The process shown on the T-V graphwlx(z)ax.efr r7jh :1 is an

  In an isothermal process, there is.e5v8kjue yxm b-( m(mdcd0+e no change in

  When the first law of xwh7d91e(p xf00ny hwk,zxzv .d:k /pthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with noygo 9bzm fgyag0; -;1k change in its temperature. This procefmb gg- 0yy;zo1; gak9ss is

  An ideal gas is compressed iskd-/ku3m v0s xs9bj 7lothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechas-v 7j3m09kkuxl d/s bnism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one- h(lip -ky ngk1k)gvg5/ck-)i half its original volume during an isothermal process. Thehk k n-pgvg1k/) c()y- kglii5 final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermall,l,ut mqyqp)+m njh *:y from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of t+m q,)hmj uln*:,pqtyhe following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an gnbni4(ii -hd-5it 0ccq* (nlisolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings5cd(0 ln t -biing*-i4 ichq(n. This process is

  When the first law oc, *de t(htn7rf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-hazknj b c- 2 *4mw9w:x7qilxzv(lf its original volume during an adiabatic proce4i-bxnwklz vxcq2zm 7 :9jw *(ss. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas idvn sjf -z;j b/a:ntl+(entical in all respects except that one contains - ( :tj nbjs/vz;nalf+$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of g9hw+it+ )4fmthl8 u spas identical in all respects except that one contains 9m4wphs8 t)hl tif++u $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is an :*4ifse:zz aym:j c ag0(y1gu

  In an isobaric process, there pw8 vkz;svg+z410i m fis no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicx0t sv9k; om-73pbv *iuxb r6ns, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thisry05 yo6:x 9ji ja-ron proceion or0aj-r9y 6j xy:5ss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred tqcb 8tw.b*uza 12s-pno a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of thewzbqc .1b-8nsu2a pt* gas

  The process shown on the PV diag4jn7s dm h)ldagjtt 506) 0o ddvv.np6ram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change ipka; +e4b2dkp+t trej8s ;l(sn

  When the first law of thermodynamiu(iol t rjo /-0(u4pcgcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy pzdof+oso v5 * 0-*getis added to it. This procdoofv*+ 5- ts0poze *gess is

  Ten joules of heat e( u 7c3ydyffz:nergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the d3uyfcz:f (y7 gas

State the first law of therms;is * )l-au 6oftjl9podynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot resert5jc;v260lzys6.uekqxtd 5 pi x* ,ewvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a coa+mt/ifw47gu.)jhe uq8 v,hfld reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thlpar4 b ;ab4,qermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycm.j/p dthi4* wle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thishd4/.p jt*miw cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thpior4i 5g16 cie ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat5ns;19u eth0hh 404nxiphtbw sink muwtu x i 45;0e9hshnh4t10ph bnst be

  A Carnot cycle consistii6sat -0gm ;bs of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second lao)++r6:z m ;mn,.nwrbjz jdbfw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as th 2)w5hptr+nz(mit frs98/ zzxe ratio ofpz 5s +n9)r ih/2zttmxwfz8( r

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of voglr5vmu:l 708;nalym9p :rhecd; )

  When water freezes, the entropy of the9qnm h20wfy4k water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for aimhz 1qo70;zau hs: r9ny process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of tuz0:z1q msi9ha7h;r ohe choices applies?

Give a general statem e drck8hpg-l9 , lip 2d;2mgeb36hrp1ent of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermorq9qz p, ua/r6dynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wha qc.z*v9u5jz 6ip+h yot is the z95.u+o *izcpyhvj 6 qchange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gasqg)e4yk7u9mq m *f0/bb/t eag. What is thybb 7gf9qtm4*a / eekumg/0q)e work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isojikl nkz0kjtbl *ej(n/-6s33thermal process is -400 J. What is the c3n/6ekj-klnz (l *tsjkij b3 0hange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticallpg 016 n+dcpssuj. nel75zr)ly. What is the change in internal energy of)5r c ppns0 +zl eg7s1lju6d.n the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 2 e-(iji/i7z sm7d uu0+k,y uye5 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?7 i-euuui j0/zksmd ,7iy(+ ey

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50cm9q 0ir+tmgejhb;/7y8x2 xv J. What i/bv0me7ygjc x i89 ;t+rhqxm2s the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal erl bg4:41e+uqjt-oge nergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What ise1-e lg+4jrbq4 :tu go the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vo3r6w crm+eh (8urew p6lume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by remor(8c 6rwup3w hme r+6eving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled bramneo fgh7t:6(ff: +we9 x)f y 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. Hhfoxwgnff7f am )e6e:(+9: rtow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of 1jy zq,z4m nmyx2i)+ggald7 ,water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat a,xmc7;l +0d5xdu6x svp wqx) und loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency cwd+m xul70 5ud; x)qx6ps,xv?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cyt.zk(ra 3 1u+iguos. lcle. How much work does it perform in each cycs1a(+g. tozlruu.i k3le?

  A heat engine has an effica *p4mw*e,zu wiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Ho*pm*a 4zeu,www much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of m ju9z v7d 1;)mks59tkpg jx9krhi6t0heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eachuhkgk pvtrkti769s 1x9 j;)05jm9 dm z cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal o / u :r+vqvmmo)0t3pmhf heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work don0m)r / 3hv:qmm+ oputve each cycle.

  One of the most efficients s6x.3jyceh ./fstc(/ua6i x7z 9nhk engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chs7 hu/ez/.k c6s3c.sfjhxx an(6 y9tiamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristics,rm7 yk61n dpk: combustion chambe76yn, mrdk 1pkr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the focb+r)a+5h g kptlnv:2llowing characteristics: cb vc5n+t ra+k) g2lp:hombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powyjns5h tw:f//gz./vx 0/+ulv; zrumt er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generapd7gom; qnx.0tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usdx)6k rh3ok b*es $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficie6oy aihl nwt0*:vk2p(3e ,jtvncy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pos 0kcx -,qdj,f,uzcb:n sible for an engine operating betwee0 d,-j,xzufcnq bc:,k n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 3i 7/snqx qn+/ix*a+zb5.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoirn/za/7q s x+x*ii+nb q is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwx6v jcg643ws leen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the fre4oll5 )dqwrya v j(fi xf1;z(3ezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycleqwf1 zj )i4; ((ydrafo3lxv5l ?

  A refrigerator removes heat frot4a;7zzuy v.ckh zv++m the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What ic4ht+yk+v7zau ;zvz .s the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator abs)oruget7 0p; ,ip6l5svt uan0orbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J t p5u0lts,)u0erogn7i a;p6vof heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice my*v-kkg:hwkvd,wnv.b8u2 7c elt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chljn/95rzzbx9 4 zb b4ut )b*gsange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and52 e(-j63xh k v8wsg jawos;cz its entrop xws38scajk h z(2w6;5eov- jgy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at fr6(xec8q)q/2r i9opszh) ie $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.