The process shown on the T-V graph ie8 4;8y hvvxjps an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change inuhmj ,gb/j8 w8cpk m)(

  When the first law of thermodynamics8 :g-thyq . unkv*xhv1tt:o0 v, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in itsg hy56wa4(vld temperature. w6ya 4 l(hvd5gThis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Duri3;6 kur fk+;ws+ pwslx gpy74mng this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that comprxpmw f; 7lk+rgp3;uky 6ssw4+essed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume dur ) jneafw w36vdfy,c7/iao 7se+i v;8ming an isothermal process. 63 d8/ ,wwsine7vm i yj 7e+;fo)aavfc The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothk 97cf2zfjc pa. lmr0r*c1us 2ermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended zs0k crjm9ff 2 *l7cpr1c2a.uby the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an5)j ,syn 4vspd isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrounding,4yvs dp5j)s ns. This process is

  When the first law of thek(;l jtwn ks9*rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its or c,hnbcc4: bvmrfi* (6iginal volume during an adiabatic process. The finalcb4 :ivcb,(h fmnr 6c* pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respect9iu zcr 1hw6)4a)ysf2* 0q rewmjqo f*s except that one contains mfi1 fc*)wq 6h9)sqz*j ya0rr4o ue2w$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respe 5dw b* hdbfimic.+x-: r5n/b5 jgcp,tcts except that one contains 5-d*pm 55.f cw+/ibnrj,ibthdbg cx:$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on t+jra bedrnxxq (6 ,z6;q- nqwn5 9q6ukhe PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there ises+- (flj jc(.p8gvo:dw8q/etc a z )q no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics46k f7 zrn1yxty:*tua, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thi8kzs4x tx,4yb*qlr,*qy+r * d mel+aos proa4b,z q8y+ m+s *q xlt d,e4krlxr*oy*cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constoxybm8 1-io*+lb.ok iant pressurmki-ol x.oo*i 1+byb8e. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diafp )z, 54)h pwjo2o5m/ ihdkqlgram is

  In an isochoric process, there is b4zj +.j4hc dz6b* nlino change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,tq h;+j 3htyo6i4r .ggxntc5+ $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containe+xs-dhb ) jlq-r that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pd l sb-)qx+h-jrocess is

  Ten joules of heat e)w qgmp*g-(pf nergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the interfp*p- g gm)q(wnal energy of the gas

State the first law c an1x .ur4hia8i47 ukof thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rese/tw m/t( (otfyrvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heatn2*y uzdopy1 k2 js9oo)wmrp r0hh;+4 from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of therm;*ohio zm, :r4gesszvo .t4w . mdu5:uodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle,9oj -9dsuzhos8l2n4w how much work is done by an engine operating hn2-4u 9jwsso8zd 9loon this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat enginsd6t 23hfgh 2de is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carn gq+t0,:re-x2,:aa c1z.ynlvnkl k gguz- b9 tot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must berqnnaa:l 0 z2yg9+xz:kk-- vtl.b 1,eucg, gt

  A Carnot cycle consisyjta0ue a67(c0n1q lk ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermody22 qch4, +di 2oc7cav.bzypc dnamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of aev:3skak(7a2o, nbvc k,n 4bh refrigerator is defined as the ratio ock,aavbhe 23 7s,nb (k 4:onvkf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is de0js9uuu5evi5zdu g ,8sw0ay8tc rm. :fined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropytwic 9vp9h2h1 do3lj5h f w.1l of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, forn;e pz*o;xm *p x8m/bp any process that may occur within an isolateemnx z;op /p*bpm*; 8xd system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of thef3xi3vc(c u hi v0bx8m 6)mli2 second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics lead+is)8ccv e6h ms us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whne,-zs0 n v +efpvc41hat is the change in internal energy,fv0sp1 v ce4eh z-nn+?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J w-jrs:ai 2oidet3.+h of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the process3-ijhde2+as riowt :. ?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in anhqmu/s+esvovi g w(+z8; 8+xi isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in ingou; iv wx8+/+ive+ 8hzsqm(s ternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in comprec:8kuqay:s g d1ast ,4 )uedd:ssing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in intern ea :acs,uu41:d8dg):t y dksqal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes anx)/tprhx gg se7)x8v 0 adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intern))t 7 esp0vgx8gh/xxr al energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dec1ya)f/p oa)p/ fx r+cbreases by 50 J. What isbf/+/ xo)pry)aa pcf1 the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system ;e:nstf5/qfe 0io c yi5d.m4 hdecreases by 50 J. What is tfemdcnt iosy /: 5h0i5;e.q f4he heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic ga *3ya*o-mu ygys is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removy* -omuy3*a gying 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of g2:i6 f)0ygt s nfli*jenergy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sag )*2g:0nfiy6fj lits mple?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water atc*a4a*b5 n omk $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heakr1 oyypv.oqg/54 td .t and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is ty4 yr.t/ovg dpqo.k51he efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hekn4gs/ lwj- 8c 6gm;rykzer-/at per cycle. Howm;j6r4nk/ zr ecsglg8-/-y wk much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency o3kchv (/e y ysdn02+qxf 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it esknqc0/hd2ev(3x +y y xhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heatw.d/yg0oag kau0ou jr+0c t77 each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyk0 c/y gog jra.au70 wud07t+ocle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exha r w/ +i-(d*5m 6siv+ tbtbzkou5oid8ousts 42 kcal. Calculate the work dont+wti b8 r6sok/z(id-d+vu 55o b*omi e each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following character) f:(nl/jgmzf isticsl():/nfj gzf m: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines buibnnys+, yn 3(zlt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature nynn+(bs,z y3= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followik8x dgn39,f khvro+ u/7tzkp*gni:0 ,qkp4 rqng characteristics: combustion chamber temperatkkvf8kq rqu o+ kg r,d z,g*pptx/i:30n749n hure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of enh jz+5k-3 q ti7nx(qolectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW 6s thmu4b+u* lm+ pp2gof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. b1*a8/wni:j /deutql The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whic aa/ugt j:7; ,1bivds- nbi(cch operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible f7wn/ q;ldokh;+mv 4baj0t 2m lqwm2j9or an engine operating between l+n jw q hb42;m vm/0m72t9adk;lowqj$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine il,q 7w y)lg1k gdxen,,s 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoie,x)l,n g ldqkw7g1 ,yr is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betw9e7dfa-z+zs7yt4 ly ceen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate : ehb;a9la nqeiv 6l-;of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required vn; a6h-l b lei;qa:e9in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freez( eh:y.0dyzbkwupm:- ing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJe :ywy.khbz0d-(m:p u into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J +y xzzj zaq20mxoaec:la80 m)u . vi; -m8qgo3of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat:oi8 m3oa jag 82u;qyxz)0-z c.q0 m +vmaexlz to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50au4mwq, s my03 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, bia 6t5h):y ch4uur, 8gb 6pgothe change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an ( 5tu0ptwsr 2lisothermal expansion and its entropy0t( tsrwpl5u2 changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at (nzvqw4s-q;i pa.xaj+k;thxph : 0 - z$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.