The process shown on the T-V graph is an:aqy lx5 g,2sn

  In an isothermal process, t6df:.wy5t9r+s wj*w oec: +i lv gtd2shere is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynam*pm*)z6og vra-3bjang77fn0 f7 ejqg ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with noh7ho pat .8oro6pk ob;c*i 14y change in its temperaturey a8ook7bih*op r o 1;c.6h4tp. This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from - 5ly. l2skwvjg(: j;aep fc.s30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of intera wk2 . l;ljsg s:pfv.(jey-5cnal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothe cbkhbi;59x-l rmal process. Thh klb-bx c9i5;e final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Duringky2 uev,thw f0bkq:/ar5n 8(o this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechhw tb2uk5kr(n foe8y0av: /,qanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environ7z0ihla.wteu- ;uqlv 5ot)lz ei70 u+ ment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrotuz 0.het0aw+iu- 77;loluzql5i ve )undings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics,;/z7p dae;k ipz ;k,x,dw-cio $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originmqucge;(u/j0 al volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure ofjuumge c; q(/0 the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one crh2:mr0rv b5ekm6vv5 ontains vr 0 vbk2rh:v5m65er m$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except u2u, ff2z* -gmni6xmothat one containsom u,g m zn-*x6f2ufi2 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on thez :( v2vzh)ghac-oz4m PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there i.5q w +pg:zccws no change in

  When the first law of thermodyczp-28e dhk0rqy -d3s,so4vdnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added tbbhm5(( s9k*gfkn 7 nuo it. This process i(km 5kfg nsu7b 9(hbn*s

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample or8r(dqrr ,uuas11pwb o l/iad891h b 7f ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of r8 1,lbdq ariusu ar1 d/b9p7 o1(wrh8the gas

  The process shown on thecy6,, bc; i8jcj xc oo3hpt,x/ PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, therf6omm/o wy+evoz* ,3h+cg5e j e is no change in

  When the first law of thermodym :f7txk8un io- /c; mst1(g.hq6ohwhnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot exl-2x0d ,1y fkyxezs4z f3 h*zipand as heat energy is added to it. This process -1zekffhz 2*,ydzxsix l034yis

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at const./ y io, 7cja(u(cpgzt+syh4 aant volume. As a result, the internal energy of oy ta+(i ha.z (7p4c/s,gyu cjthe gas

State the first law ofdwq4yj ir 3t7sfkdlvt9fj 56p8s+ *c7 thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold-;sp-(0qrg33dse oh8d wox zq reservoir?

  Is it possible to trans 4 npk8f jz9o-y7-sa+bqlq zd7fer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordz5eb:/+s(c)rbuol hobr ; d2aing to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated h ymbvx i5* 8x-:jr :bhlja*gj4ere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operat lja:xjr:8m *y4-ghbjx 5iv*b ing on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is t8et( ( iqa5srdhj( 5pdefined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100ptev9s8*:j:4 + zxlwd2fw)tjqq)bl y %, the heat sink mux9tvzj4qbq)8*j yl: 2+fl) psdww et:st be

  A Carnot cycle consists oglfc5 w+sue ))f

Give the Kelvin-Planck std fv+u5g j4r1gpdbb) q /c,y2yatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) ofbm/h/3l6 /cmwnanh oeb ;prw6),nd1c4twfu1 a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofbn hhe p3tcd 6/flm,//6un;wa4wor)mw11 bcn

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratiof8fu(65 )c cgrm w*op /9zktav of

  When water freezes, the entropy zi:t 6no e0lj0of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur 2v,9qayn0d3bhgp l3 u within an isolated system, which one of tb u93dgv3 n qa0y,hp2lhe choices applies?

Give a general stateme)2yzmofuw) q5/.tqgw( wq8 fz nt of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thydbo,4j1 zqx8 ermodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of (;18qyo h6, j 88yiek d7ckqxce-egp mheat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change e 6deco8mq-(7cj; q8 8p hi1,gyeyxkkin internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idryi k.r,i .fq1eal gas. What is the work done in the procey r.k.ri,1qfiss?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What /a3ehm cn9: egdg (ri.is the h/93dman(c :ge eir.gchange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compresmi4bp znta;q(0 8ir8osing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gaiqa nr0btp8o i8m ;(4zs?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process wjkd i)taaju*wo jz 7c87w ,wz-3 /8gzahile doing 25 J of work. What is thj/ z w,wka zwduoj*-87gtaca)7z j3i8e change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bh4c 3.o jbgb1vy 50 J. What is the work c 1b4vbg3.ojhdone?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energyrmaf(es2)bw7v4 2szo n z) cz. of a system decreases by 50 J. Whatr)z.ssm2 c)zw4e (baz27nfo v is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is +a 3;yjgn4cqfmaintained at constant volume as it is cooled ;g cq+4y3fnjaby 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is e-a ec5 m:is)sczqf;uv )9s 9wremoved from it. How many moles of fcc ve;s:zm5- esw))9u ais9qgas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of92 l0mvucz +xou, 6jlc water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of he amzyi)8 uu:9qat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effaumq)i u8y9 :ziciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3 p53 499kh:rnvwo l9llzq.fbr5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform bw fhq:l93l4r.rko59nl v9p zin each cycle?

  A heat engine has an effici vb, m)xk 1au0rjv2l7fency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doe uvx )2 1rvfmbja07k,ls it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat t,,t8ub m7jpx4 kz 9ijeach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eajb i78jtt9pxkm,z ,u4 ch cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ex-l7++xn3)/w dq8cvclgmccr ht ,d t/lhausts 42 kcal. Calculat/rg7vm+w dxqln/ )-lc, t 8thcld c3+ce the work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hasr bw 40z4gzsk*n; 4zr zv;3fcp the following characteristics: combustion chcwp 0 zz4 n3z;4*rr4 kfgvsbz;amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followt ,d74b l3nnsjing characteristics: combustion chamber tempn btj,47ln3ds erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charact(;ed79ld v czps1 k,tperistics: combustion chamber temperatpp1zs9;lvd (ke7c t,dure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow 7ml1f79b/ebw4qc zjgu2c jq*er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant +r*9bwcf8 qxabid0.vuses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW ofjb: lnze+2 nq2 q34ehs7v -isa electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betwergzu0q* pk ,0men $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine d 5du,f: qemzq bng27f(cdn(5 operating between 7zm:ed,d qbg(25 fn(f un5c dq$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of sey566joum hw +wa* v7the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hu56j s+a*we7 hy mow6vot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating wc* dv o*7j/v bj8+ 8tgsgwfk*between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 2a +r4s1quv;rl3i 7e-*yqhap -(n fanxq;8seb 0 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work isn;q+rl-q -fs(re q3us*b7;e4xia a h1 pvnay 8 required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmeh wy.iavlq(+t )2yo 4kui 7*jyh( pl+tnt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perfoohl iaytjt y +ylk(.v2u4piqw ()+*7h rmance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refr,r1y5 (vyqq3 x ll(hwdigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is qwl5 qy(rlh1,d3(v y xrequired in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when db6eg6/)g:kiyduaq47dp) 4vrs kq5 e50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the /kh0 ygdbg7n9change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entrop25 0haokql8;4 tvcv ewy changes blt 5cq4; v0wha8ko ev2y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 9 sfyylcdg x cx,8- w/y;sy95y$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.