The process shown on txua7-ml9ziorb ej 22.he T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change i2o*y(c6.rd8w,z9fw /sqk ,l bdmfl wzn

  When the first law of +u*9 wdrv / mn4b)mzohthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volumec9v 6c 4h a,whtmww3 2(ws8vuc with no change in its temperature. ww3wt cvh6 vwm4ua2( 8sc9c,h This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thiqbi75x ghye ovoy:z8134w08.ghsm m fs process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed thbqo yz 8g8v1 5x.egmsoh: y4imf307hwe gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half8.hv pvxvej8q f9gwz4:55u am its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of 8ajumg.4:wvzv q5pe vhx5f 89the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from wawe/ q/5rww 2b 3g+xh20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Wh5+e rgx/ ww2q/wabhw3ich of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isqp:2 js+ookl. 0/ioxaj4sbr7g1 x p+tolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged n:+ +spx4 ij to0xl 2j/bgrso.oka 17pqo heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamic+uw18e g1 pp2 chrww1ls, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to z9kix0f ccu /sc* 7oy.hcy3v*one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fi*9y.h xzfov7y*ckc/ c 03iu csnal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex;-k ud sxdctu+4b 9+jqcept that one contains buc+d9u- sd4 +xqt;kj $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders cwc3z ww2 /-fkof gas identical in all respects except that one contains w3-k/wfcz2 cw$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on *in4zw(t:vk;z4 l.glgu-kjr the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no wsqijaj.kd0n; )9wd+change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, *k;r 5i9*o9x/tl tc/kpzk lc o$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expa8c3)owl67-pz ni+j ztnhyr +vnd at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This processp)lhzwj ocy7+3z6 8ni +tvr-n is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idslam pjv)6e16eal gas at constant pressure. As a resultpmv 6s)j 6lea1, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV *vczc/ tj t k7ocjey)qb(x s4(o f e2s.h/k/o)diagram is

  In an isochoric process, t3zyf xrs84c 9w28;lqolqaem. here is no change in

  When the first law of thernfjl vj4(-* 5pv5snlj modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contai3q d4g x.m.xxge)ie ;tner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. tme..xd4)3e;gi gqx x This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy aru vpw)6v)6l u 3g*xnupe+sbt 0e transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volum3)x+b ut6pue )vsu0nl 6gwvp*e. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamicsh+z ,/0fmyi xbgh ha0;.

  Is it possible to transfer heat frs 2yt+,eimbu9 om a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold rese9gn 4f.jk4ines,y g z8rvoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of tly ,4) , fvlx*i6 bq,icax0lxjhermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During onev g6:)fy(g7 fcw nydy- cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating nv:-y6w7 dyc gg()ff yon this cycle?

  The efficiency of a 63o*z .q0dm(c bzkk; j r7nuj*s uge;qheat engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink m6g(ii-rame0,i ;:llzhgjsyi. c6n1 kf3 5 ipjustf 0zkymi( .1j5:g e;ai6is6ljp h-clg 3irin, be

  A Carnot cycle consiaqn93v7:qh 3 -fvkcdqq*ohf 8sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second.+f0e43h- yd ptb4p/lae wgkm law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance ( rz xtgek3,8h1COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofr3,1gk8texzh

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump isu7r uxpzrr21;7r2 vk i defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of theo-9slr u+w/uc water

  According to the secoty5.01 a22jfhjs0 bw-ua fmybnd law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system0 fytyj1a m. 2b- s0hb5wu2jaf, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statementz0swdb 4g8,bg of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thez u3p1ow0 yzo0rmodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heatvx 14 cy+urws0 is removed from an ideal gas. What c+ ru y4x0v1swis the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of kosz0lo uf8.n qyp h3a6wn80)heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done inanowl.0y h6o88 f p zsk0qn)u3 the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isother o(. npp; l,m+httfw1hmal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal ener+h mp;tlf,h n1p o(wt.gy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. 95zvrzd d.6 (+bagr; zfb08apmmlz e2 What is the change in internal r;e6 05 .mgzm9 rf8lz bzavd(b2azd p+energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an rdl2,y;nhg 3 o8aykf,adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chang23ok na8hyflg;yd,, r e in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases l8zq0q9 c)o lrby 50 J. What is th8cl oq)qz9r0le work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases am1wd8m) :wb fby 50 J. What is the heat exchange? 1m: )wadbmfw8

  A certain amount of a .zevtwk/r a+/ o3isgm 3g71etmonatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by tgs7te . 1/ krm/oage3 +3zvtiwhe gas?

  A monatomic gas is coodbi4(.: drjxbn*7 3llumo2fl led by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in thedlb3ju*mlnf :x24 (i .d bl7ro sample?

  A system consists of gwgy3hxsk6se +pg:qxqtc)b44 .+d-9 x+ihcw 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in 3e*e 5io:ekateach cycle. What is the efficienc 5ktei :ao3e*ey?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rec -)(ceasp+6pjflxeuw;4u 7ym eives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it peac6e+(py -u4m ;s7)wxelp fj urform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per c+4s 5;:h46 jtm4hmjqhjqy9;fviiz;uy/zrt wycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycl hmqw4 /;y;;5:quh4t9f ijmriyzv htj6 z+js4e?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal -y;tvygv:xih;g e k62/lg v7q of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eachg6ei-7hyggvlkq2t ;xvy v/;: cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycl9iie5fnkec y2wi 7:)/h qh)iqe and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work i9c) n :ei 2i/iqew75hhfkqy)done each cycle.

  One of the most effici-s5k2vw42f zl vjr( iient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperlwf(z 54-vkvr jsi2i2ature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines bui-ooe(l-t e k0 g)gesgt 3n/if.lt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperat(e3 /)fg tkognilt-.eeg s0 o-ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cha. r: (seztn)wxracteristics: combustion chamber temperature =:(x.wn s )zetr $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mp m(k/e(ixpc ;W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele:/wi2uynic p8p rb02q,tsmt0:y*lokjt /a 4 l ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWc (0cbm5rp0ts:j.z zy of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot eag1tv7:bvhryl .69 tpfficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating beqe6yq rypd c.a7n3 tm c9ih5.:4dt+oitwc:e7.i+ p6ot9qmt.d da4 hc y3 5yniqreen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 3 1zyfj 8sd.jaf)r/kmdwmkc2y 14v.sq/ *aq+ i5.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservvfdjd2wy 1sq*sizr4 .jfm k /m.a+)qy 8a 1/kcoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating bet ziovu4c -sr q2zk39j2ween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ8 yo83.jbndtw and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requir 8 .toy38bnjdwed in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ 0xjl 1h9v,q hrand ejechh1qlxrjv ,9 0ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of op3apz q 0rb-)oyeration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input i- q)ypb0za3 ors required in each cycle?

  What is the change in eqxj ui: b40p.fntropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrop2dhl+usj ei7q.t1 3 wpa5fbv6k t()lgy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expanstli wi f,l)k 672 fsjro ;2q3jt3ma,zeion and its entropy i,j2eoz 3 6tsl,wm rjktf fq)a l27i3;changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at a42 0kp4hu5we1glxjx$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.