The process shown on the T-V graph is annmh)-uw .2a2j-(x/qcrq k ayb

  In an isothermal proces;iql u tys-v2- 4nbpo, 1m:xcps, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, wv yz 3e/lmy7a49xpvf:o;z : l$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original 3amn7t8y/) egj drlk3volume with no change in its temperature. This procy /7ngmr3)d ate3k8jless is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L tri9jv9 ni(p(:dhf2ur o 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energhn(ji 9rd9f(piu 2:r vy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vk+e7 mkik6(0ejcwjb ,olume during an isothermal process. The final pr c i6ekb7j(wmk+k 0j,eessure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expandb+f 7 p)r sr* swtyrkv1k0li*9g.-z cqd/ h2omed isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanis7r qk/l yhfs2 vs+r1t-zi9*cb mp) 0.d*growkm that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated kcns(-uc.se .r q9 4yjenvironment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heatu.k49scnsc eqjr-y. ( with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynu (lztqf:fqxb7q, .0jb s3 4hynei( k(amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is coa / h;jqwhvqk0*r(;lvp1pd r)mpressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic proce/ ph;rv awjqkp*(q )v;1drh l0ss. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rda/71xqkc;:hn tugy /espects except that one contains h1kn/ta7g /q;y :cdux $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onham ;ymb +.:fs5xaxb) e contains .s;bm x):yh5f axb+m a$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is ani:ai/*dx9 cbh

  In an isobaric procebo* jt: 3f*9hk4hhpixss, there is no change in

  When the first law of ztg/)b zqh rb2p3m7/(8fi (zxh8;rz zv udn g1thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Ta; 89ddxpm3y5 x uox/ihis process odp;d5xim8x /9 3uxya is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant p: 4r7v)c ypv::anraiqressure. As a result, the internal eneriaa:vn v7) qr yc:4p:rgy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is ;)o-xbgt-qfr j9ppqew5j:s*

  In an isochoric process, there is no chang qnso8/ 2 gyf5.men.pve in

  When the first law of thermodynami5:jqnqi*mjue ct.x7-.q: w uzcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotj6muk3up;0d+e3uo 5cw kt8ylt3qb 9t expand as heat energy is added to it. This process is9;k5063pjt tb weutdulku+ 33mq c8yo

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas 9xt a+:s d hc8joxk8m/at constant volume. A+:oxj8xs8a9 mcthdk/ s a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamics.3r6q mi6i c/lc,6ekva

  Is it possible to transnb (gglr sv2d2- hqv:j y31pt9fer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot ret (y. 44wfyki 5bv/ d-i7onzutservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Cla j:d7y xgw4pjb 1gm1s2usius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle ils5q/- hp o)l rkr-lqmpm.+ qn:lustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on ts-/+mr .p5h)m -kl :oqqqlnrphis cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratpdi3j0xgjq d3s by:s-0o +r7cio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat 1z7n tua6+)g,myofcy sink must b7 oczy)tg+af1u6 m ,yne

  A Carnot cycle consists m*b 6-jl qy5noof

Give the Kelvin-Planck sv 3j xzsr4w/ :opj1uc,tatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as th2-pgl xf/zue(e ratio of z/ex(2u- pgfl

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump aqtj u27.:huc6( sq 9bzwp1bois defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wah)8vdl; vuv -l-k ng;dm8npq;ter

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process t 7ykt5c g5naf6w6ss 4l6tv/fqhat may occur wit66w5tkl/4 sa6 vsg5 t7fqfcynhin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thev0e85 iifpc.zufxg,nc r8n00 rmodynamics.

  The second law of thermodyna 0v2 ,pwxj1zapmics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of zum2wo:ngud/; yhx 8+heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the chdgxy:w8o/u zu;h+ 2mnange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an hv d b3:5;f/vhgetc;dg 6qkn d7;ac8wideal gas. What is the work done in the proc;/5n3awfg; d:vq8d7ht e vkhg cd6cb ;ess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J 4jj )r-rl(foq. What is the change in f)r( -ql o4rjjinternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gasa:aq r x: 42wxqay(34 lzcxg52uqv gpux,f2s4 adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gas?qc4,2u:fwslx22zapqr g45aa :4x y xv3 xqgu(

  An ideal gas undergoes an x1( /zuwn;r qjadiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intnuwx(qj 1/rz;ernal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the isviqdan4 s (y97il0p -nternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the workysvq7nialp 0(d-i49 s done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a s*i68 yym :egjsystem decreases by 50 J. What is the hea 8:mye6*ijgs yt exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained w9gm*+8d/-tr n,3 k ,amtx sia6 nk3 nthl,jydat constant volume as it is cooled d6gd9+a3k *i3la/nj,,yr m nw t,hktx8smtn -by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooledo)tlwj1- w- 4g9o- + q skkbgtiar+g5g by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed)k ga-t os+g-bi-qwjl wr5g94kt+g1o from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water ati 7hl )ujkc:ewp6 8y7q b8fj0j $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J1qjdn ysuut7 mb7ji-ik+:*. i in each cycle. What is the efficiency?-7m7uq *ni+:1.ikjiy usbtdj

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of- g e2br(lwouo c/(he(,kcr (b heat per cycle. How much work does it perf (cbh(cu,e-gklbr/( r2o w( eoorm in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an 3o(gy.vw r6d3klqc3aqlzete12j m*5efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in ev3yg1qr2 5 6kqc dtla(zel3o*mj we .3ach cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat e ktonnxkc9s6cnn8 k8: 3.n(bcach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the eff.s8kk c9:c(nxo n83ntkncn 6biciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculp2izs/7 4g2zavc7h ck ate the work done eapzch24vcsizkg7 / 72 ach cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteris.j n,xw8pruxqfi 8jm,6 xajl-p/5;hltics: p xmjj. unjfi,a6 q-p/llrwh,85;x8x combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so .(vttd f lzy6hum,:k6far has the following characteristics: combustf l:yu6tv,mdt 6(zkh .ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so vccc( jn pcip/7wh/vt*+4bz0 far has the following characteristics: combh(+p pt ccb//jci0 wvcz7 *4vnustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesq)y pw4igv18t 7swd o .8c)jch $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of u)c m q1 63,3hnevtfptelectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electricm j .i:l d.bo;,10qs/ qnunczv power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between ;up1vjs qvtgm(gx 3 h k+/t+ar6j ,jnr09lkx-$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatingh c(t2 x 0hypq9ttse20 betwees0( qh p92xcte2 0thtyn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tempe*nv.44q mgx n5 acyg6qrature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the6q4mq.5ny4x avc g*ng hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between cb9l dhk4h3v+,lr09*cxzr b c$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the fr4zlv0ekp* ilti/: d: xeezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requir k* zx::4elivdt/i0 lped in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat fro;aa(f0 ,pbdigm the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ ,ifa( gba p0;dinto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a re+(o v+uu2ob mafrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room.vao2+ m+uu(o b How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melti brptyj d 5jw6/52d9vkd 5ll. at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changeb4yg)y( walv4;qj- lf in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its 8,227xp 0pa.et tk2kz g-wkdjs i.cdwentropy changes b.8wc2pk zttkaw .k72 ,pxg2ijs0-d d ey
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at f2/r6zoknnm4/ grmwk 8:wpq .$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.