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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is8pdk;a+vwdp9 mjl6 /p an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proccruy;c +n qz-:gd6b0b kwj c57ess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th4ylob *9w hmj0ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chanj94arlv f, s,lx5rd;iuh )dn:ge in its temperature. lal:djr)4r 5h,;sfxu vi9 nd, This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this prob 7zysq 4ji:kmsj5qy( 8g +mu0cess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of intern0msjzi 5gb 4 7s:qyq+kj yum8(al energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half it 3/gxdjvq0lg +bwb q*:s original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressurl j*bx30/vwgbg +qqd: e of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isotujvlfg( p nv1 8t4d5w)hermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by pu1v)(5d jwfvlng4t8 the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated 3rt)0hmne x;hc u/dh3environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its s0nex/hh rd;)3hmt 3 ucurroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, 4m( r- b*m6u3nyogrzes3 i;gy$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is comp1dxsvvd pq2eu1hyu pv3.d5) u po.,j.ressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fin) .p x svoju5.v d 1p3yuv.2qhde1upd,al pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical hw19 lf/ge hif9q,hm9in all respects except that one contains,himfh/e9 lfh1 99 gwq $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excep5k 47;m16frc dpl ij9muf (n;rc-upezs: uzn 5t that one containsru n4df;lep fkujn-m z;6c r1:(isuc 5m p9z57 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is i9bxq7 2rx,wetil; (u an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process rtaf*hdi3ffro16*3p97wly p , there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thertj9c,0ozaplwz )sq u wu/,.3tmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pres:li*(biabo3bwuf jsu 72 vbr, g)9am0sure as heat is added to it. This process i3:mgbbbu, u)o2lsi90*7vb rwa jaf ( is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constan ,4jrh6jwga 7vod3m wbam93i 9t prea ormm w3dj9g3hbi49w,v67 ja ssure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thebx xq.a-st:bu2gsosursl5b/812 z +um +i of- PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chang: 2qax6vivqb **)n iq) xxc2xp+q(ami e in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the,m riwyp3) 4wtm(mj6 srmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cjw u s 0+ct1(4h1oxbg8:lwpj qannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Th:4 g(ol+h1w8jcq1 uptjs wxb0is process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant+0 d5clcy . x/vjh0hyn volume. As a resnd0h+yvc/h c. xly50j ult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of theriuldb :ov+o. rj- cn+z c1:qr8modynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a horr/ 0f n6bdva rf*fs r l,6cv4s26.fkvt reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transf : ly bi9rlev/fs(z+;on((qvier heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermod;d x-1oye;j4r2n +fg r8gue jcynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycl ;e p,psnqq/,se illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is dq s,q s;/pnep,one by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as tfm,9 4qpw 0ajthe ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine isr4:d tgl;h n.ewmb/m 60ro 5*g mxz lio1b4)yn to be 100%, the heat sink mustmrz4:e m0t/n.orl ly i*; n xbomb1gwd6)g5h4 be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisng)ht e 97 i;rm(a1rhits of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck stateg )twm 0 xqy09r)clh a;d7.ongment of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) ozqw3g a*2b3yki2 98e me j.v:5jye rdpf a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of3r 2:jyj i8b zm3*e2geypk59de.q wva

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined asp)8 oq.utp8 pg)m8la u the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the en qiic515-jrihtropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second zi nqxoffd z/ w/x4)amf.0a/g6 4o n 08ap)qoilaw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isx w) i)4 /8ff /4 qnoamgz0i dapfz6.n0oao/qxolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of tyww6o894vua;gjle 5(e fqog 2 hermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tha /3z6 onj.ossymh 9/ugt

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whadx279tjeqr 1;v5 nic ut is tx tc5ju;1ndir qe 72v9he change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed f h 3m:z pmo;w)zpf((rurom an ideal gas. What is the wz(3r)pp(mf hwzu:; mo ork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isofw *fsh ,a*z yh;jpuw+)3zye0 thermal process is -400 J. What is the chjs*h y+u0*wfpf)3z azwy eh;,ange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabfba.ow c ,g)7catically. What is the change in internal energy of the g.owgfcc7,a) bas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic procesqm36d 5otowu8s while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intmu6 t8qdwo35oernal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 xj5n*9h n 2rz npk 9rszs9(xh2J. What i xhsnp2h* rnr999j z (n5ksz2xs the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrea(teem +hbn 5 *(0ku qa1x-idin-o(vmm ses by 50 J. What is the heat exchang-5qm1 xbuhk0e eniin((o*v d-m m(+ta e?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintaine 3f5 msi9jn, fq:ksk4wd at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is 9 sfns53fi:jq,4k mkwdone by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at coo xz131dmrmk7nstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sampl37rx1zk 1d omme?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.b3qt45 mjr- l-. ye(tb7vn eys0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of 5 cr3.wucr gk;heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is th.; cuk 3wrrc5ge efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and scqreg( uqmw-8l 0(a) receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycl) 8m0laqc ((qsugw r-ee?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receibu6f59 p xy59 dek/-bs-grgxvves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does i5ebb5s9 6vf/ -xgrypk9x- ugd t exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each4(9 gca hrjzcl* jfi4) cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate thg*c9)fc4 4jlz i j(ahre efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42c:( l tc116wcgp4wdwj kcal. Calculate the work done each cycl 4wl1(wpjc1:wc ctdg 6e.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteriw;y17-r p3gsx/r0a ujz 3nqcvstics: combustion chamvu wpnx a/j0 7crzs3ry3q; -1gber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fowvjwlc it;/1k9ey+ g/,i qqqr o6bv-5 llowing characteristics: combustion ccjqg yi el,5v tk-+vww1oq;irb 69q// hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines builtz/topzuz0rfs7*x 47 t so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperas*t /uzf4rxt7 ozz70pture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWsr p9;uj5osux2y0 f +a:vn+udi;s i/x of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric popvfj)y d*gbok; 2i .6wwer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6nl *w4:ob75 b4vp0t m+xhsxha00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency blcmr,+a73l zof an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possietjac gb89 y2n:7du8 r 3jxs,wble for an engine operating betwwja,nu38s9dr2jyxb t : ceg87een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carno6w/95lf g, 4gskvs qjit engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hotwkijs9 sq/f4vl gg65 , reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwk0bqlz6 x2 )qxe5m)my(bgi f5een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the fh x+jvv 1zi34e,akrl n2bh3j3reezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work isbh4vnezir3 , 3lk jxv+h2aj 31 required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratug:eew6 ,;) rfop0nx3kwz9k ee of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of pew3:z )ueg,6kpe9 w0n;ex fokrrformance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a re / wk .3lesvtnzwfaj)pa./8vgt .2/hofrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer an.g//nfvo. wzajkl/h 2p8ts w vet). a3d expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ic6 6vww1ubqki.6*lc jre melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, tbid; x)a+l3kj)pye*nr 1 u,jshe change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermpo w3z uk/+wz0al expansion and its entropy changes / owzu+pz0k3w by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 93 1q(5mgc yyqozc t6s$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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