1. Which of the following could be part of the descrip2 )u8wa3vbto kyx,anp yx8) u2tion of a forest habitat on a mountain? ) uay,bkwxtu)ax y2 pn88o3 2v
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditnzyk*,q4lsr tqd 6uqwy)/b66h ck(3 a ions required for coral reef formation in an ocer suqy4 kk( 6bw l cq,6ady/)3zqnh*t6an?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct featurokwz8ogmgw)hn;6 7)zpk -vp/ e of a tundra biome but not for a taiz - p78wwmkgnhgp)k;)o/z6o v ga biome?

  4. What is the best description of the limigo 0-9qgt( q17 0drxmt(b rxyzts of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densibs)j vi+ivc )7ty

(c) Leaves at the toh.*ssnk g o+k9z:h-3xxt k h;s((e pljp of tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of the type of teb( do.* vx.qlfrrestrial b(. xblqdvf.o*iome.

(b) Suggest one example oh,zs:w+ )jnocik szs0x +7-hvce s *m8f an area occupied by one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this change mas ms hxsceh8co7*ws)0n:zk+vz ,i j+-y happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible fo ezi6-aed.0rrz/t d.ir the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservati-ad0/iz rzdi6r .e .eton areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants6t* ld vmclxb)5fk /0t-sdx (76trdqx 8r r,ns avoid being consumed by herbivorous animal6dtq6lsn v8l7d t-k(, xb0rr dxc5f rtx/ *)mss.