The process shown on the T-V grm 7s 6(ofa,ja *nnv(szk0t2byaph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chf9b99a ll(l4 ha)tmchlg-f b 0ange in

  When the first law of thermodynamicbgw+)n4zlytg/o qjk9bi t/;5c hc5u+y 1uq1is, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tem bsg v5o6pq,fa0d r6k mgs42o;perature. Thgra2bs 6fdg ,;smvq 4poko560is process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 Ld5s a : cv(ucw19j2tmm to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by 5md1 jc:m( c9uwt2a svthe external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isotgkj5o 070yd5 kwe 5wsbhermal p k5y5050o7 sjdg ewwkbrocess. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. jei,vqyddqs ; .s8:4j During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following staq8 dj s4isej ,y.vq:d;tements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment.7idrgv)qmjsth:e+zi+ 28p- k.x3 qljrg ;)jx During the event, the gas excha3qx )e: 2qr)dj li.km g;gh pj8-svi+zx +7rjtnged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamicpt5 7u5k, h b.1myqrwas, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compresseq3-n:fyczdi (d to one-half its original volume during an adiqzi cyn-(d3f:abatic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respecr/j4dzocn 44j2q0+ sliqxg7 4bt qyr4ts except that one containsyb rsq7qtr4iqln 4g +xdzjo0j44 42/c $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all ava2n;0 nioegrjv 5;-respects except that one containsag5n2 voavi; nrj- e0; $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagyx7(ycgg )4r f15+nzrr2ze ehram is an

  In an isobaric process, the bdrbh(63( amvh9m1ysre is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynami yfx,vn6 1v6q*1b/x:rx8o zuabrk)bocs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expandm)3k7 kbok(* d, )(8a byceps;,m:wukywytgp at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This prk:pw 7(um*bg8cy ko),(;y)ks mekt3 yw a,dpbocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl gaa h /6f -rauo40c698:m/ drssnbcnte of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the g4nnasgbc9ha m drota 6/ 60sc ru:f8-/as

  The process shown on the utoxq00 esm4vblr*a 8antg /- m ;p+d+PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, theredblwtc7 5bs *pd9b,k 9 is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamw:gvk15qlg 7zm9ws xs ou;**qics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand gx15uw*,qhmtb 5ye z1 as heat energy is added to it. This prozu1ghw5bmtyx15 e,*qcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gaso ahxmgi-)9w , at constant volume. As a result, the internaxhi 9g-w,)oam l energy of the gas

State the first law of thermod1po7 di 4 e3qd5km)l.z7emd vbynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold resera h8xgc 8gpez,+*6qvc gz)f)bvoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir t piyn,vz,2m2 v+2qwuy o a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claus)9e pj-, mfezm x6hq+vius.

  A gas is taken throughx6l+m jic/b:v:ik o,u the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much workc: +oiiul6 xjv m:/,bk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is, kfuj4. m(myf defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine oui5rj2,u( bt is to be 100%, the heat sink must,oj 5 rb(uitu2 be

  A Carnot cycle consists of0f1(w0lgoax7qvi 0 ) djapwmwmf5: f :

Give the Kelvin-Planck stz, + cpkt20vwuatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio op *+v7tw/jzxw.(r stmv(+xj wtsr/ wt*7p.mzf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined ludveq y83 (-mas the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy o** mzl ggg : 5nnkt5yhvh*t k;z,l7km1f the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an ge,r7g lol2q8d+wex8 y process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices apl oxgwl8e 72erdq+g8, plies?

Give a general statement of the second kztwg 45 4b*1mhxc44;llkp m blaw of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude th ;/yuqgbygqz-v *8p n6y-*bws at

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gaspisy 8ii 0/gs/. What is the change in inti/0g is8i/ psyernal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whaiey d hdcg3(7km o9:-kt is the work 3- ocgekm7 9 (ddh:iykdone in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system5nt sa,-r g80*wk406nurp3vt2wts 5 s bdqwx f in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is3n8drf*ws-gb vk5nt6 r 40,tp u w5w 2xtsaqs0 the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in commkzbqj7k ( gs;z8c.9 qpressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in intersk87j.zcq(g;z kmq9 bnal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an a06jjj8w kljy3unu g 9(4gr 5nldiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in interjgj rgju 0 l3nlwj(y5unk9846nal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jlqc1l/bvy)gmc50p * u. What is the workvl)q m5/yb*glc1 u0p c done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreass u78l:qx sb-jes by 50 J. What is t sj-b7 x8uqls:he heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is ma1s y1 b2kx bibdz1c:/0sw-uj tintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How muk1 ztu1 sy:ix-cj0bwbd1 bs2 /ch work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of ex(;),kru ydj dev;b)uq. s5u tnergy is removed from it. How m ;u.urd5)kjs u;dvbe)y t(x q,any moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wattcv sgsh 72a,;er at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losestif-3;kqysu.t ; /xt 2+dunrz 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencru;iszd/y t 3-.f2uq +t;kx nty?

  A heat engine has an efficiencl eaydp h3 t*vu,9ia3t*fnfp )/sw,u)f tm0t 7y of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycle?st , )/)3ytlin,fw aua7t3 mpfd0 *vth*pue9f

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycleymelkb;1 2x729yo kxr8itc y4. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycl y8rm 4lxocy9e2k17xk ;bi 2yte?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 k px--5x au 5i,fawjs57 yrcqq8cal. Calculate thx55cpj a5-yu 87r ,qfq-w isxae efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal/y:)uxx s(ye nex1u30ha txf . of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each n/ 1txhxs: aexy.f(xe u03 yu)cycle.

  One of the most efficient enginel3x;c lfq *ws6s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temcxw*6 ll3qf s;perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follofzrv . dh(d 3j)sehw89wing characteristics: combustion chamber tempfzv d jw83hs(9d)h .reerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristic ,33q pbyhqk2rs: combustion ,p2bky3h 3 qqrchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant ge y.3 ox/amk(smnerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantj*5eov gig7es4 8 hjm/ uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6c/z9hxb 2qks 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which op7 :kpbo n l6f)d/ p.teh.der)xerates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficbi1wflj 273rx)7vncab :d1,4zt vf o kiency possible for an engine operating betwiv)v,lbj tf1r4o 17zfcw bk7an3: 2dxeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engid5be:: .tvwbwkzw+* hk 9yty/ne is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hew *.+bttv:wwdzk9 5 b:yy/khot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating beqkc n2)b6oz b t5xc::nym 5v2ztween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compcz2*x;e1kz j 3f md:miartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cyclem ezx;1 mj :32*ckzdfi?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comparxqv:ve5n6 c4mtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 4n5vqcevm :6 x24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of ttt e m 6n3n*dajit2 m;s5:jg:operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and :*:gt d6a 2njnj;3m ttiem t5sexpels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropyid6*w 3j, eyrn when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entro ,bd+w(qil/* mtzetl-m2s0 y gpy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an ic4 5 aua-)/rn5dpdo aksothermal expansion and its entropy changes bp5c-a5 ko r/na)du4a dy
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 7k7 4goe4j y (-weprha$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.