The process shown on the z:4o8slgsacx3n/a j7l9v cx2T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there 4 b sn9heo:f7vgk7l6f;q ,w f6skmnd(is no change in

  When the first law of thermo3og7x9w dpakj9mew w 97wp5h *dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice i; xmpdz, 4cxp2-8l-o eu :uev7+l3 y(vqriwtfts original volume with no change in its temperature. This:wldv ft28 qp7e-mcp ,xz+3uv (4;ux-iolery process is

  An ideal gas is comprebmgy0(r v.m.xb5)jd7g; ea enssed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compreedb5j mm.)v egny07;(xrb. gassed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o az2pt/ c)b ;(vn4xpjb .1ylgcriginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the ga1av c);42gjt.nzxbp bc /lyp( s

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from h glqde )ey3:()r (ory20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy isq)yh3le g r(r(oy) :ed expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated en z(tkv-z+ 1tsvvironment. During the event, the gas exz(sz1 tvt k-+vchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermqg*3 3wol )k84kioeyk odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o6 88wvmv m,lwnt:hqnwav ; hpv2e10t 2riginal volume during an adiabatic process. The final281 a2wh:twwvv0te 8 m;v,qhvnnl6p m pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one c6 o* ::dxuig -v1juhk0kro:q dontains -k i: ogoqujv0 :6hrkd *:x1ud$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excenbq +ugia6( *rl/ *fuzq4j;7pozg re:pt that one contains4fr*e; qzu jgbl: u/p+67(ao*i zqn gr $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is ac.km.. bntoewclb5t*p/;vg 6n

  In an isobaric process1bt6 d.ab s6 ;gjntfn: vp5wt4, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynami ryq0*c3ifmj/cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as he 69 dxu g5w +fu62w9mefvz1prlat is added to it. This procesfe9uz vgu r2m66d 95w+pwx f1ls is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at conp8g8/mc e dic1s5:hazstant pressure. As a result, the internal 5ch1mc a:8 gez /pdi8senergy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagx.+h yg(y2u92(hrll k kmsq ev5dtf+;ram is

  In an isochoric process,/ah zi/rpp her(.0jq7 there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamo3orl p x1:81v6z qm g/*sqxnmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addegp7m ;x.kgdoiq,w6 e- d to it. Thisim-.g7k g6,de ;wqxpo process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a s/4j qn7nvx0n8ww8 zm sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ofns8 qmj/wnvwxn z870 4 the gas

State the first law of thermody;ms/;eejr+ b enamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reseb)*vtz7lxmc** ii:jo e)k3ng cvy3-xrvoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat ffjn51*pzm*kh ;tjee3rom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second lawnjv.wljag)0:; h8 hy zs,8et3gjwj o 4 of thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mula5 xwf7.9+u07oeki / zu q-qd5 r qutcz.qk6dch work is done by an engine op 6tod5.u 9i7qq5. zx07q-q+kuew/c ur zl dafkerating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the nqfn g,q-)9lm ratio of

  If the theoretical effyot;m4 9gf7k*ie e k)jiciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustoi eg;)t9f k 4*mjey7k be

  A Carnot cycle consi nynrjat5( t1* kg se3tz,b)cdt::zo .sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck st1*1)2c kuq mlpa,)ksy.)pxg+keteav atement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refriy49yqcbx/rt m6dhcpy)v 3+t7 gerator is defined as the ratio ofh 36r)49y+tb v/x7 dqpyymcc t

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of mdt;v 9ql1b7xp-4lf30iccc la heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wate3z0u 7u rxgeu3e o2g)er

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process . 2 jw9ttmiaa+that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the ct9.m+jt2 wiaa hoices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of therm;a uopg8fce/(nkd+h 8a yt0 d9odynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics lea)ooay+ps4 b) egy f/;lds us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process,fmb1 p,t2mhn yb,;qs1lgu;-;q spa c4mnbs27 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is theq bq pm-h 4n7nus2m;fg ;s 1s2yt,am lb;cpb,1 change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an i37dupoxm/ 7a;l cw2 dkdeal gas. What is the wor /2m;a7o3d x dwplkcu7k done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal q ,o9+e j* aufz.2gsz1blv gz7process is -400 J. What is the change in infs l9+ 2ae,oz 7j *zbvgzqg.1uternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gaxn v.xqzyz 4,/s adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy oxnz.qx zv/ 4,yf the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes a 57 mml(omi5 dtfb/zbj,u s2:kn adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal 2/j bm5mi(b,:u l s5 kfzdmo7tenergy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. 8c0ma r8 n /tdvd(u-ust)eg/g What igav(tug 8m e8c0/ nsr/dud -t)s the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a 2khd7w r(prw b6:jeq5 system decreases by 50 J. What 5 76d2 eh(brrwk:jpw qis the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas kni:i s1z.7npt.e( i tis maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gase7is.t k1zip:nni(.t. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energbbhrknm t+za95j 5b- 30 c3mud pbc3s3y is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample0htbn 3a-rd9cpcz3uj m355 s3bmb+k b ?

  A system consists of 3.0 ,+va1(fuj4 adq en 9,kzupfe:kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What etfgac7x,r4d 5c(+k i is the efficiencieak tr,cx+d754g (cf y?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J o t1bsm q. r;; pj6tug:qip*c6of heat per cycle. How m.pt*: tpsj qiq1bc;r6g ;u6o much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0:abw (m44jz/zws2o n l% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does im44(/ :zwjzwsa l2 bnot exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcxk8)g8 mnxm/ cal. Calculate the effikxgmxn88/ ) cmciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exha.ksxykh 1j1; iusts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cy .kxi1;sykj 1hcle.

  One of the most efficiytl n faz7a3 *4td+eor1c7a(bent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temper(ft a1a7o c+3rtnad y4 *7lzbeature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far4s r ; zs,k/4uiwqpuv* has the following characteristics: combustion, szvks4u;uw i/p4qr* chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following char k9-msxb a(s sgfm 8u.g-6-ksmacteristics: combustis sgm--kxk-(gms a.f u6s b89mon chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generatesub t1za..:dla 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant gep )l(i.x5ao mkcs yb),h g7z;onerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW d +4dfrmkg(*(x07vg zig*( zv(hms h yof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of a8wnl7l +s .3u:srqyyads8z) sn engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencyk dao7;k1x;too 0 v9vizi,j.v possible for an engine operating betw,i vt o9 x; ;7z0v.kvok1idaojeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Car3 a/vzq-6 thsqnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir-aq sz th/q6v3 if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betcvw;k:mvskf/ b)1tp-j av4(o s s i17jween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heatks5j0 3gr 6yzw w6wdwau, -y2s from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is rw su5sa6wk26ww yyjdg ,-r z30equired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment a9 f1h5 g7wd1ls um qd;bok:kl-t the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room pe:b5uo-g19f wmk;1 sd lkhq d7lr cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigeratdyrq rr,n0iw 890clda5 cq +a6or absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 3566n8l50ci9 r w+qc ar0,ydqard J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melog.ple6a+ af 5t at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrv .utap)aqspqo0*8/ iopy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at 8/ q2bkjj df-hSTP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chan-jfbk qd h8/2jges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ( xyd/2 7zldsr$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.