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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gr tfo asbzrd8(g.8-jn9aph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thjd s+n,t;zdt 6ere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther 4 tzczw,el55dmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change i +pma/hpf/r 4l2ns72 yfu r8bdn its temperature. This proces7hfy/2ld rup spb +8m2nfr/a4s is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isottby+n+u2. c eihermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of eybti+.ucne2 +nergy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its ori y jj2:ks3v;voginal volume during an isothermal process. The fio2;vk: yvsj3j nal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expande8; o0vcm 0vkf 74iixrzd isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expcov0ifxzv 48ri07 ;k manded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmec t3*ypstyrx-t6-e4 ont. During the event, the gas exchanged no3- 6tyrxcyt4o- *tsep heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, leg;thajd ev,7 p *1t f;gz,1j$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its zqnb l*tymn*uy /2qa4 pfl--9original volume during an adiabatic process. The finan-4q l-zym*afnl9u tyqp /2b*l pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas iden8i.j*ubaico 4c e 17rwtical in all respects except that one contains*j8.cbo wa47i1 ciure $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cont rq;6+2q/0 r,q3qjxejncvm j tainsnv2t ,0qx+ mj req q/j3;jrqc6 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the3*x9l0fu fqiz3wd:qbp yz l* 3 PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process,rry-ds8er*k-;xbz*n c-vf + h there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thefnzo4y,m))i:c ewn4nvbnm *4 rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constivi e,p ,p5eii6i+bida oz*0b- qp1w*ant pressure as heat is added to it. This process isb **pi, 6iz05i-oe1vw qapeid b iip,+

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat ener2.a leao.p dg/gy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, t2.o./pga dleahe internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ih5srjap+- h r5d + ca6kw2r:qvs


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no ch3l tiprk8e etg-9t77itxgv: dyp:, 4eange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o4y l8 eddhy;*-pgipd6f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to4+;-yqf x ie 2e9e-vgt9bqjnm a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proi m 2veef g4yqqn;x9-tj-9b+ ecess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tra/ hzdfa,oi fuq/mn+k2 37h:ydnsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of th: a dhuhi md2,/y3 foknz+qf/7e gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therm yhftfll83q 9a-6o)lp odynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold resd-p/zby511,w,1 sjabypl/ iijj k 0nyja. 8vcervoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservjdi12wvtmj g *qd gv.d5(-omr njd/2 (oir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordb7as4lo rye -n; dwza6m-7 rt/ing to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrahcb.z3hj7 p7 xted here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatipzj.7h3x hb 7cng on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio1/9pgfr/ayeo.lte trn h.v y9 i5;q z0 of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sinkn 328l6jgcgmji43np d must8cgl 3n36 gdnjp24im j be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistsntn1m()+l mb1/v evsg of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the sel2268 husoenrcond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defiv qel+t17a iz(ned as the ratio ofva 1tze (+lq7i

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as tfbs7 ,3dt qxu6he ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy v v8 :wrx98 hcciup9j2of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, forcuknx-o b2j4) dj50 mx any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choi 40 2xnkobmjux5jc)-d ces applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics.0v b4jvnn kk. xhb03mmmz* 3*a
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concl8 ryn w+6z,jvhv1.bfbude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an iua* xnu0:hz 0)q z wc;;ooh/dsdeal gas. What is the change in internal energyz x/*uoh)cs0hz w;dun;qo0 :a ?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removedjasrym5 cac t;epaa ;.w3, ,*k from an ideal gas. What is the work done in tawep*a.ctry 5;asja3 , km;c ,he process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -4w()h a2yj 8mzd00 J. What is the change in ha z)mwy2d( 8jinternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the p3is/4pi ;f5hujsmdzvqexq) l9i 97b. 8/hil change in q7/j4iil;xqs ppmidbuhfe9v 89.l ihz53 / s )internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes andta )nnh,)yd1yi*m uv7; p9 ucjep9e+ adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in du+ni)p*j n9 71v ;e eutydmap,cy )h9internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrea/di/j5whj2q8-mi*k9 3 q xoc )dgxxco ses by 50 J. What is the worq id mwx ko*53hj x/ocq9/2 8-gjx)idck done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of *(iu:7l/7 rzvtttu ev8qai.ha system decreases by 50 J. What isz8it7/h7.*ie(tvlva qtu: u r the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of r;95 pzgfab; )2 kjhyca monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplis2hkz9b )yc;j5 fgra;phed by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constan4o xu/9z8v(jot4x g ,qfp2tuit volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How manp v8 xuj4 /tgz o9it4xof(u,q2y moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water a+f6out+ ujz ; 1 qroyd2,bv pehjt3x13t $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J it8..5)shs :jhwydf qo.d 0vc an each cycle. What is the efficiency? :osyh.h)5dv t. dwa8qf.jcs0

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 s8.ery: 65 vsd;/b8 nmgbyaqt J of heat per cycle. How much work d a :;5rsm/bt8v8nsd .bg6yqeyoes it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%g 4k/p3abe msn,swkc 69zza2cj60q(z and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much /kz,smkz 63s0q6c(n j g wzbca4ea2p9heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 /h.gn r+on w,+i n*hmmkcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency,m .mo* nnwh+nh r/gi+ of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42e0p7 n gztmx zh82voyyu.f(-2 kcal. Calculateouy- y20ezm.7 8n(tpf zh g2vx the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follhjg;kt a kr65) e(g hc*5;yjgfowing characteristics: combha kg gtf5;*cyg j5h j;k6(e)rustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficy8k::6pj . r;-k zd lj spj0j*mpszh)zient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combusl8j z zr dyp*)zkj:sp-:0.j;j sk6hm ption chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so fvj .)rt+dde uo*su 0b;ar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatubt+drv ;.eo j*d us0)ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generaty h8( bzlx*rq0es 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generatp81i wh;tq-njiq f)q5x; o3,eh;yy sles 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrer71cdhv:, ciic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency d vk w4mj:v9-xs9x2:bu u4bqw of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine op4/ ga,uc tov;hzz(ak4 erating between ,;4czaugo4 /(v azhtk$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatumgwp /gshs +n e)7k0:3vxykk /re of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot resk/n:/m se)3kw psx7khg yvg+0ervoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatiub;k :mh*lek 6ng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate.q ryh .k7y8rt mb:flo41g)j0,wttbe of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into)etjqlf 1wyt rbot,g.:8. hym0r47 bk a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rateu:t,y(4m lngb ;mmqn( of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeff b t:n4qlm(ung;m y,(micient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J o o itcj+mm-1/ok hz,)df heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cyjkzd cm+ h)tio1/- m,ocle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy eg8)pnfjm7w bq,h 78ewhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice 8 qqmyohv 247lfreezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isfoyho15e-,kdm;tb b ebjv-n+; 0i , spothermal expansion and its entropy che; ysbbb-voj m-nfdi;hk5,t+e o 0,p1anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at o9by6xd7 p oqh*m96 u4pe gu2bxng778 zvwz7m $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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