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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is ai9l)v b6sh1 6 )rh8sed*sa wiqn


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change inu5 ( 2ynl1 ekiseu1v3z

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther 6nr .jrevjt;0w)v+n amodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tem1w qa(w,+snegh43nr iperature. Th1(en, hrwaniwsq 3+g4is process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. ljgg; wv1)ngg0aeni 9s y f5,+ During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed taf wlsi09,ne5vgg gnjg); y +1he gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origina1kr w.fol/a4 ob)zx:bl volume during an isothermal process. The final press ao4 fk)1xorb /lw.b:zure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Duryyg +vjop 8n:.3/o ptning this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which ojyg3tno+8/ o: y pvpn.f the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an is3 9dkghs4x1 vholated environment. During the event, the ghd4v9kx1 3h sgas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynacj,wjy:5 a3/q(dvlxld -s/p7yy u6f z mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during ant/ :)z a892yu8pltm lad0ik kv adiabatic process. The final 89za t:)8k tlp ldav2/m 0iyukpressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectsg +i+1mmfcv :y except that one contains :1+vimgmf+yc $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excepo c9:rdwu nu:ot8 8jqg9 p: bl*7p:hoqt that one containsd88tq : w7jbc:ln o:uoopg9qu: h r*p9 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the+r q k86ojw8 d3psz1yw PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, b tq+m4pq09x 0l oum;u/)u5 ae bqr4wethere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermqpr jpv2 ;4b-;dfkm9qg7xy/ xodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to n;) bu,j brvdjmgoo 6).2nw;rexpand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process is6;br o)o,m wrgu;2j )vnnjd.b

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tranledgi n3)4qo9+c 3m xksferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. lc e3+di qxm)3g4okn9 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagr 1/bcbekjuo(su; h (2eam is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is ;z-w,4i bschws vqj 91no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam;,-irqngecueqd *g ( 8n6vmu:ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat ,.cmtn6fas5ce orj phl/,s -/ energy is added to it. Thi, p/ h.c,f-ca/r6mol nsjes5 ts process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl :gq06d)pwrefe of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, t 0)fe q:wpdrg6he internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of t ymec (4z9y *k7lrg(b2tzoq- lhermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold re/b lcbpa a9 atc2o.y:+servoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tral qin5( b5s:8erh8qz knsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of the7 2wrbghkjxf (y+;p1a rmodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through thehm77mb a78l zw cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operati l 778whzmabm7ng on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rat( 9g5hbr -uxg(;omrpdio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effi2vviz3ieyf l) v o(/1iciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musy ivefzvliv o123( )i/t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists o*2x,j) qg:dr( d;zltyx6qkz j f

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynam1rbky g,jo 3/fdi6+rju nfw*(ics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the; wm6y;q/eglfzoiw- :o of s(k z0l)o4 ratio os-/;elf4(oyog6z;w0o i zow : mk )lfqf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance gs/ tkw.o i(+o(COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the rq 7w6k67foyh entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proce n6zy179wxynwsxmm k*+wx m60 ss that may occur within an isola+mw16 yxkw *smnx 9 7nz6xmyw0ted system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of 1i t28 pmovcjv l01l7t xu(h+bthe second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of th :+qjx63ps rkaermodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What vv qu aw)05eebr1bco 7 cf32x2is the change in inrvec0f 2b aeu153 bcxq) 27owvternal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermalvn:hekrz 6w( 2 process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What i2zrwn: k6 ehv(s the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal proh3te))h0j -,cn-zrnn9q d gjacess is -400 J. What is the change in internal energqnah )rhd9j0n) t-c, -zen3jgy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change+ath:wt*3 n6 kjlw:zuyu7 s s: in internat:na w6zswj *tl7:s :uk+ 3uhyl energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergop)fdduy ck9; m-7lsb7 es an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the 97; dd) 7f-bspmuyklcchange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a n(o-l5dtxi;jwad69hy r n 24asystem decreases by 50 J. What is the work do n;jda -ndih5taro4 w lyx(692ne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the int 0*:ko yb:9:r8m4a swzaapx1 tvd*o overnal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat excha xoa :w: v4vty0omb98pd*1k:oaazr*s nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatvo/y4q :.*cn-arazz 9g*ssf j omic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work isro/9a-a*n:zs. 4gs* qvcz jyf done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by ; aqh y3kn:ei+;l8et vs7g;ql 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed fromql 8ek gen vy;aql s7th:;+3i; it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 k2wy(4o)mk gzzbn6u cxy0h0r0g of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wh00qtj 6 +zj.t f8qvmhyat is the efficienvzfty.6q+tq0 m80jjh cy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% an 9pk91 uy-rwjkd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much workw 9k9-py1ju kr does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.z7 +qlz9 f,7ygpt /vln How much heatllv79zgzf/q y n7+ p,t does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcu,3sfb th+ j+ ms:7 :zidpfgwd6late the efficiency of 3wgspfjshd,fb d7 i: +m+6:zteach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs qhloj 4 9:ic-3nu9*pii1cc3 u)o fonx 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyclcl9o- cx o*3h3up4q1nncifu ii o:9j)e.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so fam7kp0au )t um fo4fq5*r has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur )40 o7afq*5k tfpumume = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characti8q-rabv y:)c ih1z4a. e:qkieristics: combustion cham.4 y:ir)81icqkizbahv-: q eaber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effic/rwcqul83t 2 elug *b3ient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combust 8wcu blt*lq 32gu/3reion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gel4c d hyp+:y.j*)-w9thd6k/wg u k4y r)petbdnerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. +lp kpunmvf31: 9 vjw4The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 rc4 i*hhp)mo p3o;lq;MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which o7b/gsewm9umt: :hr /d perates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possibqis:lkqr:urp39 vj-)q d eo: 4le for an engine operating betweeq-r)d43s:kijq q: lru 9po :ven $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.1 lbcqtya3v/gr /1s (v0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot r3/ g(s /yv r1cal1qbtveservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating be ;q 0dxuu/vlo/tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of ev- jl )dia 7h)er3p:f20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work i)-7 j hva3: drlepif)es required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from *lr4 tm9l/ 7yn7dlfgkthe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is thfl*d /7k9yl 4g7lmrnte coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of r-li+ow gru 88operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in e+l-8u r o8wgriach cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g olt030q eocx+ii vc) :uf ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, ther4jdg. 1hj8ipx4-l7( 3nw 7rfumr, ptb eg7ty change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP ui,oa 0f zhn6l 7jt7u:k)y iw4hndergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy af 7,y7h iwjkn o zui6)4t:lh0changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at uh)) 15ztkwf jjaen0-/cf; l.p klq)c $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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