The process shown on theednm.d/gk f kjrq7735a5 x6dp T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chang )7cby/cocpz ,upp 74fe in

  When the first law of thermodynvdh h gd83,vu(ro k8k6amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its orii s4kis q(85qoginal volume with no change in its temperature. This process is5 k48osqqsi( i

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Dur5tju hrnhl 6m ohu0z+x q6b-5.ing this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal e0hm 6+j.lqo ruhn5h tbuz56 x-nergy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is comprez wbwm-w) t 2.+h6zd8,(mi6 yjmxsp klssed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. Thei, .6jhxpz6)w8tswmdw(mk -mzyb l 2+ final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L toq/y a0+q.fgng 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expand0qyf/qang.+ g ed the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the ezyo-you, r228. fbelju5e7 ptvent, the gas exchanged no heatrp2,u. yu5b27tyje8-oz el of with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of th 873ha.c(akidv3j4b qu *xmxfermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tp -upb v-hf82.na u:-,dsffun o one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process.- .:d2u-ffpau 8,pushf n-v bn The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except g) )ki1/u0f :dvneepq rp*u9 5b n)hjpthat one containsg1h 59:) vp frjdu0kb)/* )ppue eqnni $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas i*/gr-r1 3 -7,rowipkxls dt jsdentical in all respects except that one contains sl3or jrrpx/gkiw*t- s1d7 ,- $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram r02 qc d yua,j(1pkk qw(u0rq;is an

  In an isobaric process, there is nldxsz- cxllq( l:,kb4:v/l d4q;v( iro change in

  When the first law of tha) 2dk0z5o riqgytj; 9;nw d2termodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressurww,)hno )w* j(czqfpr5jeg. v +2 1d5uy1 mneoe as heat is added to it. This proc(v gf1jm)w ,ep5c o2er jhn.+w woqy 15*n)zduess is

  Ten joules of heat energy arehhwgnnp-tbib--277u ;y5 jkg transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energyk7b-7hg jwnu-b gi;ytn-2p5h of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diaautiuk4 w, ygykg:2 ;2gram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change .opvc5 3tzjhq7oh h 3*0emze (in

  When the first law of thermodynam btv e2) 5o:kk6hm+ev5;qx2hdk;k xlyics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container t/v:q 7i8w))gjrahso)v1k sk bhat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thij sbvv81h i)7/ro :qg))wkskas process is

  Ten joules of heat en2fs.lr nok/ u e b7(fmomn)f-9ergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of tf l97m)kfn(s/f.ru b n-me oo2he gas

State the first law of thermod xg c-5xq*gd.uynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservmky5wa+ ifnc 9c6s/f+ qc5n)xoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat frhe i)c;-g - bdckhq7hz cx9x2,om a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to l/kle9e*.bb lClausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cyc08-j z, tbmbaale, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycbt,m a -80bjzale?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rat new4m;/m eh1hio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine ig x f,tc2r7j4s0..pwcsyw y*vs to be 100%, the heat sink must bf. j4gs 2cy r t*sc07w,pywx.ve

  A Carnot cycle consists o5:3v+m.y uwi.8so3ttbz y; w5vq:dhfemz *h ff

Give the Kelvin-Planieps;q)jkb30 1hm q4xss: p/ack statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigera( lsuygdgzj0s) ,+f ipc3 w:f-tor is defined as the ratio off)+sd g 3g- 0j s(liw:cf,uzpy

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the d s4h 6 urs7s1rb*)zt,t6ztdmratio of

  When water freezes, t:z6x2g6y *0l u+dypoq,lik qihe entropy of the water

  According to the second law of theb)ylldyt 3:iovf .ejsef 68/8rmodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which on:i ef)ty.ld /6 38lyfj ovsb8ee of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodz9d+4usv x)z dynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us tou:t47w mrsqd7 conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from and id3t//x-+c ynzntr0 9 7ogrs:ik a6g ideal gas. What is the c-7ziac9 /nrt 3nkdsd6ityg+ g x0ro:/hange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gasb6yk 7-/*ms2a furddz-l n; vqo1re*h. What is the work donuv;m6e2yr/-fhsrln*b o1k -zda qd 7*e in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is - 4g2slwqv+21 anyz7rs400 J. What is the change ins7ygvws z+q4 1al22rn internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Whaeqe:9d p s2t/ 4omcve;t is the change in ip :d;2 te49 socq/emevnternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whbv 7 ubr2;ew(ovfj55du -q;4 zc3rgvjile doing 25 J of work. What is the change in int qj uebfc-5 ;;v7w3(brz2vor5ujdg 4v ernal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internalc,og n0 ih43wf energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What in0ih3o4fw,cg s the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a swba c,0);3g+apmnnb o5s h,sh ystem decreases by 50 J. What is the bo ;+p,ms0w c,anh3)5bshn ag heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at clr9jpvkk926 -mb0tnvl 8o *ieys/a 4 sonstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J /924i- v6 sl9ntl8m0jrae*bpvsokykof energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K yw3.mqeo5jkp) 8 7ty uoj36o/w x,ogwat constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in t3 yy),8mwoktqw6 3ox/gw j.p uo75oejhe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water m6u wb 3jwsyyo0a/;01 *pz nijat $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eaca-x d 7n26zyepltb+ 1oh cycle. What is the efez-17o2bx dpy+nt 6laficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. u(dv */yk qf*- uxaud3How*/q(uau-3 xky dfv*ud much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an eylgp a4 m-8yh+fficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhauyymhl- a g+48pst in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 sb(7m)gfb:gcjxtv0/l0d 8c * 8xzpnlkcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyp lsm)8f80 tn*z(d g/b0:xbcj7vgxl ccle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ojeori. pb6q 6-f heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.proi je- 6q6b.

  One of the most efficienr9i)e t6qcp xhd6t d nz2v-1u1t engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambip t tv6z- h1 xr1d)9cqne62uder temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha ;eui,azh)wecp(g pv/2 oe3,y s the following characteristics: combustion chambey2 heu ; (ep3o pwea)zv,/g,icr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charav,o2 kxgf:l*jcteristics: combustion chamber t,lg vjxfk o2:*emperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elfxi70 bx9fl +dfp kq7(ectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant genera7v pj1d;b(vnss hbt+ 6tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Th;mx:0:)rcd7lstj adzrlva xw 0 zv 28/e plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betw(bh ed,nam20)h,eee pj tar )im7au37 een $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency posim0 f 7)gjpsu)sible for an engine operating betwe)f0 igsumj)p7en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is td1 j;bcsl)c i:he temperature of the cold reservoir if the temped)ccs; jb: li1rature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatiblh /p;at 8-+ aokv),of2sjqcng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freeziymvg*d8/ / lcrng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roo d*8rm //vlycgm per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat x1yrmo29gg/8 4t /etgl xms+7 dx.zgunu7jn1 from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perfo7o.x9t/ 11 m7jyg/ts zg8eduxgnrn4 m2xg +ulrmance?

  During each cycle of operationqt y qezvd9 (j+k3qnfbk,ai vg ;e3+*8, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inpui,d ek3 zebqvtqk *3v;j+q( 9y nf8+gat is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in ent 9nw6 j)13)owkkd jbtlropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freoimg. 5i9lm 7ccw/4gwezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an i3qk.m.e; zys*p krdo6 sothermal expansion and its entropy chankpzo6dmsk q; .r*ey.3 ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ss xdr5( ,z9* 6yvwk 9wais al*jmt+8p$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.