The process shown on the T-V graq/w xmxo t32j,ph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no zl8jy*zhb.8 wi/fcfwz, d/e to +4yq* change in

  When the first law of thermodyn;ii3r)mn69oy bm(r i-:lp vmqamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original,i6uhd le vf h2*6gt4cn-ss-j volume with no change in its temperature. This pro-i* 4gdl ,nhs6fh6 uj-2tcvs ecess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 Lyjc8hzk, mwskcu 5* 54. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the chanc8cy5k ,kzsjm *w u5h4ge of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origin*2n)0*wptr, k,nty b3iw ftkdal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressurwtt*tki3d , r0yb n,*f )2kpnwe of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 .- igtt k:wesqv79 / cxbt hlzut*w7+,L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism th7qvzw9s/b ew7:t h-lct iu+*g,xkt.tat expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the eveom-ndc qb ;v27nt, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundinm2;cdnq v7- bogs. This process is

  When the first law of thermodyna mvq al )wnx /zz30yox063s;o+vqs: ujmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during andqct 76m 1s:4udal+ vz adiabatic process. The final prest:vl cqm4a+u1 7d6dzssure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectsvqz0qs/6-ar qrmmp+ / except that one contains + a0qzrsqvr/qp -6m/m$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identicalt4q(0r77 w p sc pt*da: uh9dbckes.t; in all respects except that one contains at*p.htbd9u7 ; 7:0(4wpceqstrcdks$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is a7n+yh-oq-n u s8kayd w./ hr,gn

  In an isobaric process, there is no chy l)8hd/jnp a*ange in

  When the first law of thermodynamicsj odq 7(iffyy4 9t5pk8, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added tqxss x02ey7h4 rb,m3 hh.l xu3o it. This proces3mx,l2x 0hux4y ess3q h7.hbrs is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas ) s4h6xtt :67lh wicmaat constant press 4t76a )c:hsit h6lwmxure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the P 51gh06hmnsen0 +dqzi V diagram is

  In an isochoric process, thehk8tl z7t9/94n* j lcpa1gj sjre is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, autv . +r c:+d +kbe0dszpw2a7.xi-am$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contain *x fjxs18c:d 3zbkt br/th.a+5yjzt5er that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thz bxz5 3sa xttf8r/th5:jb*.kd +c1yjis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transmmi*xjw: ;7.elyhqn *ferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volumehq *xmw;*yjnli. em7:. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodazxru54,o6/8ol7znz/hnkvc- -m z: j 6fxmgiynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoi t;t:r00 k7fs,hwhr alr to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a col ruke3bq-dqq nq7+x1k083 6dn ,iwfg ud reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordin+ eng1 z8nc 2bj:nubtg9:ui .gg to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated her9-wt,i6 ebls jvoh 2o-e. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thiset io wlbhj6o2-v,9s- cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as th /-yxj zx*vy.ne ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carno 7zs60jz:3 xcyp kfvk ,qxr25ut engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b ,qcfk2:5r0yvksx63 xjp7zu ze

  A Carnot cycle consiwag ovr +v;+lyv je3)5sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of tcz; (+u2 bpz:dxp7wqahe second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of perfo*z5a: oiye l/prmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o*a/ zpliy5o:e f

  The coefficient of performance j dn/bk+z65;zljijh 5(COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the water1fx9kh +o3t2eysn vp 4

  According to the second law of thermodynamics,quc z8sc*d-8q yw4i d3 for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the chu8-3cq4 c ydswdzq*i8 oices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of therm(e 36yxm v1g5g5ay5m zni pvz,odynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads uoft 4c 5wlu;i-( yu2r6v ci:olx1p8z es to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hea,fw10vax2tcapau b;,pr7 q *bt is removed from an ideal gas. What is the cha0pcva*fup a;7b,bxtq1r2, a w nge in internal energy?

  During an isothermal pron. 8-:vj d ;5wejtahlkcess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work dond n j:tae8 ;k.hvwjl-5e in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gaskhtl96vpt bc .*u v5h9 system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change 5 vplv9ut9h6b* tk. chin internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adihyir4 xswph,o5*o+ )qabatically. What is the change in internal ener+ )hw,r 5o 4isphxo*yqgy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wb3ojv , ra75lnhat is the changr3l,bj o5n7va e in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system d6abtfp hqyecl+n)*4wo6-lee :.z k 6oecreases by 50 J. What is the workh-q *z6lkl ot ae.p c)weo4:bf+yn66e done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of lmx j:6jiur*d2vn7 (ca system decreases by 50 J. What is the hevix7m *c(udlr jnj:62 at exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas isg+xwl fjf.59( 4nhwnu maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy wf+l (. n4whx5 9gujfnfrom the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whntp/49efx7ef /)r)k )q f;mzg;ik rbz en 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?t ;pm/zin /;9 7eef4) b))rkfxzrfgkq

  A system consists of 3.0zm/ dea,*nq,ohkj clmts 61 /6 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heaq2e*31x0haux p5o s roh06qoj t and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is teu0a*1h6pr5xqqx2j h0o 3 ooshe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receieny mcedetx t/x0m,k5,/k:v, ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does icy 5:tdmxe mk,e//k,tn0 ve,xt perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receiveu* clp2y/5n z )ewsb9ls 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does islcy pe5 l)n/*zb2wu9 t exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcaly619ymjm7g djfs,c w8ycc3alst (:1v of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of edc cmf 1 ygsjm 1(6 s3jy9:tw78a,vcylach cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Ca09zdqg,ihk 6alculate 6zd ,ik9a0gh qthe work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterist4gfbi si.)dv* 8 xxfn5ics: combustfdi 4sg 58nx*bx .vif)ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so3gbn+0pt5 u vs far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturpnb5vu0+ts 3g e = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines *ip2be 0 .zllm.w7lxsbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temper xm s.i2pz ll*0l7b.weature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The planf k./wz ov7w2pt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWucpmxq b 5cm;t,q (8x: of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M23 pokn*5qcnsW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of a nwp5p1) m.dsin engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theore6)s vyjq4s -vgtical efficiency possible for an engine operating between syg4svj-q)6v$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatur3 uha 0(pu4p 6e:hexrle of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hh6u (0ru leax4p3hp :eot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating beqva+nmq nw9p*xa.238b z ay3ltween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmencf42tgjdlz.1vukv91 i m)3 zht at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24hvjl3gu z.f)mi 4291v1d zt ck kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the frzp01r hp8eprd/ffy- 1 eezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is 0f1 8/hpef1rpzypdr- the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refr,yy sv v o,+b fj;+n.9jqnpe9jigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the rj9y yjbpv,+v9 nn;e.j+q sof,oom. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change inisnd yh*m4 e3* entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice frefgl6+ vjzu58 *gtk 9oiezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoesvbo ;8e9x d3eq an isothermal expansion and its entropy ;ob3edv8q9ex changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at b+s 6b. z)gmcx;5jdj h$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.