5s;qis gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to eyj-u8t6c w7 .fqg0 afone-half its original volume during an isothermal process. 8q.actf7u-60jwgf y eThe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3qq(rzkc8j4 /l 0 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gasqkq8rl/(4 j cz. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed inn .po(.1pvfxv rg7) r3kj 4mdt an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrounding4 oj.kx7ptfdrmv()3.1g pr n vs. This process is

  When the first law okil4(o+p -jrh:/wl2g pwhb7vt3 xq v;f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumeeg.r.v5-l; 6ttg wugh during an adiabatic process. The final prestu;.gt vlgge56h wr- .sure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all , 6ps/hsl8ezn respects except that one contains / lzhsn s6ep,8$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical inj3 8w pi7 te-j +moh:w-0xtcuj all respects except that one contains0e+j3tuwwojitmc -: -p8 7 xhj $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the my 7o0 ;qy,w87 btx,gmufu;jwPV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, thered8 -mr;g2o;u4ocj( unevn:e n is no change in

  When the first law o1wbb-0f 3a-stlghzgw2 u .(k xf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to r0woh3 d;ag;sexpand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pro; ;or30hdwsa gcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal lkj3v77nh-hb u i+1wxgas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the ga1w h3-k7u xljbv7in+ hs

  The process shown on the /6- gh/nr(pf;f ktonz PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there iynt. ;*4tv n zeq/rh1us no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,q8yu;cq( )dr: rt7 qnw6xl xj5 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energ dxon9exh ot.vlu 7 16ahg-2z/y is added to it. This pra 6gnxtxv ol 1-hz/9e.2ohu7 docess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample8v kq/ej4 f-m00wxu*cpe qb 3f of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gqfkvwb u ce *0/0-j4q8mpe 3fxas

State the first law of theq v+8cro)m5val+w j v1rmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserv1n.sh+25avj8 e ujy (gv b/rjioir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot rese1qh7xxvlzes::. rt. trvoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accor r6/ ld6h:cnq0m6v7gdj *jxpgding to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muc4-2 5sl3+ jsvts k-ajfyys c)rh work is done by an engit3y ysjk2fl +-sa45j ) svcrs-ne operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is definer n74m9db3 yhyd as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot enh v9; ux94ddnjgine is to be 100%, the heat sink must9v;x9 jhdu4dn be

  A Carnot cycle consists ofkx gc 70s.4( 5q9s88mmws n-ilwoysfb

Give the Kelvin-Plancka0yb u7gb / ;- jl7zvnkcyzf41 statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio omf( lpia.ey;5 mn3a.5 ne:rgf f53nem.5a efg(nrf py la;:im .

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of z- .l0cxq)eyh;j t7yba heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the ene+u(fwv1xo2.y8f1 e emf*fk ntropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, fr;s9hi/ s pjqm -fdaey42c1;(my/ ilo or any process that may occur within an imqpy cdfr 1ijmsya; -l(2e/hios /49;solated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second laoh 1r9ee bo/qz6)f4d sw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to coh zcni x m91y10s2 3x/+gtilx f8t5gdunclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealse gzvz 6/s-s( 7szl,q gas. What is the change in intern ,z s6sz(ql/- se7gsvzal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed l77 k fk32hntxfrom an ideal gas. What is the work done ix ntkf k372lh7n the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isother, 7g+; izeueg5wdg 5ktmal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal ekg; 75 eze +igtwdu5,gnergy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabi0 a+gzot c 9//njxa,xatically. What is the change in intern 09,aaj/zctxx/io+g nal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wha hw)y+jtecoz+o5-fgkdr :4 9vt is the change in internrogf 4ht5+ c-w)edjvk+z9:yoal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal eneruq40 g/v5 evrqgy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha4 q0v/e5rqgvut is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, thxr; dm 9*yhzy4e internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thmzydrx9h ;4 *ye heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained aq5uck3 5 d6 rac/)vrjft constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accompfd5 j3vc rkcar)u q6/5lished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy isrnw 9x7q.v roo :8df w6:tzi./xkrvy8 removed from it. How many moles owy8/rvz r 9i6:.nqox drx8t kw. fo7:vf gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of waterc *jy-y+x2 h+:9 *lt5ax-gn xtn wndkh at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyclbeo2i/ 5ra y,bqwbc 5)m..ubge. What is the effibb.y5i ,bwm52guq)b/e ca.r ociency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat peau/mgr.ck gj6r(8 l q0r cycle. How much work does.m6 8q rc/0klg( uarjg it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15 5j *zdhh*c,wz0 J of heat per cycle. How much h*hd *cw5,zhzjeat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal 8-b 6(bjdxrw,0n ah spof heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each (,s6h0 8bn-p xbw ajrdcycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyk ngmjm6,:9r90upgy:cold .p cle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the woc :rydppo kngu6mgm:l,.0 9j 9rk done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactb dfkxm,461gp4 nka;teristics: combusp,n xkdg 461ftm4a ;bktion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficientt+ 13 j)gh (eywduwox+ engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion1++ty(j ho wx eg3d)wu chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient e9xelb v u(sy sn/2j-v05rmyn:ngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamnyu2:v5(njs l / yxvr-me sb09ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The tiqqr3- 6z-a 9 c9l6at gov2 h2nhqm6nplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant gensy6*k:q c:sg s .dmke5erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr8tcmtv 4a.eo t/ 5v9tetp* j,yn(f:rdic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency r6vwi3rt1g7r )s-pqt (qzra5of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical effwd n9isx; 0 :pasjns-2.o(),ohdvf pjiciency possible for an engine operating between ado -; 29fdj: j0pow(inn,s sxhsv).p$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the a1 gj-ynfv 8d,cold reservoir if the fg yv8daj-n1, temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweenkjx2p9i t96. cr otfg4 $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing 0/ vhr4.siiv1a cj nv*compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 v /ir1c4 *na. hivsj0vkJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ4y fbvo6-(ppp3) rhnvk)d uo( and ejects 24 kJ i )(n o)vp(6pho4 ry-ufb dpvk3nto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerah)y/di. jrc 9wtor absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat d9jiry ./wc h)to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entr8qtngeh.a0+ bopy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freez llz-k2;qir agul0. 8ozl-y*g2 7rsrles, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansi2k jajkb/r9 i(rm)yd3on and its entropy changes bb()kj9jykdra/3m2 ri y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ji: 0py6-yiq p$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.