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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V g.wzq0uu5o m- lraph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, yeqygz )9i /.dq:q2e2ldon /ethere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, mat+hcbmvz1:vy/(g,s4) a yq xw6p,x $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temd32 x+s; im/x3i ha(uis hg,brperature,(a;m32r +bsgsi3/i dh ixu hx. This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isihsg/8x1puxx1kgw -at ;1m bi 41hq4qothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the changqxpwgiaxbix h1tm-;h11su4k 8 /4 g1 qe of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume yfim9yjj*i/h eg+0g.ax (cbohd -d +1,mne:n during an isothermal process. Thby.c (* i/9hm01: x,o iaghejn++gfdjmyd-ene final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6-4c*adqh5 6oub1 xhvs dd -)by J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thaobda h*c4x dy b)s-u65hd-v1qt expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly comprere8nb/a n8w(f ssed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no n/(wr8an8 bfe heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,6q(7kgw; dnm m $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vomgbkpj00 kb ) 5d/f(qwlume during an adiabatic pmk ()gf50k jqpdwb b0/rocess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicqh z8 cw/w: *zrgkv6qiyn/x6 ;al in all respects except that one contains */q /8gy6kwqcn:x vwrhzi; 6z $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that oqfo53 ns9ym (ine contains i9o 3nq(fm5sy$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram isia43 b8dmjt:vmp5 i(je0 d: kl an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, theif8zd +6ea:sdre is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody .d ctbsb*7tsfg6r:p 1namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at cons fv+p0e7w z4mh wctw2:o7ai-ntant pressure as heat is added to it. This proc t cvn+zw74e2m0f-hiop w7 :waess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy ug:yfn+m r:av-j/xb; are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant prj :xn-rv/:ugbf+ ay;messure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagra qm h6rjgz8d61z,qs8wm is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chang9pf 51fk89 wlub ehymp;hw-e* e in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn- -tb xsn rcuf;, p+bm,y .fzhebz28r)amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid containe2m.ir):qns lo r that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pr.nliso 2):rmqocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy areaz ie1ry 20fwm; (l rhcn xx*1mp;+(ur transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ofm+2(;uaxhr eny(cr r0w1i*m1 pz; xlf the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics.md85xt,so )cd-t d hyo38e0kiqz3-wzos 5 ;so
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold rq5fd st2e0l 3mw+*mt p( q7vpzeservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reshy3;l o bi,n x4:6 wpsiod:yl6ervoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius..7vywt sf)0mj
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustr+def3.o1ijqreaay,n ,7a1m m ated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engme3,1r1yfaamod ,qa e i7.j+ nine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined hzfhxbs703(hwz ,f.; gsel z-as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink u4z62vj/tphwpu h:v* mus pvtzh4p2u : /h6u*vjwt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists of- gfj1v2i-l vt

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second lavljdrx ;1y..p yf)e o/w of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COPr cb.q5hu f. zj2)te;:8y evvi) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of;2. ibj5vfc e:vyut ezhr8)q.

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is def1ol(-h j,q mr:gaptx -ined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entro /e.hc jkb.(evpy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may oc(t x -ock,pk nzcjwz0m;3hl8xrpbcx6p21*u 7cur within an isolated system, whickju2mz*xp c-0p6bwc7z,(r3t8clp k;1 on xhx h one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statemzq,/ 7 mc2hvxyent of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads u;) y oaow0* qd8fmhy1js to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideay c;zm1f oqd,/yztn 0)l gas. What is the change in intern0; / ,foyyztq)czdm 1nal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process,1 t:us k5e g9-;,dpizm;skot j8mwk:via1b(n 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the p-;5tbsge wo:k j1tkpd,(9 ivk m:n;msza18uirocess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Wh/r d1 .cya30lypmfhg. at isym/lga3 1dfy.p.0r ch the change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What ic ur4t /5w4pordr rd:-s the change in internal enero c4r rr-tw/rpddu:54 gy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J oiymt txc p:24sr7;u ex6uv2 n:p+t3hxf work. What is the change in internal energ7n;tttp:vr hmsuip364cexy2x 2+: uxy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrea.pp(g.:cepl0a f f)8 v*t0 fkkfadvl5 ses by 50 J. What is the work k0d8lg)*.pf fv5clt(p: vaef.fa k0 pdone?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by af;t vh 2vdt)4.u ulk.50 J. What is the heat exchav.kd .l;4h2a)ufttu v nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constm-a.k zn8:2zi0wx b: akrxpqd x0uh9 *ant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gr*kzq-anahuw:bm0x 0x:8kp x 9diz.2as?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is3 t g2.id,cjymrxf t,( removgir3 (2j ,txmy,f.d tced from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of hn17rm,w sxp03.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What isum ln*-ym9 jkinqu:* 6 b:vlc4 thn *u4:9kblv6 ml*cu: jyi- nmqe efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an effc, c0ebnyr .d+iciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform ienc yb.d0cr +,n each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 1,tu4p -je m9n25dw vuw50 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it ex w 4pw, tujen-v5ud2m9haust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle af+g. ql+,4ugpqjdqxq7zd2- fac1af 3nd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficieg+f72 ,afpqd4j-3ac qxlz 1+u qgq.fdncy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal;* wo 1poy.rre of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate ew y r;.p1*orothe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristiczl / z 5u- 6cxg5;ne+gbsq*enrse *6 r-b+g5zz/ ;se5n luxqgcn: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chai:f+-uwtc:v(4y 8xpqv i(eq jracteristics: combustion chamberwjqicp:vi u+ (84f -xvq(ye:t temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the gomfn19 zz4 q nca.xw6ix+f/9 following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaz/n9c+x1 i9 ffza. 4gm qn6woxture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. c.i p(-fgsqow bg26k/tzu+q, The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec;t55:xb wtpva tric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pl7p;y9wu (v* xhjwa6tqp2iu ,p ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of66c4h dxj+-wx exik.z an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum tf /bkr krblo*dx503-cheoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between 5ok*l-rd/ ckrb xb30f$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperat bx k0tjbl;w298-/ 7quqy4xp/ ya itpdjc t)-mure of the cold resmq2b utix08t7j)k / 4- yqbl/ ;9tpxcpad-jwyervoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating be)+,glggfc6.brpns ;g tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmenx2 rh * lo,gvf v3p/k.uuyg)vrb1m7 x4t at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects rr)l u2uk1byv m47f xvgh. v, gx/*3po24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezib)z j)rt3e-gvarw/ s,ng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a rooz/j 3tbw )vae)rgsr-, m per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs dyo 96 mgs9 2aol(*dakm,/ewh 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requirea9, hkd*g s9odm oay/w(2 lme6d in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt a8of+xjj l u2y6 in :d)hrca0r1w5 ze0st $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fre65) fsxr ) gjvm3ynry*ezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and ib7np.,lwpn.xd -(b b o+m3c o14qtouits entropy cio nplq mc(3.ub.- t oow7 dbbx4p+,1nhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at rfnj c z0m:vs/czx+)sp/od 6.$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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