The process shown on the T-V graph6aq s)kb)yr0jjs0)0nsm onx7( bz7 qg is an

  In an isothermal process, there is pfzl +si.:6tn no change in

  When the first law of ther,f )t4xfsta k8vjs 4y4modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice itgaabpa18 5: 2f3arwqcr: kd.ns original volume with no change in its temperature. This a 1r:32b5 dga.n arwcpf a:kq8process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to s()9qb8ma36 mi0.gwhd n m9pgay ; mrv20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for mmvi9.rgp9ab dy 38)0wn mg6qa;(smh this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed 8q1y q+fyg8g1 t1s wyyto one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressug8fqtgwy1 y1sq+81 yyre of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Duringk9918zp.nl.gg h4 fe ibiog: 4pnp+lz this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded tg9 gpll4h.i1 inpog9b+ ez 8:pfkz4.n he gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed i7bbp+/+a 5o.jxgp cud n an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its sura7opg+ub.5 xdjp bc +/roundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynakls c 3 6u5rc9ix,pf8/tkxc 5ymics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vol08ap n3bmxv9rume during an adiabatic process. The finalxbvrn8 p9ma3 0 pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas idhr r;wm38j*-e y..n 5p(o prb lnqvxm8entical in all respects except that one contains y jb ;r5lnrq -h 88*pxme3.rvw( .ompn$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identic;,bg , aa.jhvsal in all respects except that one contains ;,a.hgsba j ,v$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram2 0 h aux0,7v5zwtvpqb is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chanpr3h: ef1hzs3 ge in

  When the first law of thermodynamic10+;j got ;iivl -vcm r6c/jlds, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand bs y3x.dpa : iw:*kyn/at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process ik. p ayn::sdx*w yib3/s

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfezt9,6 thdg. uxr27evg mry v3,rred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, tv.9t , vg6xt3gru,hmy dz2 re7he internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV di r67at xhm;p(jagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no 1m3 rj x::e5yacqsch9 change in

  When the first law of them6djsvgd -bi7 yol0-ksd 0q f40e+/at rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containerlde qfmj8yz2,8o1 gi(sry 1p: that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. sf1plg8irj8 zo,ed:mq2( y1y This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal ips+5 )owwoicva*41 sgas at constant volume. As a result4w)viacsw1o+opsi * 5, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermoz iq7 f9x:7wwft( b9akdynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to am48sfqt(4 o+jf rp8r a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoirxrzb;ny 6- 6z0)qohpb to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claujxx j 15yej62v99imp xqndo-4sius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrat1qk jc nvpt58;vf6uw1xu6 (wv ed here. During one cycle, how much work vk6fpw1 u5(q;8tv61 juxnv cw is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rad ojznna+ 9n6z* 3uu8j3ynk -f)z(yxqtio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink muxwot:vb )w pd+glf2/rn o2vxuj 4j94 5stdxftlou4 n/j2r2):x+vwvboj4p g9 5w be

  A Carnot cycle consists lr*xwqs5/8 ( qrwx id4of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics:jiq3*bi4il7 hrwy)w .

  The coefficient of performance (COP): cfe02)b 1,bsf opmao of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oo:2mc0 fbp)fe abs o1,f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heav3yysn 5z37qdt pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the water 33f c ,+g3gl/qmz +uy ivi1wx5of*auu

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that r( 9((dok .6hho :j4l vs+ vtximjm*jjt5kk 1tmay occur within an isolated system, whi6t tj hi(vvt4 k(*xks jmjoj 5+ .d9r(o1km:hlch one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the seconrz72v4 admy ik 5esq6,q0mu2cd law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermoel0+i( ww bl.ldynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. W v er+qfr2l0jr16h05 bg8t* v;iwqvbwhat is the change in internal ener+jgr0r *80b ; 2veqvhfrv6ib1l5t qwwgy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat icj3yp2rq0ih8-of xj0. bgf m:s removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in xoyfcmp i0b-hjgr8f.0j3: q 2the process?

  The work done on an )hnmh ds+tpv1 6 5o5lzp,wme1ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal enmp+ how)65h ,l5m 1svdzt1pneergy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Whathdqe6r /))h / /gwpguq, ;dfzj is the change in internal energy of the gasgpu/q wdh/hd rgz,)/e6j ;f)q ?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is: -3owq2(wpnxwgi,jv2 byh j7 the change in innx2qi3 (7, wohgb ww 2p:-vjjyternal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the interns9555mx09 wc:fb8 trlp xfde ial energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the fls5rfc9 w: m9b dpe8xtx5 50iwork done?

  In an isochoric process, thefv0fig-qg4+d internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exqifgf0vgd4-+ change?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume ./0wqjqm- 9dtjjec /l as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done bc dqlj w/.9qtj/e-j0my the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when xolw,-/h5/fbi e l;-m.zvux s831 J of energy is removed from it. Howx./l-xs ;- b,fi5eozu mhw/vl many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of (g8 r chkkc4t:nkwu; ;3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat .n8d uy b9fm:sand loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficienm .nbsf98ud:ycy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency ojh6p4 kn7i(+ cho fme,f 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does iicepnh+f 4k 7,6(ojh mt perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of y-7 yw y;pfzc9t *ji8yheat per cycle. How much -yif*;8 w9t yc py7yzjheat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcbs/lh azkcii.d7n :)uo+ /j( cal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency b(k ajl+/oc/)7.sz:cii n duhof each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and).+4 wv/ ohdc9eukcac exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each e)v4ccd ha.9w cuk+o/ cycle.

  One of the most effiwm0lebctx9r h s7:-* hcient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tte7hcmb:l h-0w*s9x remperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engini,b s6fq,av9o,k7ym:0 q ldjqv 0val(es built so far has the following characteristics: coqf, b,j0o :ya, 6lvksaqv7 (dvmq09ilmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followingi c+8prt i6mp6ibu;a2 characteristics: combustion chambiipr6ibac; 628mp t+uer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantl rl(nps- p,(n uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M 7-l.ndxrlb,f*5oc wv W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of xb3dq2 jb)) 82gasoybelectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whabo2j y b/dmkj9p;(j7 ich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an eng9h a,ij 4y9jaeq+xsx 4ine operating betweex 9y aa4es,49j+hxjiq n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. w3+yiecast2/n - kw s6What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is y6 wn k2 /t+caw3ess-i$500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating b0shh vgw31vqtfxm; )mv*cd: .a* fk.retween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 2o ipe c/q894-ig)cs, jmx1qdg0 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required i-4gc/gdqxip9c m 8i o1q,sej )n each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment x;b33*k3ak h 4 y3jkxxp-snd;og1 fvk at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the covsag3k;41xfk ky x n3p-;xbh33ojk *defficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator a4e rd qq7qc +(bnqm 8xq2 *df5rk;hvv9bsorbs 230 J of heat from the freem ; qqq v7d+erxq ch9q(fnr5kd4v*2 b8zer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entr+foc ezhyvi m fns 51z39ymi: n;x8o..opy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, thjfs 34/obdi r7mme4m4e change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotufm: . yew-t4efoqxme v7j,1 .hermal expansion and its entropy chan,wej.7q- m4y vx .toeu:e1fm fges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at zgz3 mfp kike;8e 2e;5$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.