The process shown on the T-V graph is 7,nj f*u)te ekan

  In an isothermal process, there is no chanz+s5rbj* *9fv3 ees+5ggm s-j6i iyqsge in

  When the first law of t:e3 tvdye+clq5*ngpi) zl( ,qhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its originacq;:ufe: 2cuc l volume with no change in its temperature. This procuu;:cc 2e q:cfess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this prohwxh6l1vu;oqc47ww (cess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of interna(vhqw 7l6wxh1ow;uc4 l energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermalxhh/sve1y 6b4 qu7)o g,dt/ky8hi yl * proceklqy h bsuodh*i/thx)7/8y,yg 64e1v ss. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally frocqe6okv8h: gn49vv (p m 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expe4 vc:k(8enp go qvh9v6nded by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Dunwb-0b8yay tt;uz g4a8 hdz(uz8 *em8ring the event, the gas exchanged no hdyey gaz;8n0azt u 8* 4mwh-u t8bzb8(eat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamicscbhj)n./tanmvpw,s 1(s /1sn, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to oe3ak ulk0htbgc q/12(ne-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gas1bag/c32t k(u0q el hk

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in a :/f*e7bp zurnll respects except that one contains z /:f upr7neb*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excepta;pk:jz2 v atulu1jbj d6*h04 that one contains ;d:a2 6pb h*lk4 0zjjujt ua1v$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is a1 li/18.uju rv; z1vuoe /axrwn

  In an isobaric process, therhhd69e7+6d;flhqe wpmx7ed7e is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,kcw9r( wmf6 f7 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. (rv*y. smly h(This proces(*h (lm vyysr.s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant p l x,l.ipx4cn(ressure. As a result, the internal (l4, .xplncx ienergy of the gas

  The process shown on -qa q0dd08 gnsthe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chanv+2yjbapbtct -;.yk 1e emu7(ge in

  When the first law of thermodynamic sp+hp(qo*:(6wp pbqw q d0ne-s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container taot) oh8 a),ujd 56qjohat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it.6oo) q)juh85a,dja ot This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at con1r8.ow3 3)wbdfpyv ,) cfakbvstant volume. As a result, t 13 )cv wkfwop3darb,)8by f.vhe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamics,hjys qwoh-oa7y,94q;ctw u zq 8 *2hm.

  Is it possible to transfer heat e1 o*rr9*oeiq from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to tra g)l.7t;irza- .cjlljnsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics actka f5gsl3cud;m:7;qcording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cyclk4f4o4 wpal+se, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycle? okl ws+p44a 4f

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a*b *x kpfex68 m(udi.cs the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat k o8fgv k10ae/r*shvcf)* wtku7 u;)r sink must 0u;) vrcu sr*h/)ko vg*ft 8ef1 k7wakbe

  A Carnot cycle consists om,it.g 10klgwi u+8ct3bq2ny f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement o , 1jgbrspbz/)whnbe4c6 97u kf the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defijb* .f73o * 8nl1rqksyv tm/sjned as the ratio ofj7 rv/k.jysf mbs 3t*8l*1qo n

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as jn ad//h)t/h)lk5jm lthe ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of thztiu ;0d6 f a-2 q5jusj7v4pwve water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any procesbay2ud yo5x(* s that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the c5 yaob(*ux2yd hoices applies?

Give a general statement o 1g0ntqnrlzea 3y 0s1nus509jb s).muf the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leadspvhi+l4, 2oq j+r9sn xpxw:2 k us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whatdn4 l,wkr)/ fxiow1 jj (viw:8 is i8i4)rkfdjxlw, w/ j n:vwo1(the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heeo59cw abwx;( + kv-ghat is removed from an ideal gas. What is ecg+95ww ;hkx-o vab(the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal prolyw,.a jfe8gmhl :ou/s75* fm ;oj6ubcess is -400 J. What is bg m 6l:j 785soumlj ,y.eohf*;wfau/the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticall ylvj xko4j.kys :j1*8y. What is the change in y j.ko8*lxsj j41:yvk internal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatias 4 4*xk g l*a65nbke9zb4svlc process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internbesknl 5g9a46x4 4vza*k * blsal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy oyzw3qpch7 j;o7j /8sf f a system decreases by 50 J. What iso7 qyh3zp w7;s8j /fcj the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dec ll -c xz -ftr/8-n9*tygmf-id7fn )ajreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchange?-la9nlf nygx-/zt-d8*j) ifct mr7-f

  A certain amount of 28h42ourudr rv/ c;c ma monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 2r4 2m 8/huuocc ;rvdrK. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is remezuuh(vx:6 q ev5e:r- 9cw2nfoved wv cq9f-z2( unuxer:6e: v 5ehfrom it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water a67ijop1 dj. cht $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losesh9z.g)m p5jt4xy(rq )vjp0a n 3000 J in each cycle. What is the )jxp zatmqg h4.r0 59yjn vp()efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% an r7e(s nilq, ap8*b3;9(qb;k ihzym dzd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it p* 97rpil8iq;h; y,zbq(( e3k dmznab serform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency oflef3 tmvf/v5:5i6x dz 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it ez 5x:5d6eft3 / fivvmlxhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each*jeim btmi/ oak72;e: cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency e 2/amk7 :;im*ieojb tof each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhauanb2 cjk4p9 2zjo: bfu.lo y3-sts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyclco 2fz2j-o nbabk.9 p: y3l4uje.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinhnn njcf:n/5 z or62b/g characteristics: co2/jbo rnh6c /zn5nnf:mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characte q8 qno5b6leob iy oyxfp50/0 -4qdus7ristics: combustion chamber temperap-8 7q 0nlqooqid of5e0 5xyys6b/4u bture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engin sou iq0+dl748bz2m eles built so far has the following characteristics: combustion co0+lu7m 2d4 sie8qlzbhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uq iajuz*4.;zs ses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW ofwwddcv /n* n+897hv; pu5(2en l ursrk electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thc h5khi ew30x-e plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficief l;;c3yg atvff b.*l7ncy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum thes70;p -ggob+;cqzojr88lb rpdn - -ckoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between g;lp0 ngo+-o bkqp 8bzsc8-;-rdc 7rj $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What iobvjmytx21 )bs+lcluap 3z / o i,48n)s the temperature of the cold reservoir if theol 2,btaxbm jn3i c1o /u84y+p v)zsl) temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingo(ym81arpahm 3b 4r4q.-by vt between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartm,ev2g0)sr7zsicjjt g +-qv 7ment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejgs7rm-tv, v)sc+7 2ige0jzj qects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heath/eh8so0on+wr,ip 9 c from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What, + c/8h eih0posr9nwo is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat froy5g; /d,j tb x+faszv-2m8 fabm the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input mfbb;gax8 /2f-5y ast jvd,+z is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of i*w5o1wz3nu .dz1 ,d okr9 yinzce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy isycuftu t18chra ;so *e/;m0t 1

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergos 6v m5 xf8sopm9,,dhbes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changevspmdmo b x9sh6 f,58,s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ss)1oz3+ u nso plz;e2$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.