1. Which of the following could be part of the descr,bo ;ev4 vdzu3iption of a forest habitat on a ; bzevo34dvu,mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coralwjbrv/r //nt3r cgm .; reef formation in an ocean?r// v rjcb;wr/3mn. gt
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature of a tundra biocmx(kfmx+5/f3fqga to(:v2a gkx1/fz g, / p pme but not for a taiga biome?(of mx gxgx//vk pfm/ g52ff q3:ka(zcap+,1t

  4. What is the best description of the l3),xvbrw+ zadimits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densiwq ey;(aq2dgh0*v9du ty

(c) Leaves at the top rg1. :xc *hg.mdop8j 9vu-tvpof tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors0 f6kab .c/4fydtt;spis :mo9 that are the determinants of the type of terrestrial biombayp/of4. 0i ckmdf 6;s9stt:e.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these biomes tnc2 -yw w73x0 qdw taz9r.tp3ihat may change due to global warminw-wwqd23.0ipz3 txy97n t cra g. Suggest a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is re/molcbmb80k5v7jpur l*)ihq 9 t87gzsponsible for the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. Thzr jmlm8pk5it8*obvh) q/0l 7gu c79be conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which hvb . 4gk.ax(tplants avoid being consumed by herbivorous animalsk.h.4bagv(t x .