The process shown on 4zc kn 3-gw8wht d0)zx)oxx+r the T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal procltv . efsrp3/6ess, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermod *ta; u4zp :8jhxvh2bwynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twiceih9fr e7 nchiu4:b- 0m its original volume with no change in its temperature. This proces -0ef urbm9 cn:i74hhis is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. ie3l 9 dt,gt6wDuring this process, 6.0 J of energy is dtel g,iwt36 9expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compress .f +envof1-pwed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The finaw+1.p fv-fe nol pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this processjtzgu / r7(el), 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gaezt(l ju/ rg7)s. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. y0:bt 6ptx*b/ qhus/dko4gr8 During the event, the gas exchanged tk8 dbrb h xys/g:60uo/t4*pqno heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodjims cfo(k+opwwr n3kp625nyd n/9f9 ev a(, 9ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gasf12nv3 iuo/ 6f ,( tjydmvvoh;c4)rqi is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final presuvnt 4foi3vj (yoi1;),vh/ fm 6dq2c rsure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders oo bf3f.76i mllf gas identical in all respects except that one contains ob7f3l6.m fli $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ega:0h; o, zedkxcept that one contains ed:g ;akho0z,$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram 2h7(p f 0yth q)1x4uv:r(cfwwi0pxeo is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change :shh+ o9w17kp-m eernsw e x-*k mxm77in

  When the first law on 7d30b dn 7letsxc+2jf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it.e3 :7mz cac1hd This procezac 7c1d3h:m ess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferr ht+sd+ w(1eak5qia3ted to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the ka t3qdwh5s ei+(a+t1internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagrkv:,5ywfjw1 dw) -ogj am is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change i/5sd+mo6 aa ;p fiut4lhma ps;;imh+6n

  When the first law of thermodynamics, 6p-cr .foon s e r3-5kb7yn)r:mq xk/p$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotn5w 1 jbkc o.h.a6cs o odu8kgo4:vmut37u7 (m expand as heat energy is added to it.7 cg1 m6a .obv k4o3uu(tkh nju7c5wo.om s:8d This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to afn4d leer 5 + qo;h+)pye+it2q sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal e;+lnqf2+y teq d rph4o eie)+5nergy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynauaty0 8uy . 7kp4zl;gk47tdiq mics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold re ab68c:b:wtz bs6d;ndservoir?

  Is it possible to transfersc qwb:7y--fvr aj*2gbor8j5 heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics accvpyux;)m) db.lo oj2 )ording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durinvj d 8j5,pov(zg one cycle, how much work is do5jd (,o vjzp8vne by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engin tyxt:4v,rd k1xtu-. q o7+vh1ifb6 wke is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of pd-o+l8 kkrpk6jj 2+hgs0aw9 a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must j 0lw8+2kk9dpr-ahp6kg js +obe

  A Carnot cycle consists4 6ru76sjsda e of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second lp*z hk1u.rjt:3cn/fgam0 h h)aw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (Cm/ s1bio/apy yln7ph3*aqf)9OP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o/asbm 1iyya*lq fh pon)9/ 73pf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) jytd b(n 3pb4)of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of tvw3ocx.zc+ j- he water

  According to the second law of thermodynj* 3+pu dccl)eamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated sys pl*jcdce +3u)tem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics.+ u kn2q+nl17q6nuvq w

  The second law of thermodynamics leads ,/hr0eich, rix1y rt .g,pu 2qus to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is re7ikq1ed*9xssd m+xhmje ( , 5smoved from an ideal gas. What i7js h*d9 + ,es51sx dxikqme(ms the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed f6 *1bf rd5px0. moucth.bh dr7rom an ideal gas. What is the woh0mbu *dt1drh. 6 .rf5cpb7xork done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. )gvyq3sppmux.* l9 z9What is the change in intqsgzxv9 .p* l yu93)pmernal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adxk*abd*cig+1 -z ehy(iabatically. What is the change in internalb+h* g*xa (ekd1y icz- energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an a uh1y)b6v+ya0,jq z iddiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is tqb0z1 au) jv6hdyi ,y+he change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the u h(ahk*)ls ;s))xcy5loz6yn internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thos 5;)syhz h)kncx *l)6ulay( e work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energp-lwvfs;f0hcj* ;7 t vy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heatph-l; jwvs7 ;t*f fv0c exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it z0,u;b xuw3zxbmt 4kwr:/r +ddcx95bis cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energdu3z:/; cxxwbd4 mtr +5wxb 9k,zb ur0y from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is rem:lxn+ e0xigbj 5n,-f yoved from it.,xi-x :0f+5jyngbn l e How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.al q+zai(p j,ln3.pex n zh:j:n w:b950 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What it:uj. d6xnp 0c)y3 ejgs tegc:)63 xjdt j0.nuyp he efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle zwglurlc0s1q-*ni-*i jj .6k. How much work does it perform in eacugsicrlw*6k 01n-j*q. i l- zjh cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency oj))rqi.yaxr :4: h dq7z u1h0xet b;qof 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heatqio7z: r d;) q:.01yxeubxt) jhraq4h does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. xz/a gauh 1 05qit5zh.Calculate thet.5g/5az1 uxha0hz qi efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal zc76qtf r6hm-. Calculate the wc rh6qftm-6 7zork done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has 9ntv,x hrta81the following characteristics: combu nxvh1t,t r8a9stion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines r cuw;w4jz/y r0j.: yxbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustic4.yrzuxw;/ jr w0 j:yon chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterr( uecfq2 bqz;f2-9 ooistics: combustion cham-bf(e2 fr;9o o qcuq2zber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant gen/jieph/s6uw) k ftc 46erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generate0l-nmjw (ok :imk ,w7ps 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW xjr,5qx: )k ybof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which g)-in8c00g cnbc-h7 (qluq.k hf) djioperates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine opr jd1l:yoj ,/derating betweedjr1 dylo/j:, n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35. eqhqrzuh25 gi);vf *0g0,: vnqd-nh u0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature 0)5; ,gu n- qdq:q02rn*hfezhgv iuhvof the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operat2 9uct4ct ww );j0j.cucogu6wz+ee u *ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comb5 d(2efef w5mpartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in5mb5efdf ew(2 each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compae1v v: dc.skv.rtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ek:d c1 ..vvvsejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation,mj(vit bf.ug6qdp-yf3.n,q 6 a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is require( dj-fyn,6mtqvqipb gu6. 3.f d in each cycle?

  What is the change iapzi3/a **y:qrum0opn entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice b zdu,u3 bsg4ym3+w3u3wo:wpfreezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an xzft;,5 mmtzqfhiga: u 3l )(,isothermal expansion and its entropy changes bytmtg,q )ffzz5 ,h l i3;x(uma:
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at pm) 3:.cm(b.s bkin/cb8x *s2 y uolcd$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.