The process shown on the /dy wkrht; (jaed80)xT-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chat/c; x,6tn :hfdy(.f ted -syqnge in

  When the first law of thermodyo2yj1fpldr 05-qe)jjnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to tn3 ot4uz/jz u-wice its original volume with no change in its temperature. Thi-3jn4uzt zu/os process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durinabnxsq*evq2f y)7: ax5 cxy 88g this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas:ea qxc*b8 xyn5 qf2 s7x)avy8. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed 2/jja; xh4o 6,mrven,kb b im)w)upi7to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final a)w7i kjj/x 2nvbmmbi6 ,r4he ,)upo; pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During w4jku(p 3aw* mw/yz9/mui u:jb5uv l, this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expawu3lwyua/ 5ku(, mbuj4 m*j ipzwv/9:nded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Durih)rc1- es3:ockx . kming the event, the gas exc3k.iko:e) m c-1 sxhcrhanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law ofxb2qrgkf 29r. thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original voeq c; zzn4aoxdv+9z(6lume during an adiabatic pro9 4ae+; z 6zo(nzxdqcvcess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one co9x,9v5ucctywl+m 1gmwa zk37ntains tmxcklg+ 71uvc5wa93m z,w9y$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gasi* et6::2ogujwp i07u tbufa*) r/gzv identical in all respects except that one contains)jzwp7 **ef/iv rt 2 ::iugu autg0ob6 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram d g pn/e0g9m* /yvr:ge6fkryv*8tgz+uyps; 1 is an

  In an isobaric process, mjc+gzqfy iba+/4( ;j there is no change in

  When the first law obu*soe 4 zw+*gf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thi9ae4q gpg6 ak:s procgp k6g aea:q94ess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constan/ut q3;a/nziat pressure. As ;qn ia/u3zta/a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the jrb7)8fkryxd,3 se1ieuyy0z3 ,d 1i mPV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change i)96gjg z ars:wn

  When the first law of thermodyny 2h.nt55rut/rl*zo oamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid conlerj q22dm ;(ktainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. T k;jqr2e( lmd2his process is

  Ten joules of heat energy f.k0c1t(+mo fw3wf ;spi yf3 tare transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of c;p0 .ofmst f3yif(f1kww3t +the gas

State the first law of thermodynamice.ix u, emvk0-4 zfj)cs.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a7*vq2lv1i atb+cbv3d za *nbp3 *c;lc cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a c sukgp o n(sod/-sl9lhn)dfo;0i:* x3 old reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamiq7cooyxll9y3z v7 . s m2 )oc44*kmtufcs according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated yv )e/c ip6yigb7c p8oy51xg )here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an eep6i b) y/picygo5)v8 cxyg17 ngine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defiie) av3*ja vi3k8f0z4 il*etined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the uxd*/bbtyj7* dqb 9 :yheat sink musbydb7 tyx/*d b ju:*9qt be

  A Carnot cycle consist wy1xc;im p-je23v0zuin 7: 0bo g6ivjs of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the s o6(m n x jrcr86o9u9pp*n0nxlecond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of p.h rd(kiade5 zpu6h-dv n5:e:erformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio od(hn uz-hd6i krea.e:d: 5p5v f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defi,v7ea*5mp4 eaqx sz.h rem6n3ned as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy xk*tu sz-4n2vof the water

  According to the second law of2zt nzj9v 5jb.8agef: thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated syte8vf :n2 z9.azbjj5 gstem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of:ul1hii;k,/ c4cdl u/o mylm9 thermodynamics.

  The second law of thg61d;1fziya gy g )hf+z0dmrvx7ir;1 ermodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removhs.;vz9f.ikh .:zn3 iaj smx:qb- yn4ed from an ideal gas. What is the change inq.iy9x;anmv-b.3zi. h :sfhn z s4k j: internal energy?

  During an isothermal p9+( tfp)+ h8ae9xpg hrn:aixorocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the p +fo(8 :a+gpext ) 9h9riahnxprocess?

  The work done on an idealkcq7.uzb-f mt1 f 7bw( gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energyt71w zfkbq .b-7fmcu (?

  200 J of work is done in comprestds; 8qh k)dl;grfw7.sing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal l wk8;. dt; fr7hsgqd)energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wh6u yb.9 03zxphjtd p4rat is the change in intert6.jzu phd349 b0 yxprnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bx0q1-o9k hwn4a4y byqy 50 J. What is the 4yqbo04y1qn 9axw-kh work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. uboze 8-a-l;k What is the heat exchanga8ukzel-b - ;oe?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as iub z)khb9d l88t is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by remo8k 8)zh bbdl9uving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at 7 ey,maf6az5lc-c7mvm :cop0 constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed ze-:am c6y7flo,cavc7 m5 mp0from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at /* +:ilki x+lmx 1xmsc$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is fvl18y bs54a8p6cr lx 3em*qytlqe6cryv8l5b 4my 1x aspf3* 8he efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and +iib4igj8 bwk 85gmj7receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How m8bgw bjg+jk7i5ii 48much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of wa ,w6 e.,mrn5je2dsu35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhajesw,.d 6r,wma2 n5 euust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacqyd4p rf)ak 37 g0(:4sbagptkh cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effd t0s(p4a7g r q4:kf)kyb3a gpiciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal2nt0bsd84 m c1y/h bmt. Calculate the work done eachs/2ybt b0hnm8mc4dt 1 cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built yds 6*mggwe *k4,w) gnso far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatg4,e k6sgdwny)m**g wure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinw6yzw e ;yxrk0g4(j c4g characteristics: com6y 4r4( xzy g0jekcww;bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficiepo d o5kn: q:o(iwc18fnt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustiodc:5 q:iowo ofpkn1( 8n chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The k szt-* kk.6snplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The p .gtp+y, free*zr204vldt:f z lant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generp:.q- nu5dll i;kz.(tya 0 werates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of ans4j1i h0+6,2bpwe jm m0lwhov engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible fl93 8s9; ohu:ok3omymi + db4quve 7zuor an engine operating betweenum9 o 9m+vz;he3udib os4oul3kq8:y 7 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carp irv1zzda; ;bo1; z:vnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservv:1z;z p;dro vzi;a1 boir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operati3u fmhsd9+ 7x:c1difung between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes qcg2cs- ( xx3x8-w cjpheat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is require(scq j 3x c2-xw-cpgx8d in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ ;z jm 2ie9362dbxu/ jcue7s zd(s.tkwakxjjb 2t;6(37d i/mew2zc 9. dzuussend ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absc35xd2y.n ft:lyahs:; zvl .uorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is require 5 xtfsl3cyl azv:2.uy;h:nd.d in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice2w74h ke*:p zk;ax cip melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chal13( cjzs bre(nge in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas : uyi6b9kt8yh6:dwr rat STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes6r:diyyr 8k hwub9 t6: by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at jeo dzzt:5r +,$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.