The process shown on the T-V g4l0h:- h(x 0zlnbqgtu raph is an

  In an isothermal process, there ixg9dc v8*un3t6pir t (s no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamupew /4c/cn g,1qoadgfr 58g0ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice itsqo hlhja5s ql .m3j)a0evpc y1x17u0 gd .8cy6 original volume with no change in its temperature. Thi8 caj13l q.y50mjh voaclpg xdu1q0.6y7 e s)hs process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fromvqiynqh /2:ztk:n:pb8w6 g1s 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of int6b:s2w: h :yn 8zipq/k 1gqvnternal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to .b x( x,4q5r rs3d 3ecv57vjhousk/lfone-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final prd husfk.xov xe sj4cb7lr5rv(5 ,3/q 3essure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this proc5ste)55per. ktger9t ess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following ee.5r5 5et gp) 9ktrststatements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the evzpd/s-w 0,hkq 7lfcf0o )7d) kp or.vjent, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings)fwf vd zkh0qk0jo7/7rop-) lcs,.dp . This process is

  When the first law of h q gdsr61bbnri dvc h205eo23.7sx,qthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumebg.npoz3 +;zmpyc o;, during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gazozm;by;.cp+ o n3gp, s

  Consider two cylinders of gas 0ow 0/dhdppehfc2 b+(identical in all respects except that one contains +edwop/ 0 ( hcd0fhp2b$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas ideee53 ybq /t*a6kinci- ntical in all respects except that one containscen 6keq 5ii /t*y-ab3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the Px ekv-knd7s:g2 /t8twV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is n1*nl -.satzq k3 jf7wvo change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, +a(+bqil gw6 d$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added tp on*c8,lxkr 2o it. This pro * ol8pnrk2,xccess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at conio w /y1 0wc-mdg-tkk4stant pressur/o1-d -wc0ygkit4 k wme. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on duhof0xe)zdorpps 4 f)k8l-u(y 3*y tu/2yg 5the PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change in:/qv;ns m y(dk

  When the first law of thermodyna9 zmdtu )w45igmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat en 5pgbr hai1/4b83 srt*/xz , 7buskzxlergy is addebr8r/kpstig 1, xbau *zbs 3lzh7x/5 4d to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy rc3zs c1;fk4 vare transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energ;c fvr3zk4s1 cy of the gas

State the first law of tt1p :u0 tj/::foupf we8m1 2n5opndqwhermodynamics.

  Is it possible to tran3uc axzuv lpj)+.69v0ixy 1qv sfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat f 3r;kk ox l9o/ e-fsmc7ozr lxp(q6/c6rom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law o0f hwb depv72on;v*p9-3kggrmur s-)f thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the 4hnxlyns i7 (a6, 1wv9s(qxg84dqlescycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much woq89s 4d(g hlvq6 yx1e4aisn slx7nw(, rk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as twy95homz dpkma6c962z+rh5 p he ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%zph7e9: y0 ffs, the heat sink must fh y7 pzf:es90be

  A Carnot cycle consis0 3jwf9-gzc0rje dd)b ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second rbv xl5xa*y2)ls.+q e law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined aseh in5* ./lx;hdaiel y;h26fa the ratio ofe*2h .nh6x f5 ail/a dyelh;i;

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ra9 od .s :s*.fgzi9tbvrtio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wads ymm nr zkm564p*/c-ter

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proce 3.ej; .buffq9fms1lrss that may occur within an isolated system, which o9l.3ufj r1qbeff ; m.sne of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodyuf*ods ,k9 yn 637u1eb) ze(m qqk+wj9f6awownamics.

  The second law of thermodyna6)x lt8zty(:adm6p l,jmkk d2 mics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remo v :jqk/mu3h:vved from an ideal gas. What is the change inju :q3hkvmv:/ internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wh w20:4jtyeoj g,w*vghat is the work done in the p4j0j2*wgowe ,h gv: ytrocess?

  The work done on an ideal 9/iqe ) jgc0m *cxwa8 dfkyc:)gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal enerwm 8exjk0af9c cq*g )dc/y)i:gy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas a 4fm)pwpfd t 0vmly f2w4h( 1;ce5dvg;diabatically. What is the change in internal enf4f4)vv 01wypdtg cf(m2w mphd;; le5 ergy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J9s2kbdx-rj8tll *h o2 of work. What is tx9 ksdrjh-tlob2l2* 8he change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, cj2du)p c9wv cp9qcs94 i 7;f7s2tu bzthe internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha4jb9 2utiz dccf qu9cpvw7 s);2p c97st is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases 1):qw0tnyepj by 50 J. What is the heat exce ntq yjpw)10:hange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is main e ac9s3zruc2(.l :jke5xbbw.tained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy fromluk3 aze2.b jrbcc es9w5.: (x the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 j.e g/z,bhpe1 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas a b,.zpee /gj1hre in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.07 zkng;i; u/ xxxpjcdj 36za*) kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in e )de+b87 ld6veslwj/lach cycle. What is the efficience 6l/bwvel+ dd )js78ly?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. u cvq*1 1ni*jlHolcjinq1** v1uw much work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recei f)-eaimn45 j1.fdpccma-t -z ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doesjitm -n ). 5zm-1ca4fadf-pc e it exhaust in each cycle?

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  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaustsw 1j(hyf,/vikca: k6nso2n9w 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eachno6:/(h,ynjk ifa9 1 cswwvk2 cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat e me2ik-f (vis0qkx 04hach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the woe(vfs0m0ixk i - hq42krk done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines wietc6 6 6d a yuoci5osq/z;03built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber zs dcue/5t3;0 oyqiac6oi6w 6temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines2o xas g3:fn i+cyrb53 built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatuyxgacn 5 r32s:f+ o3ibre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient enginkt79tob eeb 393lvij9es built so far has the following characteristics: combustioie o973evt9 bt9klj3bn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thkd7e o(/x ;q tiyoga 5qf6q3+ke plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses qs(pyqjl6+epmng+5 j kt1+) i$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant gen67xiakao f;eu u6 b7+kerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an e oi;;hdvdf i56ngine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an y, 2nghg /za:bv.l:dl engine operating betwegnl :/d labg,.h:2yz ven $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whi5r8u0xfb0 kd jn+ cv1at is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of th8dku+ 0nbc xi0vj 5r1fe hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatf b;4hyg:(7lhvgn m xl:n,(teing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate 05y(efl yrwj h:6/xkjof 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required i6e0r( yjw h5fjl k:/yxn each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat fromh*o47u:7g1s: v 6tokmpswo; 0 i mjufb the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient : 6 j0;mvustu:p7o f4owgmi*os7b1 hkof performance?

  During each cycle of operatl499ib/mz fbbks e7c3jw90j54 lb ogwion, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels m0 4i4bbj7 9w9bs 39ozl/wfbjegck5 l356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt 4k ,q/z5x)i+qvkx brbat $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy iir6nvg2rrv nzfl8b3n ;w* 11ns

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion0 bn8gso +2k9 zzgv8hz and its entropy chan28h k+vb098nsozzgzgges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at iue22rbfnk w 62;ve.d 8bm+z2w9qj gx $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.