The process shown on b3p:mdxa z( q3the T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal processo-xf q3g+tm+t+pp6 ry , there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics,k,:maagu 0 b.z $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with nyamh3:xvy ; slc 38xxhq4a30fo change in its temperature. Txm ;lvyc3shx8aa33 qyx: h04 fhis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Duringej90,xi)kpjr q ie3 r, this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by th9re),pxer0ij q,ij3k e external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isom3mw k/aqp)3)r qaqs(u0 g)+lfn+ t rzthermal process. The final pressure oq+rlrmaqpt3 /q w)nagzu )s3+) ( mkf0f the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermacl-3 mv q:q.jnlly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statemencvlmq:-j 3n.q ts is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated e *k *kvz+; ol)xgd.knrnvironment. During the event, the gas exchanged nnkrl +xkv* gk;o.d* )zo heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermo pulf y2t5h5 hwl u(/2,voxk:adynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original :* eorroqxmq6sqc o95i8a /xt0:gv9hvolume during an adiabatvrgx 9or:ie oh:s*q a56tm9ox qc/8q 0ic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in ale06p8y ahbj u3l respects except that one contains 6eu0bh a8y3pj $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all re2 ila9k9pd xe: ;d+sg+ ztp)nespects except that one contains +ns:9eid)+ka p xte2p9z; gdl$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram+yc4;u2ora3azs; j ie is an

  In an isobaric processln -1pvd lxw6uw68v3s, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamic )f,fjf -bllu u)mlkwhh i38:)s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This p60pnryuk8 qzr(b*p 6 wrocess yp wnbk8r6r pq (60zu*is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred m c-a 8nl:-zarto a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the inml a8zarc-:-nternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the P,e-z uy 5* bjx0a ypu5:ja*swkV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change inqjj2)u3ob ke h8-2zvgtcv d7mbz/ 5 0b

  When the first law of thermodynaz*v7jfn) h91b g re8jn5lwpx(mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand asz seb30(3 u7gwv gem2e heat energy is added to it. This emz73w be2 eggu03v (sprocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at +hqegd2iebo ,601o 0idxytu)f jccj*e;- t(bconstant volume. As a result, the inti)t y ,+gix0 ;j*2f1cdcb0hduej b( ee6ooqt-ernal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermoxd8hsq+gjp.f4a j (12 7sxn y.mxs2aldynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reb9*qb yu29l,ouwvwn/gq0bl(i p g3w *servoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservrk4(q,9hankk nb(o+ loir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiunkhlbprqlhb+ iax9 w1t 1; n1fk.891bs.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle,bsmz 2 6ju(d,i how much work is done by an engine operatis(u 62bi mz,djng on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined :1c h,-et rvryas the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of oli+ nd)i0qsnphl m4ux -4+b *a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu m*i x u+h)n 0il4bdsq4o-p+nlst be

  A Carnot cycle consists budu;5myzg ,,o1kr05z su zy.of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of -ha ly0+e;zid 5g/bd fthe second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performe g yems;--dj;ance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofegm;d ;e-s-j y

  The coefficient of performanci58gbn7g uog5k5ekkrk io0h(v(u +:he (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the water 7upt-fcf lzg1zu6;ekih8 w25

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may og gi2ud+- .gchccur within an isolated system, which one of the choices applidc-uig+2 g.g hes?

Give a general statement of the second law o(an3wy 7fmt-sf thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads ctv l: oq+4u4yuj+n,xus to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of cj*2s;hmal wb3s,(so heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in inte(swm;boa j*h3 sc, sl2rnal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from a borti-k+h7e 0n ideal gas. What is the work done in the proce k7o+b0ri-ethss?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process ip,+hv:4 z rcwws -400 J. What is the change in :pr hv4 wc+,wzinternal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gaxu:td 2r qgu:29 w.*v,p-3 7p9ya ytqtofqtcls adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of th rlu3: 9xwgtqy2qut* 29o.7q-p : yvpatfd,c te gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J ofbi0fi1+aul- zrbx 5 u9 work. What is the chanixbr+- a9lu1iu5 bzf 0ge in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases uswsx(6hwv 8k k)lo;m 6i6w0u by 50 J. Whaths8i 6k6(uw ;wsom v u)6kxlw0 is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syst;q; 6;r9e lmiwog3yfjem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchange?9yqe;3 i wfj;;logrm6

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mak d1zz-y-9bi nintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work i1dn- bki 9yzz-s done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at sr9pdfqqon+ib :(:xn,7s 9 yzconstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in t ds 7fzi,q n:+ynqsp9:rb(9xohe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at e; mzh8oy/1y// ebf5:nix d7 jkabw2c$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 300tebc2vjuy*qno.j 31 7 0 J in each cycle. What is the efficien7tn.yve cqj1bo32j u*cy?

  A heat engine has an efficien4 dxmp4ctvl0 1cy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eadxp1lvm c404tch cycle?

  A heat engine has an effif .q c+mf1u9faylih). ciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exqhl cy1u9imf.f )f+a.haust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbsh(jmm2g ds1; ;mq,rgy 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eac s (md,m;ym2gqh;rgj1 h cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacul h k2gps6dj4-4o8 gu*e:zi -xde;mkh cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done hx;-s2kdu u olegj-:gz mepkdi 44*68each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterid;1m2sx0+ uzlrao*og stics: combustion chamber tempera +roxm0* sa;2zgdou1lture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha cs frnkp 28x.szq6+9be+y 0cas the following characteristics: combustion chamber tesp cn qz8ca 0se+k+.96yx2rf bmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so fa9tu k r.w6s8nnr has the following characteristics: combustion89 t6 k.wunrns chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The o+0j p7 5sn:legm/lksplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant genb 9w *olmn6kyf +q0nq*erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6 z02 (tk oxu s1e/1ylm.u(svbj00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enkhzx;ki n7c30ex mxi9-w 1b6rgine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bet-7 ppthk ew2h2we27w k2 -pthhpeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature3ynxb/xwvfi f 4 5-wvf -n+t1l of the cold reservoir ifv3/x+w y- vwbx f t-f5nl4if1n the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwetk:8q 0ip) s*ecvi 1cien $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freebnra w,z6n6w) zing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much,nn6wz6a b rw) work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratede ucrsopw,(7gy - 43d of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of pedo-c4 7 g,rpsu wd3e(yrformance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat fs.uaa pxawaavy696 w ,6dd:4from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in4wsapfd yd.9, xauv6a6 6aaw: each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mw 6o8(wt41zzkdur-5 +4rl9 ybhjvmabelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change ivq1p 8 4a/hxcy8xz *xvn entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas ar gg/-f yu/w9rt STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entrop/-g yw9 /rrfguy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 7acb *w5-pmpy$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.