The process shown on the T-V graph is a.yczk7l c7 .fjn

  In an isothermal process, the xac,8purax2g:,2 inqgkoe2pk9 g3v7 re is no change in

  When the first law of thermoda /h-inludv1sa a03o(ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume aty;uxy buie++-44cjwith no change in its temperature. This pro;+eaxtiu -u4 4 cyb+jycess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 2 dd,7 eb9hbohn.y v;7n0 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of inb.;dv,nyd9e h7n o bh7ternal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duri6w9ty)1 i razvng an isothermal process. Thyrvwt) azi961 e final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 8hva agvkv1941r0yt a 6 J of energ 8aykag0 4h av1vrv9t1y is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Durinu 9z+(haxzk4d m5e2zyg the event, the gas exchanged no heat wi(m z95xade k4huz2z y+th its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law ofpb x-o3lup ts4 wxzyp91 66iq4 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is comtkjb4esx;t.m7v+4 w m z-zx/lpressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressw mb-kt7zx;x vtz4+/e jmsl4.ure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one /l :p 0cp-yg digsc0xc 2*f+vlcontainsp*s0g+xyp:cdlv l c-2g0/ifc $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in alla7)tnpd/s o,d respects except that one contains ta/od dp7n,)s$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on bz+d g+m-x63uvk t mb)the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there*pn ;iwn 4c 4gqflly05 is no change in

  When the first law of 8 lxoa e+jmj-:d1 4h rqg4yvrc,hwm89thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constantsf,qr4kpijgh,hp- i v-p// 95 ;af vzy pressure as heat is added to it. This process isifz ai/fv/-kj -5h;v9,q,4p prysg ph

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of i6bze7( of o-zz7uyox2qg b58 vdeal gas at constant preof o8 62g5bx zyvz7bzo 7(qeu-ssure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV di )jcflq*mf* yk, :.(wanvaiuwc((:sf agram is

  In an isochoric process, there bn1i cp9(em0ezw 42wq g+o+u xis no change in

  When the first law og)wf i9ofx uoc8(t+8tmw(ui0 f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container thl6gdih1)+jju,f co+wat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thicgw+ +u6,dlifjhj )o1s process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are 1x 3r1n*vw.lj yp huq5transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a resupuj1wn 5*hy .x13vl rqlt, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of ;ius2unk.;f:gq gj g3o3k hw +thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to trans k)/uov/p; yvo;yxnj2 fer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from aoqvsouo85usxj mgh21+)++ rtlh++sh cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to 3 fnj /jfx6va/Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustratez ugg;dz19o3 uzps8e8elm) p*d here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatinzep uem*g8 spz38 oglz)9d;u1 g on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat e 2ly tq.drls:;ngine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of*t;j dkdjnz;*x 0p 1lb a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustnl;j*z* dpbj ;xk10td be

  A Carnot cycle consi d ,;xttl5m aqh)muwi4 jbk9ri2/)cj +sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of th-7lrw8mfh.(ia0pc o mermodynamics.

  The coefficient of perf85 tz m0st:56zyqhta tormance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o55: y m 8zh0ttsqttz6af

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat 7 7 tlhpd, pfr+0ldzrb3b(2bipump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of /q 02czpfc v3qqcy*0u the water

  According to the second law zo31uq 9g :rorof thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choiooz1g3 r:9rq uces applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of therm;p7ylis1x1v( l l+ xnkn yx3p (kgm7.fodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics lead, (ni0df8 t4tv8tgx njs us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frome(e8xcqdh 2t0 g16tyi an ideal gas. What is8dexh2(e1tq6 ci gy0 t the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal proceiiengck0y p (jy o+k9qg5x5 +,ss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is th ipjiy9+ogxc 0nk g5(,yq+ek5 e work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What +yq,nb.rhi;9 qyb b4w/cj p71yby2 jtis t;b9,hn.2jyyb4tc/ b1ipy qrwb7+y q j he change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change i02saka) +n nvxn internal energy of the 2+n0a svk xan)gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic processf 5lx3-jf ksh* while doing 25 J of work. What is the chsf*fxjhk 5 -l3ange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the interna k.lvfxhvoa*b*la qj /1: 3tm-l energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What i** 1 vhlblt3f.v:o/xmqa jka-s the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 ;dxb +v u,xd8tfm7sekl 4/iq 8J. What is the heat exchanx;,dlitb4vfx uk+s8e8 7/ qdmge?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained admswu1d 5v5p ;t constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. Thi; 5pdw vd1ums5s feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is r+fpzkv8 gt- 2,ujkf1memoved from it. How many moles of gas are puj8f t -1f gk,m+2vzkin the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg m y(ij5 5xqrscax/q x 8+vt8w6of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 Jdpw8n:r1swfq n/zsj-/j+ kdtsu (* 1f of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the esdnw/jsu q/8( *1 :ff 1zdwktjs +n-rpfficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J 8p-;xi *nl c6omzerq7x b7jc7 of heat per cycle. How much wor bm6 8nz7occpq e rl;ijx7*-7xk does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.92brlq)jt xq 20% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much h)2 tr2bxq9jlqeat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of h(xm(5fa) w wwijz+ fd( 6(cxqahf*in4eat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eaii(+cxf x f*( fwq(4)5 j6nmda wah(wzch cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhau 2uflzhgn35q 0yu- 7d py,fz8psts 42 kcal. Calculate the work dhz7ug -y5l pzpuf yn q80,2d3fone each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chara1-zrqx7f( qm hcteristics: combustion chamberfqq1z- x(hr7m temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so fara71w m cmf(xv4vghbuwx4i 3 92 has the following characteristics: co h4b9 m74mvic wxxv31(2ag wfumbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient enging5ggoh u62ko0.t ) njees built so far has the following characteristics: combustion ch65k)gut 2 g.0eohj ongamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Th 4dgh6,v5vl7o* rxno*mqhm9u e plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mtv0 2*2wta lbz8xr xhdq mm)+:W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The qxp8/m v7a,m5qp) mahplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates hwem* )o ,;vkqbetween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an,tyfu l0 py-oih09s2n engine operating between s i,uhtln2-fy0o9y0 p$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tempebmed5w .wwiyj k(3-jpy 6d2t1rature of the cold resj ddy.3 5-(kbwe1m jp6yi wwt2ervoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingkx *eh:gi, .r-rpc6gz between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment a( m j9 4vkbnet:7y/e:xdlu fn-t the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work e/bmv7nut: f9y4d( x :ne-ljkis required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes he -hc 5yioe7 1ngb,ygv5at from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perfcvn yy gi5-7 5geb1,hoormance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrk3:he hq:- efs h:8+cwjus9myigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in eam+:h:3-:9 f 8hswksc eyqujh ech cycle?

  What is the change in en.tn(cqd mm48ypvxi;- tropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrbzant9 r*7eg0 opy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion an 1s)z+q kobk *ta ss8kxa6e.t:d its entropy +.a k8koxs6 :b 1*tkeszts aq)changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 87kc w(mhe n5j c* lk,1(tjnxx$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.