The process shown on the qzb) 0cccb/i0 u0j 6umT-V graph is an

  In an isothermal pron(ybo7,hg20 thnzv: r cess, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamic*cgvg xe(qab .j5oiqo3f-h, );/4 0ewffwqqes, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change 7regj;icbm8s 2c./ wlin its temperature. This process ;j82eiccs7.gl mbr/wis

  An ideal gas is compr y.kuvwd0 e,2eessed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. k 0.2,uyewvedWhat is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressedxmda6az4k3 - u to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The finalzada umx-k463 pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L trltr q2 osz66)o 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that esq2rrl6z) o6t xpanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, t+uqeoh(7f1unsn/exq 2l d7e) he gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process 1lxo+sen (du)7uhe7eq /fq2n is

  When the first law of thermodynaf5jdg8.:ncdk i9m. azmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half itqris1f g)p7;sl9 9ay vs original volume during an adiabatic process. The finals)rv;iypq9lg7 f91as pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contain2wsmsu 7voqf 4q2 /ur*s* 2fu7mss o/42vruw qq $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders owgny 54f4t+ io)k18i m3bdgso/z9n kqf gas identical in all respects except that one contains5bq d/1nf4 kktog4) 3myoiwzg s8n+9i $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diag(.5wp o oq1n/od o;sjmram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chan3 r)mbeeu )n-fge in

  When the first law of thermodybpocj g5p63j(ooa*+4n limr0 51mpc fnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at conswb6 2ep.utt b8tant pressure as heat is added to it. This procbt eu w682tb.pess is

  Ten joules of heat energy ar2nh/)(: q jo yidbf7ege transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, tf q/y behoijg7nd:)2( he internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is,li7e t 1qypp.

  In an isochoric process, there is no change 9)xitm *k(u jmph93a pin

  When the first law of thermaek*pl t:622q gjq)u j wkdd6:odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container t, avn ziufoe645s fi/1hat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process ie sa6n14,izu v5 o/ffis

  Ten joules of heat eneo, zz(ysyccx9w;8w5x2dd) uz rgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant vos5 2 c(x8czy xz;9zwodw )udy,lume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thmz0y52wtu2 qt5u4779ls tlftm :sug( 2vjld dermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold resv4,abx 4eta,o ervoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from mg9)1h, )yv(ap41ge wo j wtuma cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordinh 3m-ajn1gx+c3:y) pxtxp.th g to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, 4)4no60vqoyx jn/ swihow much work is doneqoy)/ns0xvi 6w n4 4oj by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rahjxg av)-*1 i1)l3 i n)jjqcdltio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot enginq pf a1kx(.xnw dk*t40e is to be 100%, the heat sink mus04q (d .knxat*xfk1wpt be

  A Carnot cycle consig5x2td mfkja52j.cx 8sts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of thej 5,wvzbumjhe +2m f j7cv/p84 second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined a5z7 3kzrh gk 1hjuc3:qs the ratio ofg:hckjz h1qu r3z5k 37

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio6tm8otsx3aq0y/ my 2 n of

  When water freezes, tht4n0d*zrtp * ue entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, forg95tkl4majtn s 6v o52 any process that may occur withanlg26 smvo jk 595t4tin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second pcpa o),s,c)4rowv6q law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads u5mju al7o2z7a s to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J ofwkrwtd 70q7r:, a 6ji-w3.fqs m0odhn heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is twh0r:307ir samdkqwn f 6wqdot -,7j.he change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal procb gs*zj0+n9n3f0wby aess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the workwab0snnbz* g+0f y3 9j done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isotherma *59*vxr*8c35zw guytoui btxl process is -400 J. What is the change in internal roxwib*5t z3vtugu9**x8 c5y energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change iq n 0rp-wv:g b)0/m9rf 5uypwbn internal energ/mp 0 rrvpwub :y0g) -b5nq9fwy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic pr* p x3-tqn ,*rmd-u +yuo9ptjvanv+d/ocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the p*/jvd+y- nx,+td3a- opnu uv m9 trq*change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal ener.l.at:np g .d*zck8q mgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is :tk c*.d.nl p.amg8zqthe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the intern)+ fyz tb 7mac/brhi8+al energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exch ftm bcb+ zhriay+/)78ange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constaa9e tnf492-bueljye +ndy ;1qu 9lqesvw)52lnt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done byt9fj y vq yqel1);awenu+l s92 ln594e2d-bu e the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 9m,hkw6)a/q7u wteus4aby*z 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed z*tu abm)uqeyww64hs/a k,9 7 from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wan7g g fan2-x74maxn c-ter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 8d qk v5zamkf-whx+oxv4(-t03000 J in each cycle. What is the axv-x hm 584w +d-f ok(q0vtkzefficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficieglg5z3doly (52-lgc ir .pw6n ncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it pe (lgl l.gg-dn 2coi rzpy36w55rform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.e+,+myiye r pe:p,3) es5djnf How +ye3 :f5)mjee pnyisr, ,dep+much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Ca vr;+j;hekr4u o.0qiia jv*j)lculateq ar.;h0*jvju4 )rioi+k e;jv the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calco;fg ra hy.9 ja9pqd*e )iq7;0kin -mdulate the work don *-md.qdif;)pi grnahe y k7o 9ja9q;0e each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the flp;g16if7ep ak rhz;-r9 vh 5 hz2o4gtollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = ove 4a;gk1pz7high- 2z 5p;rthfl69r $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tyx-pef,2 3/fo5v9nopenx* ek k *.adnhe following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatppfev 2no,5yo. ka* ee x- *9ndxfn3/kure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characte, ;k0b0z qssbxristics: combustion chambs0skq;0 bz, bxer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrure /nz4xez::+ w +i. 1vjxoyhic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powxr1 k q34w6u-lbkw 3ed/sqk.eer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant +xwmwl+dl + da*lw7* g5c1hahuses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whicm njiapk 9tfb5jsx;4; - jbrvn)4o0+vh operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatind; l9s )g*f x:/jzdgfww yr6a.g betwew ygxs.gf;dw ad9 )z6r/:*f jlen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 3 6k ,xtzfjzozpvl2:*)5.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reser *2lzx,pv:j t6zo kzf)voir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating mgwh;zt t/9my26ok, l between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes hn9tcvn8 7q 2fozi34o pbef1s;eat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle7civ t3ffpz osqnbe;82n94o 1?

  A refrigerator removes he1c34n zc,orxg 2;itlpat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects n21crz3 o4it,plx c;g24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs vmzoe o+c 60ok1 ud9s:230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to:o9+0sm dokvuz e6oc 1 the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice me1 tzca r6(7h9-jklvp ,.ylll slt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezp+30z. eat-qz:0qbgx d7rgr ees, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansi5b)fokk *r 2d;y6mqrulb d/ +hon and its entropy ck)m;hdy/ 6*ro 5 +kuldb2rfbqhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at x z,xaih6va4* $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.