The process shown on3m/07av (bn blqeu.bj1 fu9ry the T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change in6/qj :wdx vxb /dx1*ul

  When the first law of thermol apwt10xi9(s 4 yaw5rdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original 8n) ,mbafek6 hqdu 9kd)bc)d3 volume with no change in its temperature.u3 8,b96k ) hdd)akqe)c nbmdf This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thisu;v:9/kn-gcgg g 4j yz process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressy ;g9ggjkuc4z g-/n v:ed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalqomr:) 7,s;ejt9s xpo volume during an isothermal p qej;,o9xspsorm7 : )trocess. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 g+4 dz24o39wce(z rdvgf gp1c J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements ode+zw 43gg1(v4pr czdc2f9g is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During thekkt .yy:o. w*w event, the gas exchanged nowy*kko.wy. t: heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermo6 dj:.208 nm5 kuc9ksyvcfq ahdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-m/ jxel ,el3x3half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gaxje e 3l/,mxl3s

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai2 / prkrdio6n:39tjsznsnr6o r 32 iz/spkjt9:d $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in dq;xafb w; 6u.wm/j0 ball respects except that one containsax wu/60.;;jqdb b mwf $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagzvh+r/ :,zhaz)o . pjsram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no changl7ryc4o: qka)b(w jg2 e in

  When the first law of thermodynamics22elxunvtb u( pe0 s. 8kls(j8, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at jd6a 4:jv(vg:-2nan by zg 6rgconstant pressure as heat is added to it. This process :g6dg6y4a nnabgv(vjrz- j 2:is

  Ten joules of heat energy e-ny sl6jjk0 yui77 g:are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant prel0 -yk u76se7jijny: gssure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV d ,pfb)rc6d;8 (wt mndeiagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change inm np ;6hv:qhqp4w)f7x

  When the first law of thermodynamics,uw :c m63,cwtp4l u rl7zzb9(p $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contaeeb /d8e -b.zsiner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to /be.edezs8b -it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are tran-lssgbz izi; i( x5f,j9o2zj2m( bdb7sferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volb zj2-sdf ,9(m2 bi5s;xg zi7izo(jlbume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of /bga kj9v f:7rthermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a ho8zb3f :o.ksmjt reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoim:/(dnbfaw;3fs bhz /r to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius/m6xc4v4b / wn ,tcgblqt o9.i.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much ; jhv.k8q cwh;t 8a1/ruy1quptjj o 0(work is done by an engine operatinotuh/8ak;r(80qpv uj w.1c;1yj qtjhg on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as ty-j/ o) *rjvxal k*9uche ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot enginr1x7p(:)yc cipmfe d 5e is to be 100%, the heat sink mustcr (f dxe 1mp:pi7y5c) be

  A Carnot cycle consists oec 10uv9s5 arzh y5eohuk60p9pk3zp .f

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyn: oea-o6(d wlsamics.

  The coefficient of performance (0 )cmgsd 28ww jpba;1wCOP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o0 ; pwmwbs18a)2cgdjw f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) ofi5f-v vnjekl+xp,2g i7 pq6d+ a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the /q0uz ,fmp3fkwater

  According to the secor+efkk )gak,:g/o/ fcnd law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within kgfa/ crfokke /:,+g)an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermoem+jz kl.wvyip (2q6n/cqmh 5le 0.t yx*0co(dynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us tsy8wjqd rj 6.)o conclude that

  During an isothermal p7f5 nfht0d)s)d9anvarocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the changf9sndft5 a ))ah d0v7ne in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rem+u4l: 2)k2cfp-fg ua.wl )vixl0m oiboved from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the p xp -biki4m.lv af2)u:f0lucwo+2 ) lgrocess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pro52 :w8zpt eg cwcqi6,g a7a+dhcess is -400 J. What is the change in internazccg28eh+wg,q 7pt65i: dwaa l energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chang*lkx*q9v :4/:i w rovukb j5yse in interviu rvq::k*4*ob yjws 59lx/knal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. (/fsjoe +/ufb7hy iict)l t+;What is the change in internal en )o;u hf+t be/(ylisctfi/7j +ergy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. :z+vcra.*7lspgbd: x 8lbiyoj0e4x 0 What isalbxs+:pj z0egi0o8*: c7 vl .xr4yb d the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the interqff oz49*n0z3 w mupqr2vt2m) nal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is m 2 fn4)f2o qzwqmv30tzr9*u pthe heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at cohire( :y,w5ff nstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removinge (hfir5,:yfw 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is c p6(bv/-nlc x32 cv8a5y bqhywooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles c5 ahlpcxyn(3 y6 bbwq2v-v/8 of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wat d *j2s5q p 38tvvgfyr897opyker at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J 5 hldr8ygnp-z3kar6-of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficienyrp56 a3hrzg -dl8 kn-cy?

  A heat engine has an efficiencyhy-o6,vp r*kms /1geb of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform rbyhk-pve 1g6 /om*,s in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an d-s h.a mp4s+pefficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in ea+d phpm.4a-s sch cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhkgwi cac w44q/6 hc6/ssn 04i; tjyu8lausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cychsi c866gq0c ak4s/ y jiw 4ulc;n/tw4le.

  A heat engine absorbs 6q6zi cr/x2t q.esk) ub50 i.4;pev zlj4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eaz0uv jqlpxq6 e)i/r 2b;tc..4 ke 5szich cycle.

  One of the most efficient4hihl1t7;pvklv;y: w7 sfwz, engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustify1lw4 ivwvh p,z7:kt7lh;;s on chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristic1jexo. xhh8 q-0)hroac 2pjg(s: combustion chamber temperature j chg)x08oh qraj2( 1-ox.peh= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficientqrge mo( vlut9j +6:*x engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber txu (j 6o:*+mqrgevl 9temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW o,gs/*++dayujgy7 i o pf electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electon 2s1f wovry5 67ym2rric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generateh.6jn dwba /ch::)/7f , mfrbz w) ink-4nbzzds 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whiez7d0ssxb ,xwlu-zf gy3:a: b )fh- )vch operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an end1pplh 7*ug.2lcpu,l gine operating between p lg*2l upu1hdl.,c 7p$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature obll83tf+l;rnxh2w3x8 s rf8kf the cold reservoir if the temperature of the holtw88xr8 +s h3r ;nxk3bf2lflt reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating. :np6ogcqhdor9 ;c,3a t5 wzq between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comqx7fs(hjqd /m b8.rm-partment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ int8.x7/sq qbr (mdhm-f jo a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate y2ctbm6(nqf, of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.y (t b2qfnm6c, What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigyrka,o0r ;ya 8erator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required , y0r o8ky;arain each cycle?

  What is the change in ee b1rgvtt0j7 3 2ysry2ntropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, th7bgmnqh+b i:* e change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansioq7 qmr z.tt g2:o3t1yzn and its entropy c7q ryzg q3m.1 tttoz:2hanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ey g0v,05s-ozen sc0x $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.