The process shown on the T-V gra4ennoc+s)0dsxeg7ql gh 57r5o *:z tc ph is an

  In an isothermal process, dmls(pa 5hso8r2 xgn*5t8 + etthere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicstt435 lgkje(d fj l7)22 gjgra, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in i dv40mp5 uag9ots temperature. ou9 a45m0vgpdThis process is

  An ideal gas is compressx50 dwg20 t0qk(h tamz9rdr4uym/+j fed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed t twu (kxm 29z0+r0fd5rytahq04jgd/m he gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volub,6qj0z :t h0 agn)acfme during an isothermal process. The final presz60 na,f0ag qhb:jc) tsure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isoqk/;zm 7mzs4)tj*ve ithermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy 4v 7;)mt iskqzzem/* jis expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed i k7jhdcz*ys *9n an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrok*hdyzc7s9 j* undings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics,f9g;qzi(llo 1u,) xx nkd z*;i $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas +hx4pi n(x 4sb6ajc.xis compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Tiph4 46bjxanx x(.+sche final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai .(1yna i/tzc8n8wl rcns i/w c8a y(n8ltcz r1.n$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excepd/y.zd8e3+n dnz;qkdbp/2rh x8lum2 t that one contains 3x88dbm z ;ddy/d2 .h ekq2rnpn+lu/ z$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the Pu .b3mf3g 6k8bv-uln) ihml )hV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, tr; 1whurypqfe+z t 32s-a6(xhhere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicsvkhz/v bh/ u;/, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to ex t6js z:ee+wv),:rdaapand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process,w)at+:ezd: vr sj6 ae is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of id:pi(a:mb,5 ebq-sx n aeal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energesm-x5q ab,ba:n :i(p y of the gas

  The process shown on theu g w3wqo:7s;hk+o-ax PV diagram is

  In an isochoric procesq.n( jd6qs9ny s, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynami (rru ri53 *a4ns:,q pmscriv7cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a riz hi/s )nz))i5z nd03sw2 ux cgrm.5upgid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process2pg )zd r )in5uz/3musxc) nzi0.ws5 h is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferjo m*pm 3hx:(nred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, h:(* pmnm3ox jthe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamim1o0zmbt r.rc-f3kfde 7 a/ ru .,;uggcs.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rescm,h 9h/qd9g0(zalx b ervoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir ; wu*)18m 3) jmpwjf*p3uqzsu bbvr:lto a hot reservoir?

State the second law of tz7kan ph+ug4 z16vig :hermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cyclexm5(2sh2eqg(tc rn)b , how much work is done by an engine e)xt(sr(2b5cn gqh2m operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat )c nxrx g7kia47)t1saengine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to bejnhv 4dka.h:+ 100%, the heat sink must nk4.h:hj+ dvabe

  A Carnot cycle consists8 x+b9orw ap8,4v(wuut7adqy of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.xgcj 0c/:z 48z-xjdkq

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrig-n4e i. k3 hlshs /q,vxga9yiy);bc6lerator is defined as the ratio o-sqhlyxs) 6;, bkchli/ga y.34in9evf

  The coefficient of performan-mw6ikj6yt h0d;o(xnce (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the way.x -h9jtxhb 2ter

  According to the second law of thermodynay; j(jqu2+r.zp:l aclmics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices a:(juaq y.jz +l;c2prlpplies?

Give a general statement of the seconbj dod70x 47wnd law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclu nw1(tx9 j rzi1:mvgo/de that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J b z mn)i6j9u3a;uqj5e of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internalj;3nbue6mziauq5) 9 j energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. W+)dzkm8 1xx cnhat is the wornm1k dx )xzc8+k done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal prj 3 oqn;;m;pnvocess is -400 J. What is the ;; 3ojpm q;nvnchange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas09piti vf0 pr d:;ro8z0duv a8 adiabatically. What is the change in irop; v d0fr zia:0898 ti0upvdnternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an az*ap 8 xz*qgzsm923 jgdiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change inzza * qg8jpz2m*x g9s3 internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the inr c xf/yl sk4e7evv8)3ternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work sklr)8c x3eevyf/ 4v7 done?

  In an isochoric process, the03m;.k mleb- ;/tzlezn4jwoo internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thzzeltew/4n;.m 30b ojo -m;k le heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monato 4rfo 3jeq wxw7v v,9kl9;6nbtmic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is acce36vfbq7vorl9kt , xnw 9wj;4omplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at consta 3fp6v +bsbj e8/zqavzsw)7.tnt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas araqs/8w 7.vp3zse6z t+fj bb)ve in the sample?

  A system consists of 3 6j7m hxitjm- ki/;bu5.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eachh6b7 7 sqfdsp9nd d1)c cycle. What is the effic 1sq9bnhfdspcd 776)d iency?

  A heat engine has an efficiene8qqa dq0vzi. yw9 *3pcy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muchdqp.za3 * veyi 0w89qq work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receiv9r-z b-h-tcwk ya:bt6es 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cb6y-bk9wh:tr zt- - acycle?

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  A heat engine absorbs3(7x c s 5f8apied7fbw 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency oefd5(p3wa xf 77i8s bcf each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ognpn) l7 o7-lnf heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate tpl7n)ogn 7- nlhe work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following *+wkjb)w pa. )ck,s8e9wuatocharacteristics: combustion chamberpkc )t.k9 ab woa,wje+s8wu)* temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chargwsfu.)0ok:hn226 hj pqn b3yacteristics: com o s22gqf 6b0j):phnwy3u.nkhbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so fa y+*emo1iy,kd r has the following characteristics: combustion chamb kdm yi*o,+ye1er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The planp(jtjbv6 y(:26nw c gnt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pl(bi n1hnq6 ph0ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant g; *y* b rpte.jwxwno3;enerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engy*ecdyndq p (29;r(wbine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efwbn1a /ifz g91ficiency possible for an engine operating betwe/1z an 1wb9gfien $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatureh5 f)oa yzwvqu 2j5y27 of the cold reser5yvj z2) 7hoaqf2y 5wuvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwe. iy e+ha9m55ixtc+phlc0t d;en $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment j03p6 v 5-o3uv utd wop66fuvaat the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required inpoop6d t56u- 3 wuvva63vu fj0 each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compau(itit a h utyj9/41:srtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a rh tsuu:4 t (19/tyiijaoom per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a/gw7q7lslu zv qm6- ;m refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 35/wvmm; qg7 zlq6sl-7u6 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change ihk mn mng3+7r,.oct o5n entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy ijdoj,oq )y 2 ku5q:bo)s

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes a pdtz,6*srcv9 n isothermal expansion and its entropy zt6r 9*d,svcp changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at :hvzb4hbg 2z(fv-ru ss-,k9 e $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.