The process shown on the T-V graph is :.dw0qpmvu r, lft5p7an

  In an isothermal process, there is v8(ihf( zs5-* qqyto q-bzu-rno change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, hfrbki hj6nl05os*8da loi k9,m(r 7($Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temz z0 gm zd5k z,3mpx 2pclb2j482w(iwnperature. This pr8wn 50kp mwpixz,24(gc dm2zl j32bzzocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isotherma5b;*d9lhwx-y uz, wz7awfd.q lly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal ez9-5a *w7l,dww.bq h z; ufdxynergy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed9azog kfs9k7 eibh0 5sh42oq* to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final si ehb5k9 qg70kfha9zo* s2o4 pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanderxeu1/ujf n.:d isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by tr :je1f/u.nux he external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated envifkddfpxk :2 s1m8ecq--x 8o.pronment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This pex 8 -2fpd:ds1- om.8pkcq kxfrocess is

  When the first law of thermodynamics,v :jvzyi ex2,6k9)eq9dxj . ys $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalgma k(bmr4fr 2n 8w8n. volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure2m w 8fkganr nmb(4.8r of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that vl ko.;gb 8s(zone containss8k.l(gz v;ob $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identh25et k 6rwpx1ical in all respects except that one contains w1 6r5tkh2p ex$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the a+xc,mvmg00f*w+ gif lwr,h, PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chang:pom2x -2 ev t um/jq(,hvox(qe in

  When the first law of thv8wsb8f5( *( g ttexglermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand a+qq ew s155qrit constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process5 qr wie1sq5q+ is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cooei46c+ huuy8m1 uo5rnstant pressurei u6o5u4ho1m +erc u8y. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagujo l)8s3 g,qyram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no ce v2)r*mkr n9vjpt whhr --,.ghange in

  When the first law of thermody abggm l:ptx9 7;jw -w5mg:iy2namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid 5t)tly+ i,vvbcontainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proces ,bv5i+t) vlyts is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of b1awfar8/.xbideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the g/wraa 81.bx fbas

State the first law of thermodynamw b86ly89o;hkd6p h2 jnlr;lfx xl;k+r5d fa8ics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hotllruakqfn;4.89bjgovj9) e 4 reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir? 3hmavgu9 )ni,a; j5szpp1.( z4i sead

State the second law of thermodynamics according td m s/xvyk/ w6nmxr21.fl w.*wo Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mus/bs3/g(x*f ( plgnt gch work is done by an engine operating on this cyclg(f3/(s*bsg/ gp xtn le?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a7vv 4vlbb,.j2b,vyy yw k1 vf.s the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink nw4me0phufjdam4t t3+ d y11d/0 ue)jmust n / d)tju34mdt1edjmeh1a uy4+0pw0f be

  A Carnot cycle consis9wc; zfdgp;9its of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second laf 8 ih/xm ivymd+8el((j :qz,aw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defsera9.vsr u( -*itb(yined as the ratio ost(ie9r a-( .y*b rusvf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat punx 4dg 4a3fd /x1;6ep y-azqcump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of ;ewq 7; e(4nvfghw.qo- 9zw/-oxyzx e the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process thax(-qv8fzrni )0scca 4t may occur within an isolated system, which one cv(ns- 4afc)q8xi 0rzof the choices applies?

Give a general statement e.iv)bf/ y s*2ro*; .ltxwopq of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics lead7rgnrw 4fm l9 *rw(p2vs us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, j0cwd 8mju nqt 4i.(v(d6t,eq 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is djdw0j, v(n8.q (ut4q et6cmithe change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of he0kr ot1i- v0thdx*b6jat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work don r- hb1v6to 0tdxi0kj*e in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an i6dcdnt6gtr,+r36 gb hjs5 4xpsothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal enegnj t6ddrs rt5+4,pbhx cg636 rgy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing qfzpo6ua(p 6. f7p9 yca gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy(.oy fa6z 9pc7fqpu6p of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes ans 8pi*j3pidrin1-l w- adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in int*-rli s3jdpi n81-wipernal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the z/e cj lc 1oqx+i3f;m+ -ys:oointernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What1xm;ylczs3eoi+ +-qfo o:c/ j is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dehydwv bmo ,+k a4b /mty1*w2fwk9s0* mcreases by 50 J. What is thefys0bm4*kmbw,whamd2 +w/t y*9vo 1k heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volu53 e.di1-gf*gcuz acime as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accocgu *ad5z f i.3-g1icemplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is coolez )u6e i cj-2-y4vsxq;eme7- hmp- jyzd by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it 2u s)mxj7e m-eye4cp- zh;z6ijv-- yq. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg o faq-dw s85:yvt2b/yof water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wht w3r0cx0w*qj at is the efficie00j* 3rw cxqtwncy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat perz,bovf,xp46 z: i gxwx3n- z3j cycle. How much work does it perform i3p,6zx 3 wjn4iz:zx,fx- gvobn each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.2cox va(0 s5ao0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhausoa5 os(va0cx2t in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kc ii .-hx;cc8g m9uw.ijal. Calculate the efficiency oixij 9 c;gc8hu.miw.-f each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts c s-hz,4o+oql 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyc+s oqo,-4hl czle.

  One of the most efficienw dd7gc pyk3g; p 1hd5l7s2g7nt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = s5gcddh7dy7 2n7p ggp1 w3lk;$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effic+ hxx 07k-kt+kh/dy5ssto gf;zsz 4 5gient engines built so far has the following characteristics: cokkgfxo5ss/zgk;x+ 0 hd4s+ 7th y t5-zmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thes/dj8w obj(c3 following characteristics: combustion chd(j 38wcsj/bo amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pork lns1)uoy (lwwd/h8tm91x5 wer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power-p. j9gt0 gryp. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant c+cfrw.0jxn*kco 22h uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of aiv *,io4* lkv)t*yhfwn engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating 9m dbs0(b9dnc3 fkh1dbetween 9s fh0 cm1b9ndbd3kd( $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a g 6y9n )yh v+ih0hqky e7u;6zbCarnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold resei;gnqey66h709kh zu)b yyhv+rvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating 5r l wp8oxf,e7between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezi*oleycz+b k/z czt k8yt:q -ghcv 0;29ng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejec:t z0tk gvy 8e-/2y kzcccb q*o;lzh+9ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at wp9o 94 q:brilqn1 d1rthe rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What obq9 n1w: 1d9pi4lr rqis the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of o1bteao*m*, h9(ztit wperation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in eac*waz ,thotb1 (m 9iet*h cycle?

  What is the change in entropy y 4tvd7t6;nbew1a -iswhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrofjmbm1jj,i3i l 4ir( 9c.nvr.dzqc70s1s u,npy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion+ pqpw /avk2/p5 l6ada and its entropy c+/5pav2qdaa l/k6 wpphanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at t*a2w ygp2zvh y24o hb37tvw:$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.