The process shown on th vioxf1jy(1s17t,l :im 5 wnnse T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there cuc0wss(chor qu8,(1 qri8 *g is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyl)zj )4bbqq0f namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its uqp l4k10 /jusoriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This process4sp /1kuu0 jlq is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this procesp p7+f,so1u1i)f :txz ck4 jffs, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism t t)xfk cz:j4p,usoi fp1ff7 1+hat compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume dur u)rrzz e506p7v7rper ing an isothermal process. The firz)r75 ue6rr z ppv70enal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally frvg -b;-wk fga;5ox v4nom 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gb kvfgna-g4w-v; ;5oxas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed ini9hgq- .f+fw e an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat9qh+. feg i-fw with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodybs0u t7dry ; af+f42dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adn0yc(xw ug+hh4 (f6qdiabatic process. The ficd4 6w0qufgxnh ((hy+nal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one co dpj*t;ls9- nx pi90lso lg75entains l5 n s7sit;olpj*g lx9-edp09 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identiifqjd 0 .,w/+idk5rnocal in all respects except that one contains+/jdfi50kod r.q iw,n $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagrahspqx:n. 3 j1fb-r9m+efpoj p5f2yq/ m is an

  In an isobaric process, there is n qognt k6x(o6st:f hh;g1l5f,o change in

  When the first law of thermodynaok) 95lvt0by umics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thixw+ ) ): b9g1stb axt0*4bcdo -b(rxvcvoh q,fs procobd)fo,b)a:1s9x(wt *-r h +cx x4bbtvcg0qvess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant polczn*zi,v w vd *rwg+;5 )vg4ressure. As a result, the internal energy *r) g5vinl gvdwzv ,c;z+4ow*of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram i g-8v4g1ope b,g8isa cs

  In an isochoric process, there is no caz)mmpw,tw x-th6)z2 nx dk t,8p9 lc-hange in

  When the first law of thla az28yl; 0xhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as ftixxv 02u:g7bcazg1a y gtj1m.32+uheat energy is added to it. This process bugi t1famt1v g7xc y z3+g.2:ja0xu2 is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of5b+tiy,i jxu940yuwx ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, th 5,+i4w09y ubiyjutxxe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of tz j0u4yzgq +i3a*ohve.rlt 1,hermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?6 5 d2lnnoj,vi

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a 5(4e poet+ltfor 0yj,cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accordingqimln + s3/nbr u4r43hunfi*bcm1 63r to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one ( +quhkl:isj6 cycle, how much work is done by an engineh(u: q i+klj6s operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio oeq) f.:*t f;qfwi, awk9c( eqbyev)u+f

  If the theoretical efficiencp,0iz87fa s61mk :apmxy0lajbz1g (fy of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu:1jp zayslf a,800ma gkm pi(7b6 fxz1st be

  A Carnot cycle consistth 8 yxb86rvk6h3ix3gs of

Give the Kelvin-Plancq ).n4zb5jsc unteu91y7hp.lk statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined mz.:,e: xi1t l+vighz as the ratio ofg mhx+vi 1zl.z ,:tei:

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the r + 8rzwclex,n)atio of

  When water freezes, the entro bv(sqza877w f.81ptqfnbh :opy of the water

  According to the second law of -p5b(gt y4zpt thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, whytz4 g p-t(pb5ich one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the *msa8 fud.y-. bbvwp.second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermody w,gphdef 7a4 b.mx4e 9m1k5(ezegp5rnamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hpyyx5 g vx8te.*uh a:bd;p-z 4eat is removed from an ideal gas. What is t 5: xxp -zy8eytbh;u*p4g dv.ahe change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed froos kb*y0fg ;r.d /ke(w+;fymym an ideal gas. What is the work done in the /fdkkos0brfg;(w ym +.*ye; yprocess?

  The work done on an ideal;u 4or:lj6x ut gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is 6l;ur:jo xtu4the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatnz- 54ms: r y/eky.zxvically. What is the change in internakzm n-x :4ez./ s5yvyrl energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Whatk(5*pjsrhy-u/ux fu: is the change in interj uuxp kf/rus:yh* 5-(nal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energytpqex atr6 s.+ (qrk+;35sgpd of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the a6dq(+q+g s pk;sx r5r.p3ttework done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energol otmc)et o; m9trw i/td).fds0z (k-7:rsu+y of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exch0f i9ltocd:tr ).kt-m es/zoor7;)u sdtmw(+ange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vol6/idix xdm e w1k vp;i9nx11/qume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy froe v1d dp9x1nk;mq6iix/w ix1/m the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cy(9lv3sw+ nb438 tj-wbf0c,kcztai sooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the samplw,ts3 y-tcb0(f 394 z8l kjv+csaib nwe?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water9a+cmfao9h * r at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whq; t 3;, qz5cnbk p xrf)h(1eoy0wo swoh:g-k-at is the efficie3n0 q p5 ;krb;c1h ,xqow-wo:yk)(of-s h ztegncy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hea,gbhbwm+, 4ydt (rr8+ ,fzcz jwh np60t per cycle. How much work does it perform in4c+ rwb6rzfb+tjzhhpg, n m,0d8w y,( each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.,km 04 so7dfl6l/bjc -ptex-r2zcr) n How much hel)/ects0lzjf7rxcdo -pn 64 k 2m,-r bat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4lbt n grw8(/53 zq1vbe2 kcal. Calculatezv8(e wt1lgqn bb5r/ 3 the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exha g34*pihh utowt-)f:yt1- cjdu 1fu unh6p79husts 42 kcal. Calculate the work don9i:ujtp1hh)-uh4fo3 u tf nud pyg*6 w -1hc7te each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following(ek,n4bz 7gvo characteristicsvzk(g ne74,bo : combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following character3y q:mnc3*+q4 yarx dmistics: combustion chamber temperatu4 *nm:ca3qx qmd3yy r+re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charnkfj91m lv2k )acteristics: combustion c f)kj 1lnk92mvhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant genez:2//zofo ,cafarf 7e rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600qt*f0; e0e0kna dw,cm MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600sa0(cx.l; az4hjdr w- MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enjaqayi2p/d:t q 9bk (3gine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical toe 3fik-zxe)km9 g tq)j(dj+i)wnvi lq5*5/ efficiency possible for an engine operating betw3v)/w( femkz )dtnil5q iko 9e5 ig *xjj+)t-qeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cr+10;c y:k vzh6y nyzzold reservoir if the temperature of the hokzcy6vz;h y0r1y z+n:t reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating behfcm wm ( wsh;5qqbp3: ;o*u4jtween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 ooezv k;kb 9 ltmp739gq9y4 6jkJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requiq99obj6ol ;py ktv3 9eg 7km4zred in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ kupduo 9* qy*zr2dem4g;;tm kuj29;eand ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perform;*gremukzkymou ;q; d94 pj9ue dt 2*2ance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J1o+u2blz3 v gy of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. Hlbov gyu2 31z+ow much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropyb/72l.s ( jdxli )t;zyqkv gq9 when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice 4mp (v6 cc20ev/lze axfreezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansiondx// ;k jyp/oc and its entropy changes /o/ yc/; pjxkdby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at a:zk9.vw/mh 1frf v.t $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.