1. Which of the following couldc2mq0uiv + wg; be part of the description of a forest habitat on + iug;20vqcwma mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required forcon ij06(m/xgeo z+i5 coral reef formation in an oo xi/jcmne(o56g +i0zcean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature of a tundra6fduu2l aej(*m, 4 idx biome but not for a taiga b 6ia*ul2,d(4dufmj e xiome?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of tolerance of a speciem0dfyz4s.u5tz- l us-s?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal dens,rm/,mt1 7h1k0t e txt* +jgvf ll;ndlity

(c) Leaves at the top of tall stems.ii5wsv1( n2w, g,tqm- koi:xp

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the dete nrmx7l (h*6pqrminants of the type of terrestriapn6rl7m( *q hxl biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these biomes that may w,udshdx8*)n o,x9qkchange due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this changeqdws, x 8u*xh9n)d,k o may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the protected areas n jq(x:a s r7cii0vb88of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is iqvxc0b 7n 8:ra(i8j sprotected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plan(g(kl0bcw6 piac 4a3m gk o ek70k0u4dts avoid being consumed by herbivorous animalkd0k0p g7 cg3 i(uke4ac6wa0 ok4mb(ls.