The process shown on the )kvcl5mu+p, .p(y 2vi+ugji h T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no cha8 kn9mc + ekzlgitj2;0jkz w08 8skk,qnge in

  When the first law of thermod9+ vf)*aky uznynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with 1/xrk .ket- 5ziq)h zjno change in its temperature. This prjzi -51 kxekqzh./rt )ocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pre-baek ahf)i(i: :uaa24l; a xocess, 6.0 J of energy is expl2 e)khiaa:i;eu:baa4x-(a fended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to onegsldsaeh 4, , /di.hl.-half its original volume during an isothermal sds.,adl4hg/i,h e.l process. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20d5 mje)4u9ie4st .a xd L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism th)juei9ms54edtxd. a4at expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed ifd xm-e15urkt d1,/vrn an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged n5 e-udxm1d1krrt,/ v fo heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermod):st5j2+k dlts z yd2zynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an0 m )oqp ogb *))mya2i0lr+icy)d 3wcu,l2por adiabatic process. The final pressure of the ga)yymbi)3o)2rco p aipo l02l* 0+qmdcu) ,gwrs

  Consider two cylinders of gas yu1,ijy ch78 fidentical in all respects except that one contains ,c7u1f8jyiyh $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylindeish:fjh9n hs0+ 0b gp:)y3v ygrs of gas identical in all respects except that one containsgi j+f9ph y h0s)3gsn yb0vh:: $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on fd2rt ;i7cts- the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric proceqqi k)hyxd3zn*z/ 11 a/mmdj *ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of tob3l3kz3.r-dodc)dj li 6 ;onhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressurs+ wvduu8wa 0usxr vf:5l y,-(e as heat is added to it. This prv8fw (xu svwl-0: s5 d+ruu,yaocess is

  Ten joules of heat ener7fybx;+ e+z evgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gae; fb7yzvx e++s

  The process shown on the PV diagram cy92qm jj 3sei),m8vf is

  In an isochoric process, there isq*ydg )qro5 +7qhl.jgl oputj.h;3m+ no change in

  When the first law of thermok7 5dla;:8xsu4 jugor r:r/yh) dz-j odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container hahokrz 5q9 xk-/h /q x98uz-mht+wz2that cannot expand as heat energy is added to kh z/9x/ozhzh+ 9qm h5ax-r ktuw8-q2it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at const9kqg25-9eb u lxrqk2e75j lhy ant volume. As a result, the intj-75r u5yqexhe9q92l gkkl2b ernal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynami; hudar t3a3 (i.3f6jkxvqo9e cs.

  Is it possible to transf 2egu6a4kp8l sb)s*bnz 2w og9er heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservu;p 2b)wn;ataoir?

State the second law of thgqo1wc (;0r f,i0h zx n8mb-grermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illurg 8+i6o awrqt cpt*a k3x6cy8ze2/i,strated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an c*gq6a waikttz8 cri / y,xpo68r32e+engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat sgxkbja,jasm :63n48engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heatt 69-qqbbz 3re sink mustqe b9 t6qz3rb- be

  A Carnot cycle consists o*f2 r v6.q5y e5sz*yany gpw6xf

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of ther 3cphnm*j1ae(:6cqj rh(y: u a2ss9ho n5fx s-modynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a r 4290k: 1i9gvib i5apgley lemefrigerator is defined as the ratio o2ylem45 lip9g9gakbv ii1e:0f

  The coefficient of performance (COP)0ilw/*yn5 ae i of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entrop04 e lef2f49dnd7iwnuwo/ ; qny of the water

  According to the second lawln*yn2d xxt:x9ovc36 of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choice6yx*t x doxv9nlnc23: s applies?

Give a general statementlsrk5)99y jq(, png oiw3y-ju of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermod ru 7cw8j-knt)fy y27k8 a/mhlynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat ismz;h 2v.:mp-h jewp(3sk/ oc l removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal ;/ zho pmwcj(e:vpl3s -2h.kmenergy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J ) rdmzjyqb:m 2+-rze.fw e)u04.w qwg of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the procq gd+q2ewm-jf w4b)emyz:r.ur.) wz0 ess?

  The work done on an id13(q ui7 wmzb9yoovrf xc26a7eal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in intco o(7az wu9v ifm1ry3q67b2 xernal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adia g.;iauh+zaa h(l y)3: km1adbbatically. What is the change in internab; 3hmzalki(agd)1:h u. a +yal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. rz xu4p0pf3f:1ua. he What is the :uxrau4hz p ep3 .0f1fchange in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a 7vd ;ly n,ap/hq; fb3gsystem decreases by 50 J. What is the wory3;albfgn p;/d v7qh, k done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 sns/ mrw*ms9 +J. What is the heat exchange?r*n9sm/s ws+ m

  A certain amount of aa9y+ t 6n5, cugbnb uj(s1nn(q monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done (u b 6q(19 gtyj5n,cnbu+snanby the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 l8m)gb+rc u4d05da g z:bce/oc+f4 nwJ of energy is removed from it. Hownl)+c/8dgorgaz4+mfc: wbd 0 uecb4 5 many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of2 ib4 (w1wigtp, r :ez:pjqz2v water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 702oxn1z1.mw1brzsr4 4i; .bf7fvws( swz w-u w00 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the b (wz;1 ss7 xrwnm zw vfw14.2.u rsoz4b1-ifwefficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency ofm 8:* 8aj+prqr c ipxi7yhz:y nk6(g4e 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform ininy mayh6ercgpi: p8 +7(x* 4q8:kr jz each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficie3hjvw26 dk sa3ncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust32h6ds vwj ak3 in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of mv8qk(b 5jkh7 y:m9taheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cb:(8hm9ta 7jv m y5kqkycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal opcb-9, 2(ev; -phkpp tmlbng -f heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each c;l-m-k nvcptpe bg(ph2,-b9 p ycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so fare5ts-a3wxdb)k r.a c( has the following characteristics: combustion chamber-)ta (cs5de 3rkw.axb temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ci5znj-6hsq en 9+pqkpqub+ ,xr16u ;qharacteristics: combustion chamber temperature =n+j -rkzupqh+b;q96 5uxs61p qeni, q $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chj)boqs:cw.o 5 aracteristics: combustion chamber toq cwo5). bsj:emperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates * o,() ct(pu gjx*m*rtccxn(pfs8e6smfz2w 4600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 60od -yta +l3f)i0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. 2r7: tbyu x8szag8n j4The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiencykzno4w8mq jl )cr 2+z0 of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum +y1pwn evi478y/ishs theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between n +sy1 8e4y/hv 7spwii$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Cuc kngy3/no5c .3e 0dkarnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is 03n3cy c/.dnk 5ego uk$500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwee;e7 en3zifhfp3 91 pwon $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ2x r;hk4df(ke r3+ogv and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much worf(h kxre24r do;gk +3vk is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJxjt7x 2n*vk*a and ejxa t*7x2k*vnjects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation,xfep9:hw 9o ;w a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer ane9 wh:;xwof9 pd expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy wh qjpegw6x 834ren 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in nic.lz im586r pw4z z,entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoesx4 d an(bn+,kfps rfhq(t3:9 v an isothermal expansion and its entropy 9 ha s4 vn(k,tndpf:3(xr+bfqchanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ey1 l jb*/w .kdr o5eabtj,3s/$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.