The process shown on the T-V graph isyo emlzy22c e67 qf5s- an

  In an isothermal process, there is .jiv 1m1lg(ddno change in

  When the first law of thermodm x4)wnlb 1+gt2k0wmlynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change inkbd6rxcs5 sz 3j;9 gt7 its temperature. This cstszk59bd;x736 r gjprocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isot96 x05z1to qzit yp,ea wpn3)hhermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What3qziwpz10 6n ,tya)h ept x59o is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compresmut*;quv lr*p(wc pa2 , k /ou0t)4bjzsed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The 2; v*ujkurt(*zcbqtm) laopu p 0/ 4,wfinal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During hy5 h 5si1y .7/xqdezqthis process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that ei yhxy7s/e.1z5hq d5q xpanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event i5digp, an+.tby21 iw, the gas exchanged no heat with its sut ,d.ig a12w5y bpin+irroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermody/mmb2k9y)tjti 6s -kb namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during a*-o40s2r5iehx5 mpqii cy1 lmn adiab*40cmshm 5q-ixep5 ior1yl2 iatic process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all resp-b-ujxa:fefh :* 3ov eects except that one contains eve f* j-ofu -:ah3b:x$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containuvtnd pl);i xv ka ;;ot500evk6in8:m s iadn8x) 0 mvvpt; ;iu et k56ol:k0vn;$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the sq+y6ext 1*l;v1l ) jmgqd8x zPV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change isfy3i8gth 1+ hn

  When the first law ofee wnppc ql(7*t)-y p*p8bm w) thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addkj/0xga16 58/ tqr d ,affufvqed to it. This processf/jq/1qtaka,f6dx 085 gufv r is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample hiq-r 8q is6.: .cmcroof ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of thcmiscioq:. - h r.8rq6e gas

  The process shown on the PV xumilb 7m+479sl a3pkdiagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change89 d: w2fy(ojo- onv2u8x;3 xhyruckr in

  When the first law of thermp/q(yo pavc8k-n*her e 5t q.+odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addeqbq h, xl.y+o7gef1 3qd to.+yxheg q, lq3q1ofb7 it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal g3ht xco/;z go7as at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of t /7o oxthg3;zche gas

State the first law of thermodyna)(nhqt/8e(dfv0 yr gdmics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoirk-wpvwm; n+ imagn+m(6jn6 8 u to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservo(f wealjd5+r*yc8v*t 3rb3pair to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics x/ fq,dm/ p9jq pf/pq6according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much wh(z6le8 l.o v4 ll+xanork is done by an engine o 4vn8lh6olx +lze(la.perating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is dtf- vy6z(u7x tefined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine isfsjngv7, 85fc rtef*8 to be 100%, the heat sink mustfj5vge ,*nfsr7 ft 88c be

  A Carnot cycle consists ojt)w3 :7 if/;m:v; szw dpzbjmf

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second laob0w o.c0xzq.4er *hp w of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ra1d y -o 5uyj-2hvc(+7bxzc4i,c ptqtqtio ofih ,c7o4j1yxc uqq-dtpcb2z(5 -v t+ y

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined asmo16qk/yg hh:-8fa i r the ratio of

  When water freezes, tewvy 0d x; o03r2ug)arex8nq+p.ajh+ he entropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process f:rqfm.f 997cpam*. iagql s7that may occur within an isolated syqr9lmiqcma a7ff. .pg*s 7 :9fstem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statementno1 .+nsm vw as*9-ds1c2hs kh of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads31l(7sbd c*ui8 fukpt us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removeuo/b d gvf;+3yl+ /f3o0 l5 zrsbmcmo7d from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy5sv++ 7f0c3 ofl b3;dyz/ lg mo/umrob?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed qa(vcarb0rw dd7 (61k from an ideal gas. What is the wod(krd0bqw(c6 1vr 7aark done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermalj6w nw.ke8 yly170tn;s qdtn 8 process is -400 J. What is the cha.qtd syte y 8801n6 n7wj;wlknnge in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabati) +::e pgncmajd ,cpg-cally. What is the change in internal energy of the ng) e:,a+mpcp :dg-cj gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabc*w u;0di6dyvcl5 4* 8eesewratic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internlw wscy0de8*udi 4cer5 ve*6;al energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energpajz n)4w22h6h cyc 8iy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is ty4ahw n 8ic)zc2p26jhhe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the inte . 56fj)i ; w5tt wi1kgkhj98zyyfa4xhrnal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hea5hzi 96kxityk .whjt4awf g ) 8j5y;1ft exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is 6)5-r;xp boq *z:zmsyur/de7w o- gvi maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How mucuei5p-q osw;mr-dr :yo7 6bzg*/zv) xh work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 o -rg/pet dm1jq d 2iftwps3x0s 1b(6:K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in thq23/ds (6-oj: tspem0t1 dgi f1wbpr xe sample?

  A system consists of1 h0u; gzq.)fisf eh3u2t qa,e 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3005x/ 3,ahqm mdn2 +jcjt0 J in each cycle. What is the effid,cmmh3t5+j/na x 2j qciency?

  A heat engine has an effe39 rqmi vh+m3iciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfo3qv em mi9r3h+rm in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% a/gqu+n0(+x6ewogs6xos q1 hi nd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much he1h wx qs/gigou( sx+e6q0+no6at does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kc+mlfs aw,p4v m a/8u9val of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycl48mla,wm v ufsv/ap 9+e.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhau; zpi+ 4kne tmrmr2s.*sts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.;*sei 2m kpnrzmr 4t+.

  One of the most effici( qry(d; t1povent engines built so far has the following characteristics: od;vq(yt rp1 (combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thexi-butkpjdv7 -nsli 4r:w ,)npho+6 : following characteristics: combustion chamber t:)k6b4+-lndi-wjx:, i uh opn rp7vst emperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so , j:jlnib6;hl far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber;,hinbjj: 6ll temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr4ki epxhsl8.1c*e.a uic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powerw+hs6 4n c-se we6mws8. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant genrngnuzpp7 rq 4)t1e6: erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficienc7 hgor4g*s:n zy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatingu wc6c;.vhqd+ between v.u+whdc 6;qc $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is thehu o;.zm:yq5 x temperature of the cold5q: ohm.z ;uxy reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating ,k6fansq r)8 g6wo0 ecbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat frokn)xpk;wuv duq6 x486m the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How munu46w) ;ux xdvqpk 68kch work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at th2.vm,ej:qvcme2+fpkx . datch c/+4d e rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefm2 qhcxk 2cve, vet c4fddj++pm:/. a.ficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operfs*bfz w+mii0x jy rt,c6i0 sqb:6(t2ation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inpri 0is0ytcxt2z6 * m,ff 6w:ibb+s( qjut is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice meltqil,+.1 sbv(4y3 fly qg,kdv h44kkxv at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy kr1wm ya9x1k;3e0t xx a* )erh/.wmeeis

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its edvsbr3b*su8t n. f5; l6os1 wsntrop . 8 oslfdtbv*3usss; wbrn516y changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at (* bsj5 w;o tlyeq y5sw6e)p8g$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.