The process shown on the Tc v.,gn;7 h(+j inek f+speg3o-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is inw5ah l;)3un no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicsf1 : mp l;oytdg,sf,7 qt;gasfa99n q2, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in n e f1h+6dkw::nl e :mzx +0bo2vvc/voits temperature. This pro:vo v6:fmbd:+ne+l 2xw1 /h ozev nkc0cess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothez4lzx-7 m0hnl rmally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that z7x-nlh 04mlz compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its z-ms8o2m: 4a /oqd/ouecm.uo original volume during an isothermal process. The final pres qau/coo .u8zm4osom ed:2 -m/sure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, +usew*hy13 aa6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements isawsy+ ae3u1h* correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, t+ 6pffvx4 nv,qud5*mwhe gas exchanged no heat with its sur56+ pnmx4vqvffu *dw ,roundings. This process is

  When the first law of theqaag4vx plh9fo o(ll6 t 0,m*-rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gafk aht8wjtu/43.z 2vh s is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final 4 8kfv2tha.3uz hwj/tpressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except th3y8d2.hx qtnx h0ce+z zk(vf9at one contains c2 d.9xvzkqyhn3ztxe8f 0(+ h$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one co yep9bp7/,i:qhza 58cznx6s9s iu9irntains ceyxz/h9n6ssbrp 99pi7i qa :i5,u8 z$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagraw y qxdb3ofk+,h6w9n.m is an

  In an isobaric process,s hs3 2 cky+onggt.2e4 there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, ua(q:xm q5 si+$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to ecw f8 - jbarbv3 eot4+oi1dwa 7na. /5rz(awj8xpand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proc-t1eawa/crnb3rj.5da(+bf7 o i zwjw 8oa 8v4ess is

  Ten joules of heat energy adcvro;gj4x 31nc o/ys/etphk1 q97:/(gtsv are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resqeg4p7j1k/d/1aotgx(3y/ 9vocr vst;csn :hult, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram is z8qsec 4th;;n

  In an isochoric process, theryc 03cv-ic-zie is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, t ,oazg8vjm.7 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is ad u5 ,jwk7 lsnqw;7;xsqded to it. This processq;7,qnw l7ks;ux5jsw is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idea .l fmjv3uos35td3ow-l gas at constant volume. A-ut33 wj.mlsov53 dfos a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of oa 9j cx ps:m9f,9kp/vthermodynamics.

  Is it possible to trh:tbcm y :u+vkmo//v, ansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot,o smoh)x 4vjhv0 eh.;mw2rv. uc19i w reservoir?

State the second law of ther qlc9 lly//whv8 d3o(ymodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one:m8k2mg gx5 by cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatingmb my: 5xkg28g on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat enutzyv j;1azo6 yd+, 4x5gqu k4gine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carwa. yyv i(po)8o -byiks3v2l .not engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must) .ia3owobyi k-82 yy s(lvpv. be

  A Carnot cycle consist 2ip7ikcfw asdn05z ;;s of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of thedy4usz4:3 * 2jmawq*by nzxa zgt6d +/ second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator : g8ed3hra he.is defined as the ratio of h erhead:.g83

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is r2hi zqnp7e.s* i8c;f+rzi05ar* 9p7qhe qyzdefined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of tcem j:9og jgx-6vc4di b-ckp9g)1i, jhe water

  According to the second law of t tcam 2 8rnbgz--j: pmpu:l+p4hermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated srm+zabn-24c glmp :8 j:tupp-ystem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement o/d,4p( chxbjof the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics lead1sluis g2oq49 s us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideai (2ajnfw z;h 3-8flp7kxv f5ye,kr .zzk 2p1cl gas. What is the change.( kf -pj z1zyfizn2aw8ke;5h 7f,2lprvcx 3k in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideic:7at;xrblbtn-q avn /4cjybq*9-9 al gas. What is the work done ibc tqvx:-qi b/ny tj9;aa7 n-4lr9c*b n the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas systemugf;g 3g1 miy, in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is thf;ggmg 3i 1u,ye change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatical-2 w:h4rxwa2 pvay*fq ly. What is the change in internal:fy- 4q aavw2p*rwh2x energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Why 9b+xq03 xepo o,mp;hat is the change in internal energyx+ m e3x,qh0b9yp;po o?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dxpzq 3 ,ihlgw*4( sct7ecreases by 50 J. What is the wor ciq,xhlzptgs7 *34(wk done?

  In an isochoric process, the inteskxtx(ne /4,nrnal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat k(xtx sn/4 n,eexchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume astx .b) zpxlw+ b(3(zht it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy+( )ptbzxz. hxwtl b(3 from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J o/dw,;zc g; unxf energy is removed from it. H /;zn;wgxcu,d ow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water h)c4*dfn/a2)jr baw xat $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat h raw59g oh)xh,yul5:and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is togh uw y,)5rlhx:h 9a5he efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and7z/mbspa 30ko receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in ek3ma ob70/zpsach cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives bb(mh w8,zrf. 150 J of heat per cycle. Homr8(b,whfzb . w much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaus+1ias nm7fj l2ts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycles2 a+1m7 linfj.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 mg+zs fg0d0p 8kcal. Calculate the work d pz0sm gd+fg80one each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has 2:. s )sdsdddgthe following characteristics: combustios .ddd ss2)d:gn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient q8f yy- n z,i+mk/sol*engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempylk8+- fi*mq/,o ysnzerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cha*s3q8p+tj :c4lipyn1 .uwhzl8m9we d racteristics: combustion cham1+h*s4yd t mpe3zip 8wl.cw:ql j 8un9ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses.cqhy1y :b qxm 1qs/2j $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses0f7kwmdq+s ;72s; si, tkbp vs $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant ucca(r 0oxu ;s.o);wr mses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency qzayzi/no0 :: of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bet 0 6utaoxz.mtwp .3-cpween tz.. po 6awtpxum0 -3c$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What issy.y -hvnnm*a dam3(r a :g73t the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatntm 3:s* y3aayg.mah- vn7dr (ure of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating b ;5c6vbyb8bk2 mi;vg;y7 sqptetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the1) j9rzc da5tq rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requr 9qdjct51a)z ired in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from kky lz60s2uno;u2va) the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ in k);2vask2u z0l uyno6to a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refr+r ( :gaivtxk0igerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of hea0+krvx(: iga tt to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 sfl f,.mk)(6uqhaaq, g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freahq) exy 3s 5,qgf kfytm+za/sz1yx+hu 24+h.ezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansro: njv/g7e8a jzc-;lion and its entropy changerlg v/n8jo7c aez;:-js by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at +lk 89d(zcl bp$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.