The process shown on the Tn*sk)1 ridvf *-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, t/2gjvznfq3grqwme -;ft h r0) 694tas here is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,e *jkxx;o ek(6 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its17,hfg ic h8f7q2pmo s temperature. 7g o fqfp2,7h1m8s chiThis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to;t rei;6z 4x iy:tj4jq 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the chanry;:i 4i q4j;tz xjt6ege of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isot7h8 1 efi) q2go1 cebojgym5)fhermal process. The fiq1ge8gomb71f ))e2oy 5jfhi c nal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thisz ztch7wf+1.r process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gaz +.ztrwfh17 cs. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmenxk)s 1 d 9awbg2u +ound5 2i)k,eht 7+hot:huct. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat wi:uxna dcs +29euk5wu) 7do ,+g thk ot2ibh)1hth its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of t31zgqig;mq -6d2h mvahermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volu4xlorig p -j:(me during an adiabatic process. The finaljlp(4irgx:- o pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical i* m.y99d8ymsozaed. t n all respects except that one containsdo m.9 dyzstye.m*98a $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rebty. k6;i2. nnom,b pgspects except that one contains kmp,n ot g6. i.nbb2y;$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagm k)c-xn v+i(vram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is3yw:hcg hz2i, no change in

  When the first law of thermody.k3jya)g+mhsf0wv 5jq f;c 4j foh7*nnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to l8d/bhm o)8y wit. This process im8d wy/o)bh8l s

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of izkv9ua2 +8ncz deal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy o29z8uk+ anzcv f the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram i/1unch4ujqz7 i// xt ts

  In an isochoric proce;x gq/fl 3wq jc r+e5h82art;fss, there is no change in

  When the first law o t0-g:2pi;iex b luy6jf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heaz+y/xo4um )fat energy is added t+m/u4za y)of xo it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are traz 3z-::kdwfntu6 bo* nnsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volum3kt: bz:zwdofn-un*6 e. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamic8tzji3 ;. o;zyy dtbo3s.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a coldf w ,i v*wt/) dmzf2h3mb6pq.m reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservo8nsvtd co72q6p km d5u4p xt39ir?

State the second law of thermodynamp4 ff)1b ayvrgm-v22 )xl7 l hx;:pezdics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cpg,lp f1j z0u8pdewwrjz 7w *e-/i4;k ycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cy10zegw *ze-lp;4,dp7 w/w i rkuf8jpjcle?

  The efficiency of a heat engi;ut/- jjkx ,lb 3/gddxne is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be+pfwf.a hp/w *dhm+zc9-l+cr 100%, the heat sink must br+/hd9fwal p.w -mh+*fccz+ pe

  A Carnot cycle consistednr78p;i v tpl+1vu3s of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the sec1jkz3 e;pafof t 31*ue77tppi7c9z hx ond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (CO6+2lnx4kmmgg3 k nh3,onkd( pP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofmkk+lk,dggn2mn6p3xh4 o n3 (

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heatxf1 ol7+pl:z rt)lwoo8aa/ q/ pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the(avplqw -l -99l4 yjoi water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that mays qcwuua(; rc y2)*lw6 occur wiw;( sw)rc cq u6lyau2*thin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynavep2. r2tih t y/1*djkmics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to c x+uq2rg-tr s5onclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gast.c* *kg0p +l/uk+y ein *0-cosnebyi. What is the change in internal ectk*.g*y/ln nk+e 0e+u -pc 0i obsy*inergy?

  During an isothermal procesm;z-p-h a vztx dxo -jz9k/84qs, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thzjdqo-xpxh9zzm- /4 ak 8- vt;e work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Whatp au3*h )gp szx7)3wco is tx*)u3 3 ga)7cpo whpzshe change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabkdy 4gb t*bg(,bw4w z1yn:hk 8atically. What is the change in internal energy of the gaskw 4g 8:kb(z ybtyb,41 wh*ndg?

  An ideal gas undergoes an-fvt6c gos:*4 xmswg 5oozu15 adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in inte145g5xztg* s-w :cfv6osumo o rnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the interna3v:2:8gti,vwqq xs ucqdo9 9b l energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whaqvq:: o39d298vw,cqbtguxi s t is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. k-t: zkba7cw,:ixzz5 )jh/f m What is the:,wi/ c) fzmthax 5z 7-jkkzb: heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at consta5kx,q.)zxz-phop n 2vnt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplishz pxv-2q 5,)nhp.okzx ed by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K a6gsp7wl / .nok*m/nert constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are ink ng*ns rm/ .e7o6wlp/ the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at. (t 72)cdm5lhyaqdnr $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000+ jj7 hbey3nh;pl nwpz7 qkx.-+kh,9g J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficieneqwny3+hjp jlk 79+;b, kx.hp7 zh-ngcy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 Jx: if w:o)n+)9pzq kly of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform innlo z)k)9wx qy+:if:p each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 1ue ,8bz5 8nec aaa)8ci50 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclec8bec 5ez a8a8una ),i?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat si:+k*dn-gi 5gg4i0ofr sv b(each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency+fg4ng* 5gi-:so0 biisrdv( k of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heatdz4etwvc0mx 8h bz*3d1m xrva6 bw/2 7 each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work do x7zdrmd 6x8bvm4 b1av02t w*3/hcwe zne each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built . nf :z.0ibnb emhdrrc1h1;;tso far has the following characteristics: combunmt.z:1hcf ;bdn;hr1 b0.eirstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines aqmya,i/a*4fc es(*xv j8t.zbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =svq(4/z ,y8fe a c.aj**t aimx $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characmq a lbu:-npd5wjq*ka1b c 2:3teristics: combustion:qabd 5jn:3cmu2l1 -b qp*a kw chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW o(66ai i)kxkntozqh2 + f electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant ge msr-ota4m0mv*uz p q4;9q+n unerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mp jp0) qtrpzd 4hu(0 ke;u8p(zW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiencym6,y )w1kzw*ytn3 nct of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency dswm99v(ad;yhf. : ci.lntji 5q* xi* possible for an engine operating betwee : td( 9n5 *qxwh iifij9s..ydvcm*;aln $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 3u.ups 4,6 bert5.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the 6ur. 4tseb up,hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweeppl ) dqc7hhth,59k(cw).o2tir 3 tl zxk5ya,n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ 09e1ropgtc) m 4ay sc-and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eac4 c)coper0gym91at- sh cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ amogs1 zh9(sg 3s9t(kg nd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performa9 gs 19 ggtko3z((smshnce?

  During each cycle of operation, wdph, p.(y: lj 9clhl:a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the roo.p 9hph,wl yl::j(cdlm. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of il tm 5s+;+fafuce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chunj+dwg z. y 1c6 v7he-6em7ekange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undnys8pr,xtrz)6cbb x()u;j hv v45t/fergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changesr;fytxp6) cus xvhnbz(rb,4t 5v )/8j by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ed.14 pt-uc jb$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.