The process shown on the T-V gcc5m-od. jet q:c+ rh;raph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no cha1 m jt8l axyqnmw:9f0x3bk6; wnge in

  When the first law of th3.rjd)0h1s ilhgy p0bermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice it .)5 +gaqeouyrs original volume with no change in its temperature. . 5 )ouqeyarg+ This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 2039s2 yavzs 4uwukz,m5 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change , us4ys9kz52va3z mwu of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vv g+tv 1h4tsdj :na2q9olume during an isothermal process. The fdn4+9q1vj g2st ah t:vinal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. xnrs xwuy *z27.uds)(During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism t2x *d . x)sy(uu7swnzrhat expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated ekluk0. +ui t/rn6vi m)nvironment. During the event, the gas exchanged noil)6m+0r/ vk u.ntiku heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodyyh+0pk+yffwiwp* 0l*fm:2finamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originuyw0y bpoqqul7 8usbkhb(4j7n v6 1+ /al volume during an adiabatic process. The fiqb87kb6 yubojq swlh70yu/(un vp41+ nal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contain1f 2 crpm5dn/ks p 2nr f1kd5/mc$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects l7// atv6a4xocpmzk 1except that one containsp1 z akc/746m/tavlox $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram i4pzk67pjict /sa 63d )gfdd ;cr scy6(s an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chanmf/x vb12 yfjuw e/x04n8xc. nge in

  When the first law ofci3bh/irl kt;6 -2 c,hlwo,mia q.d.d thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand ah,p4p:d pr25liv hbz- t constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proce 5 dl:i,ppzrhb24vp h-ss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfer/ gk5g0wch;/o(oq afy red to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure h0/wa5goy;(qc/fg ok. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram 2. * kvfl4zsnyl6 ,ckais

  In an isochoric proce eyu8 n:xug/n+ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamdzw,k 214w )*hss0iryw y 1fduics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rig/crrw ou.8,;jz vte+ dmwz9 k2id container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thizj8/oc. wrtvde,u r w;29mk+zs process is

  Ten joules of heat energzi6 dbgycpq08x/yoga:r q 4/ +y are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume.yy6dc4z+bp8 go/ xq /0grqi :a As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamiv42so jqyvv u- +b6ol-cs.

  Is it possible to transfer heat:o9plk*m9fjts 6 olx - from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoi rejlr ol*q 1sno::t(l(ef-;a r to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodyna+/bg0 p+nk.1kzzs ma zmics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mucmz3en )3l6h tmh work is done by an engine operating on this m)n3lzt6 e3mhcycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is define-d+ibkoxc fmm 4j3vv. o6- 8sdd as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carno jw;b .st*1,i52;govmqntplpt engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustwo;stvt5mg, q 1ljip2 b;n*p. be

  A Carnot cycle consis .*rrld.gn/g,m *cgdmts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of 74h8phd:r-qfp.6 ik*igcm ee the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeratoek 9ln sxo:p,(bnp2*xvip*w8r is defined as the ratio o*(knpb 2o,wplp iexxn9v *8:sf

  The coefficient of performance (Cc.;v i fvm zhu*:q(7d4:drfnx OP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy j4 bx*sufft:.mgdc 57of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that mrs/o w2ud7s,c i)oza.ay occur within an isolatedsuo2azo),d7 c si/.w r system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamic/nt7 epuoil 4+suf53iubm8m8s.

  The second law of th1ym( php/p mux8c;f8wermodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal procesjsfepjc 2)agg*3q/ v2s, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enas 32jvgp/fq e*)jc g2ergy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal3au*wxz ,d pl,h 7q2znpyi4r/g.yx t* gas. What is the work done in the procesqy,lh* rpyz2id7aw n*ux zt.g34p/, xs?

  The work done on an ideal gas syssjsghl;t c k1.77+edetem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the cha7 ge.s lte+k s7;h1cdjnge in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What i6jokqv w .x 7kydvc.- m;p,h4zs the change in internalpdj4vmo7. .qkyc-vh ; ,6wxzk energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J 8plava+omg0 *+o(6xw xlz 8;;slas egof work. What is txls + wx8*;o p80(msvla6o;+lgazeaghe change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sysv17vhru p6:af 2du c1k5 4rrbvtem decreases by 50 J. Wha :1frbpvr kvu51h62c 4rdv u7at is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrma6 u 2:0zle /fyvohd-eases by 50 J. What is the heat e6v/-e2houa l yz:0mf dxchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic yeew-0n d;)mogas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much wooem;) end-0wyrk is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume w gaiob ,/oge2u0b/ 3ffhen 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in thoff,g e/u2go/ai 3b0 be sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 knx:tgzsvpvy 8/( iu*(6a/lbu g-eyge +/. xrx g of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in es9:wo .*hup5 6 jz k*d*epf+k.qblnocach cycle. What is the efficienc9qpwnjo. o6*b.5dukfkzcl* es:h*+ py?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3-yrgd ske)(rfxbycd:( : tre)0 ,t j,y5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much x:e(f,y0 y),: dbe jry)ktr( cgrdts -work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% anzv6:ggau vjn*7dm 7 (od receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eac odvm6z a(jgu:7gn *7vh cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat /75zi qj4masd uhw,2ueach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each csz wh7 maji2d5/,uu4 qycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. r n/lkn6 ri*84vqf7go Calculate the work donel4 nn7i/f6ko qr*rv8g each cycle.

  One of the most efficient enginwc1z, tg k04rvx(d 9zges built so far has the following characteristics: cvw cg490(dz txg,k r1zombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient e5n n0r,cx1 kg4 7j/uajtae xd*ngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber te 4jr*e7xndtag/,cnx 0aku 5 1jmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficievfc u7e/pvk+ ni;c y96nt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =cvuck pvn7e;f /+i6y 9 $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The p-h p4/ tvt1mnw( qc9zplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pvx)px-o,l 4cqe r a,0uy ioc:2lant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mc .vu.t zb,pl*ih;t m0)dxc4xW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an encc,(r rqojk (hfg*pxfu- ./u.gine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficienhc+ql957)umu ek bnx1-5vw focy possible for an engine operating between )5xk9fbwhcn 1 emv+7o-5lq uu $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the t,+j1c ax78so gct5u-8hwyqn j i4,z bgwl:f1temperature of the cold reservoir if theat fj,1o ux 4 ,8n18gythzwibgsqjwc l-c:+75 temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating bemf6upx .4tqi,tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezii ;s: zytme- ihj/6tix.4*wvvng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and jitis.: ivmwz -v*;thx4e6y/ ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freq) mzav7 z z,q36jkyk(u*y.qz ezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient y6,kzqjyq.azzu q3v (k7z*)mof performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbm tnx*xf0ft; /s 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much w;tx n/tx mf*f0ork input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change ivu+7r*d kupf1z n+m)mn entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in7ki4zoss imnp4k/( x7 entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergb 7ssn o8xa;8toes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chs8 7o;ntb8sx aanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at nd yp*w/f0b+s2wwszg / q2 4co$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.