The process shown on the T-V graph is an 62xowm0d 5l+ ,)txaf m dlj.cl

  In an isothermal process,o::g4 dco:vnb,e:w nw there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodysn::6 qjcxy ah(m9m6nnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatur39e)su c m nty;pt9wx09l e.bse. t e3 st ;9mnx)syuwe990clp.b This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed d4x8x -siipr-isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that com-pi i8xsd-4 rxpressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during o995lw7 ffby3fzjv 8ban isothermal process. The final pressure of the ga z39wvfb5b o9fj87ly fs

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3 uknag* td3n940 L. During this process, 6 J of energy isn4* gdtk3a9 nu expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. ;.mw7dy ukka; During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process;;.7 kdwmyauk is

  When the first law of therm3 :wn jeszb-*zg 4od.c 3w:cyyodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vbq1:e p r beib71*3tg2m lux0xolume during an adiabaticqgbxb11 *:0tmrexpu7bie3l 2 process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex9 gd)iw8ifjv /cept that one containsw/8idf9v)gji $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders 0fk u1azo ,hg80l.cat rmg2wq ,g:6hf of gas identical in all respects except that one containso lfcgu0rwzg6ht.fh08qg 1,ka , m2a: $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the 2ng0 kobqs9j ,8ih0d b vuhg: dcl/,c1PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change i.40h /8rbm7w zfsfh mfn

  When the first law of thermody(nhxum -6udo( namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addeod/u04.mqd* h.hj pzn d to it. This process0/dd .unhmhj*4zo .pq is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consta67eg;,w3lie k s yxtrqg3q:k( nt pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gaserliqywt(k ,6g3 7g :3kex q;s

  The process shown on the PV diagramhy.s 2s:nfu6y is

  In an isochoric processdai1 )1fd 3ijgqeaf5o-e0lld w h(p(+, there is no change in

  When the first law of ther-t 3:efbek to1r 4 rd-;wfe 3jfgv*4okmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is add qe 8lv,jq9(aded to it. This process del8qv ,jaq( 9is

  Ten joules of heat enerlr1ciu2en ;9p3mcr ;rgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the inepnl1;r2 ic;m3u9rr c ternal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamiv8asg, - f5i9pzie ;t kijdh7:cs.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoirtx:vtf-v g1:/eivw8 u to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a )l8 uwrm8ydw4 a:5 kg1t,nupocold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausikzpr9vs1c: oui.8y t5us.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. ch7438wd z qvwDuring one cycle, how much work is done by an engiwzd8hq 74 v3wcne operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a )is7kx8shn+ jheat engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Cark0.y;:6 q5zbd(batek u1w lv bnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustqw0 (kb:6 t;zv.5y aebkbl1u d be

  A Carnot cycle consirp,q: gf(u f(tsts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secfm5wl h5g )5fvond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is de dmxq96a (g(e6f djx5vfined as the ratio ofaj (fmg(dxxqv5ed966

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump isvcoh 08xs 6:r oinn5bhwa6 -m5 defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the qfr rs-h0-p1o water

  According to the second lawd -4qv 3p-l46ldv mf u(j1rovs of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated 4v o-63ldlvv-j 4fmp1(squrd system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law ofqbt,n.q w j9e2 thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude x f:g*7xnqczbq+ v8/ ww4m9ltthat

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ib vi .krsv/lijmah409b4kd5 1deal gas. What is the change in internal energ5d.9jv 1/vrb4 h4kilabmik0sy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed.hg *k/zhxo )l from an ideal gas. What is the work done lk*zg/xho.) hin the process?

  The work done on an ide-u3+ h:r/,dmegf uhehal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What i -duhfe/,+m3u: rhge hs the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is thr c5.id( hs0wv* 4pzpqe change in internal energy of the .50sd wpr4pvh i c*(qzgas?

  An ideal gas undergoes av nm-es9s xyn/i1r,u2n adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?/ virnms12,-s9nxe y u

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by flmz1 0d0by21.p 4n co2 tfwjk50 J. What isz.f 1p y0b4120l tncodfkw j2m the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy oi j r ti0k8m9d/d0il0xf a system decreases by 50 J. What is li /rki8 0ti9d0m xjd0the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is ehyj.d+:spk 1cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work k.+:dp e1hs yjis done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cazvh99ur ,4+kyo3ujoooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of 9,vzruhjuyo o4+ 93ka gas are in the sample?

  A system consists oflt75z: lb8 uidyu (*(tj rg*my 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyc8k q0 6w f*1si:hauzbole. What is the effick:qofiwa8 us160h* b ziency?

  A heat engine has an eft,4ztt eq5 tm*ficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycle?mtezq 54tt* ,t

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and re+gq ib*izg6 d+ceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycz d*+6iqb+g igle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42ukv1mj;: ch-w kcal. Calculate -;:ckhjm1vwu the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyclewg,2e*uxys3re( ky(i: 3fodj and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate th3gxiuj y:d,*rs y2e3f o((ewke work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ch04e -w3f)prxd0)qscovh.v sjaracteristics: combustion chamber tempevxv0.0 ) osfer) c3-4dwjpqh srature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far hy vneofjf ;v 9f(/f0q/as the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempera(/j f/vqo ff;yn0vfe9ture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient etha fr,1 7-dvvxupuc x+7z40 bngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temp-7fa,h1pd0 rvzxu7cux4b t+v erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrh 7cj)rwqs*3m ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thio-7j8uo ,r maa0 mdo9-8hi dee plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 60 /;d tz;x8whpr0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between 4tl h8v0 h-bqu$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for az1n4o:p i yd2g:hxd+ yhd4n tab16 8san engine operating betweenob1+z6dpnyihh 8d td:1:g 4aa sx24yn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the coldll8.j dyee tz(yl;u; : reservoir if the tempere; ;8 tl.lejdzul( :yyature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweeng(a(gu rocg60t uo2o ) $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freez50viwg +9acc5 4f jvnc-yypt+c1vk;m ing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejm n yvka;i1cf0c+-95gw yt jcv+ c54pvects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezina6yx3vm+ r zp bdi6g,*m c5-fqg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.dm c*6fraqvgxy5 b 6p3+m -zi, What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of h)2- uo0u:ehde3 pwr pseat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in edpu0u: s-p2 3 eeoh)rwach cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whenx745 yay1eqdx 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy isof-ltr/ jwr0+

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expantwu 75kpw(3 b.y waa2;r+ubm osion and its entropy chang tbw5 (b27 rmayuuwo+ wa.p3;kes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at b4krbkco/ 7b(w34btd$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.