The process shown on the T-V graph i 1tt0tp6*jtiyy- v6r ps an

  In an isothermal process, there 81gj.teaf (.v,. zrzeo ogku7is no change in

  When the first law of thg,l bn6-w+vz nermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its oa92 gapbb n.4sriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This p .na24 b9psabgrocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fro-.afprw:l ti**p o)azchqk+4 m 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for th zpq -p*wh4f+kco)a ta*. rl:iis gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume dul gjg4s0)3j9;johcj1ffkqygg )l, / zring an isothermal process. The fin)cgsj0yof zgljhj,qjgg 93/ 4)lfk; 1al pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermallzj66e+o do6vry from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that o6r 6ej+ozd 6vexpanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, th d01ci tda)zk4f *bw:ye gas exchanged no heat 1ka 4fd:i yb)0dtc wz*with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law okgt6d67breokon 3 +(zkwz) ,vv t+m2 jf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas 1m9ycc-x gh 7ais compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic x -1mh9 cycga7process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders-or4xp ciawv i,bh59yy5* c4t of gas identical in all respects except that one contains vyc 4xr*wii9oph-ta c545 y b,$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conxjlb4:a l x-7mtainsaxj l:-4mlx7 b $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is a jdm *0zst6d.tn

  In an isobaric process, t e/dz d5+z6pzkhere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics 00axt 9ws-6;xnxcc+miglx6 j, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant h 3; jb)uv(vcvpressure as heat is added to it. This process i j)v(vv 3hbu;cs

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gapo8 ,7 vfq .;3tytai;qu5hi(c i dha;bs at constant pressure. As a result, the internal enerq (3ha; d; y8iv ,btih7oui;.ctpq5fagy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is emuk.r i evq:;f+/u x 6+oe4eu

  In an isochoric process, there is psortx60s8 qys45qj, no change in

  When the first law of thermodygl+1 8jtn9bydct*/ knnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a r34c- zu mbqpa5ctm 3c7igid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pro4t cmpzc3au7cb3-qm5 cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cos8fzcy6sz 8:qb;gj)n f39f vvnstant volume. As a result, tq9fb v 8ynf6f3g zz :s8c;js)vhe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thern)okiw mqs qzc2+0() vmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a 9 njw2bfxww.pr9wv8 ;0 yszy1 cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to trans06; k/huw;rg/:mwjpojdto s (fer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordinm0i2fu, jee4c8+o/ fkzpos u7g to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one wtevl: 9q-hrqt) wy70 cycle, how much work is d9rtq h)y7:lt-0qvwew one by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engm:w lqg53k g.ets .1efine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the kerma/w:d r,;heat sink must be/r; ,:mdr aewk

  A Carnot cycle consists onb vn+si4 ,g3bf

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second lawpb3 teeq6e +(gc ia17j f:xua- of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (CO.p 6d fkzvew14P) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oekvz 1fd64p w.f

  The coefficient of perforiw9in 3c:jvl0c yz;m,mance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy (*l.ikr q+ayb of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may o6j xwia 6rzp.,ccur within an6jpxziw .ar6 , isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of the g*zv0-eyqw+ x5x6 eryrmodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics qh d(t;d 7k5utleads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frv .m w3-f.jirb(n w,awom an ideal gas. What is the change in intiw mn3w-fr ..vab,(wj ernal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 whzflh qh )p02arc914J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done inh 9hhcwlf2r0)qa 1 p4z the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas wg)g+uf-ag; tsystem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in igag g)f+ wt-u;nternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Wha;we6uj g0kde -t is the change in in-d 0u eewkj;g6ternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proc1) 685 x 1 mss+ykqfros;.js -uraci/hiuh)h uess while doing 25 J of work. What is the cuhch;.i f6 1xas) s-+o8r5s su)qhjk1irumy /hange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases mw)e( g*rpjf8by 50 J. What i8(jp) m*gw fres the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 5mgvq qs6sry274kel60t.-p ,/9 5aspvrryfkc 0 J. What is the heyfg, 0ppsv2qaq769 t4 srrly5e.-kv6m ks/ rcat exchange?

  A certain amount of a*gw o1c0n tn/y monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by remoo n*y gtn0wc/1ving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wh w/dzz:ri7vqzz33 7e7o isv;gen 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are iqv7isdzz3i:zge 73; 7v/wz ro n the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at n0ckabp/h+q,0v xcgthf8 385 tb y a1j$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is t,x 10q r4qnrc i:;unkxhe efficiency?:;0q4c,ikx rnqu xrn 1

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per g qsapx.8v(h ;cycle. How much work dg8 vha (sx.q;poes it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and r+:lfi//gvgraaj n*z 2k*me( jeceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does*/n m e+ z/jvagal 2:g*jkrfi( it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle anua(bwar f3499my3;yntaiv 6j( r: vhrd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of9; fh(t9ijv(r:w 4ru6ay3n avby3mra each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal 5lszwb 9/cr p* ptsw4+of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle+s twpb4sz w*r 9pc/5l.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following+n7a 4 ; f-w-bdsvvdf:yio89 he0kr my characteristics: combustion chamber tempery rbod97s0h8-an -ie4y;m+vk:dv w ffature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follow b)b 7.tn/3e y wfzohtqy2j);oing characteristics: combusyeh.zq j7n fy2o) wb)ot3/b;ttion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charag8;:mioett.w,1s urod m*7ftcteristics: 8utmmos;,.7w tg *triedf1:o combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses71mjz sga +)av 6yuim2 $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. 3-y6apsl +bk o zy;9wfThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW ofi6q q vqzdmq q6m94;m/q0(-z.oyzlkf electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between 5-quh87j))q mlp rl7 3k*sxsyunw8 zl$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an +*q)c2 6;pbwh ih(b yxhio0mgengine operating betweehi;o g c(yx+* p)wm0bhhbq 6i2n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature o9mb1ot wq+t5l f the cold reservoir if the 59t lbwmqt+ 1otemperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating b.ts9 1:tdnfi sg29 cogetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 s2c-8 a rhqbb(kJ and ejects 24 kJ in acsq-h2 8brb(to a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate oml otpepg27 6-b bu;) dtgr8)vf 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a 8 7o;rt )pg)gpbb me2ut-l6v droom per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of o;j;r me*albo jc.t j67pe3p; xperation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the rja ex etbp*o6;7;p3 m;jcrlj. oom. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entroplu 2:xu 4cxj:l j,ecktno0s0. y when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entwlw 4yd(emu6c w(c q-)ropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and if)7 flq8*lmf nts entropy cn8* mlf7)qf lfhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ljvfz: cn2. mj fk9:k4$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.