The process shown on tu iycp9k a/xz25z8/a:i7bs ww-xeu rep:p*2the T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal proce: g: 4pyr3 uiqll+0rbrss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, d6b(-6v gpg * uhsl +)jvvn6wv$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twb zwg;);yfq 5gice its original volume with no change in its temperature. This process iy ;5zggfb; )qws

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this :ne h2 cz-roc0 50;xnonfs -a:hw 8uzwprocess, 6.0 J of energy is expenasnufnc:r co2: 0-0h;hn-z5ox zw 8 weded by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durink 47r7huqe+dx g an isothermal process. The final pressure of the g7 dx ur+74ekqhas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During :h k1m.svyk+ph 1gi+g this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which ip+.hvky 1s+k1 :gm ghof the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an i t).iqcpr b-q3solated environment. During the event, the gas eqrp3i) btq- c.xchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics,os9e;q w, qqd, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compresse-3*(6v c*i ni+a p /t(d qi*bxdzdlwsgd to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The finan(qxta /* i-dbddp6ig i3v**+w( zc lsl pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contain2f shf+x+h z z3icmiu,+up4c-s u+f pcxi4z,+s huf3 c+- mzh2i$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that rtge15g ,,a 1n r7wgugcwe9 j4one contains , jgug1e w9rac741te,wg g5n r$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram i2 q0druqwmlw g4tyy7sa1-24t s an

  In an isobaric process, there is non8ug,mjah9)9 aiw2t b change in

  When the first law of thermodynam;;to-r/ot 4n3r8c vj gin5 xnj9.ijp iics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thi1; 7zzdzal 9+un co:rns process;n r+al7 zcdzo1u9z:n is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sam9qjsuwv0 y)s dr7;3eeple of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal enerv0w7ju;3) yeesq9 dsrgy of the gas

  The process shown on theaczd+aim 4n-,nofp 37 PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, tlhe06wl -z8i* uo15fjt;t rashere is no change in

  When the first law of th4pa(clk:e 15:8aj zzkfpm v2yru 6 y2vermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotqr9k upl ;f3y 9fewu*. expand as heat energy is added to irp3;f q *9yl.uuwk9eft. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfdere25tx0 i knb 7ac23erred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volt2e bd75kne2x0ci a r3ume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law ouqsl4l-tmjl tp/ 7(l. ax,k dsv)n0y( f thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from b e.x3xlgen1* a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reserv2ge;aex qb7mhb x(03yoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second lawmg9du 9mymim62 i 8ob7 of thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much7wg jsod** 4vz work is done by an engine operating on *swzgd*v4 j7othis cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engpplas:))m0jpey6lcdhk4-a ;. j q3 kpine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink m9rl pq*(dm,v dv8kmp3 us,dp8d9*lk mvrmv(qp 3 t be

  A Carnot cycle consist-vuvdk4 -0yaas of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the sez;h n0ofhosg cem iy(:: i8e2+cond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of aldi6tol qxy, x10:e*l refrigerator is defined as the ratio o1:x 60oqyx tll* li,edf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) offq(k -lpkp+ -koq6 ee5 a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entroqt44g cj*sl1r py of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamindtyk -d-)4lr cs, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of-yknl- rt)dd4 the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics9dconupa/ o0 t3wj t(kq9-a- x.

  The second law of thermodyna ,j5o b llz*mfh,.vn:9ehk-wd mics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat issnm-h3h, x+ c,v(mjkt removed from an ideal gas. What is the cha3 vh,xm-kt, +j sm(cnhnge in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is7;q x/)mcto *nhvwz a: removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proc ;*/ham qc7w:v)ztnxo ess?

  The work done on an ideal gwm a cb66z2zga;olxhf8f 58 .nas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is themb.a 586g2 n6oclfz x zh;f8wa change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adis,lq4 mo, uiy+abatically. What is the change in internal energy of thmqilou 4s+, ,ye gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiaba4dzvb7zef ,h xmz; n4p/; y*pan*ov d+r7tov0tic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal 4rn bo7vyzd/ft 0p4pv *,; a v*xo7zn;emh+zdenergy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 jwv * xnx30rmei1bi:3 J. What is the work done?w1ej:*ix3 r3x vni 0bm

  In an isochoric process, the internal eneru a y0g s:j9fiyj-a+m6gy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is +6 9-msfayuai:y0 gjj the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at udiqujn*32o-4ru c em;y,v-l constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from tj 4m2-;u*yr dl 3cequ,vni o-uhe gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at +zj,r6mp 1gl.zyk iz;kw f;6yfb (j0jconstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in tf wk;;r ( j1j y+pjki.mbzz66fzy,lg0he sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wat1u;s3q,zqog-o l6mjfer at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J1rp lo* c l9k0emmo7::m aon-c of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the e 9-*c 7oemomcl okprl:ma:10nfficiency?

  A heat engine has an eid g,jt *y+1zo72syl:d*fpy hfficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Howo1 ,*gdjp7*dlyihy:y zfs2+ t much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recei9.u p: pj+);(sudojbpl )pzwjves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does (:sbj j ;lup)w+9.d )pjzoupp it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcopk-zj,65,;c8cli:cd, b wv ykbsh,pal. Calculate tbc-jpipco:;8wkv c,l,s5 y hz6 kb,,dhe efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat iyhitw9f2;m5u )l pt3each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done )myp9 i 3lut5wh;it2f each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristi ydabkxtp55p e7.v)o*8td+ +e:ul et acs: combustion at5dkxol t*bpete +dpy7 u)ev+:a.58chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hoe(zhsbo fe( 9(d2h)s as the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur()h9ee( fo(2zohdsb s e = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has th8ve;sfnl.bev* 6 ttzov33. zae following characteristics: combustion cha6 zbz..;vtvnv felot83* s ea3mber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 60sb 1 5xz*gl0sy0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWh v33mfw69 8ksb r+gkc*wy:el of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of en)ap7e lrw1n-u*)bv2qs:pj mlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of 4s2sk i 0;szx8mp.v3tqv y 1bhan engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficien; 9iux mlmdxl;;35br,ub f-he cy possible for an engine operating betwee,3- lb;d;xu9 miebur 5; lhfxmn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of( kwjypw+9qupgr u2 4s 2-ycu; the cold reservoir if the temper 2grsc w wqu+uu2pjy;y4p(-k 9ature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating berbolh94 d33 ptvn1,x/n m-5t aczgs6btween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing com/eo-4u o y+ dlde7eo2 0swtod2partment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muo7td4e0y - ls+ de2ow /2dooeuch work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the r3i i8qnzv(; tkate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into ( tn 8;3ziqvkia room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the i :57qcvq: e .;ur*w9u zwxuuxx.at3cfreezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in eacw:u .qexc73a xq t*viuz5x9u .wcur:; h cycle?

  What is the change in entr8bp, zduy,pj7,tt c-6ki4jwd opy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the ch :41egixmu 7j; zz0jdmange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothe bwridnvgbm:/k u(01t/2;jl crmal expansion and its entropy chanb1jm0;l tw/n(2kgc/d:v b ruiges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at wx() p6m s(j:8gppcue /tvwsh1 xq34c $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.