The process shown on the T-V graph isu0a:k ur+jo9u an

  In an isothermal process, there tb(r3pkr;r *t g-) nrpis no change in

  When the first law ofdmdbm bt.3f17ft yui+m/7s ;y thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its or q vjmhja36/68n yrn +agy)lls +5cxy/iginal volume with no change in its temperature. Thi6c++m/ n6v3qxa/lysyyg8h jrj) ln5 a s process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pr1jndw. i/hx-g2y vy;ad l b.;g; nz5jyocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the extnn . y5.dgxv;w ;yya hzg;l -bj2/j1diernal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume wip3ux q/3x1y46wqrb during an isothermal process. The byxr 433w 1/w6qpqx uifinal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded i:0 tdkto ga0*5kp8ac usothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the foll0ud5p:ta0c k ak*t8o gowing statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environ w9 ekrrpv)tj-z8h/2f cxv1,i ment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat wit w,/8 1vejtpzvr2 f9ic) r-hkxh its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics, p-)y//2iy :9rj.t ysd ju juoautn; p:$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is c:r v,ls hic42k xs(r*bompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic processk s4i*x,src rlh(2 v:b. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containsd jds24u9 3cmimdi34ud j s29c $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contfe-6/qq 1 m 9kr vu(rj,zsd.viains.(s q,v 1r 9udk izj/rv-qem6f $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on tz,3 ee-vml f1jhe PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there isy7r ol;b8 b7wg no change in

  When the first law of thermodynah 0az)jhc qy0,66 renbmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is ad2n vmg32j7pkgded to it. This process 3p ngk7g 2vjm2is

  Ten joules of heat energy are trah7bkk/ 4vpm ,(w0-gg(kv:q ;eixf w ytnsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of theq( i ;g/hkvvmx 7(0fgkt yww:e ,pbk4- gas

  The process shown on td3dbw7z6 .f55kdd j u+tc vwm*he PV diagram is

  In an isochoric procestf ).xi 9thf9xo5n6bf s, there is no change in

  When the first law of t7:fw v1 6bb(ecqkcm87 dcg s5+ssf3w thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as ,n 8cbydp r;abn9uldx+5/gi8 heat energy is added to it. This proces 5r+xby l9,up8 ;d ib/ndc8gans is

  Ten joules of heat energdz9iod: n qk+-y are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. ni do9:q+-zdk As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynazx t:skh h:7:npwfy42gq 9(gk mics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?rg.gx)oic zsw 1w;03d psc 28k

  Is it possible to transfer heat fromjr0yrp:w.v2 m a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodypy3 nax2quctc1-o 8 bl0n+t s7namics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrb*aiz*mig1 0p5t tib, ated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on tbg0izm t1ta5ip*i,b* his cycle?

  The efficiency of a hesc1t h (6w+z -u;iptwtat engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical effich i,e. h3b)i*itn0cl,0kttm jiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bhth cjnim3ite)i,0. 0, t*bl ke

  A Carnot cycle consists 2qlp+/cr(0jv 3cb3uhm(ovebof

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermd gpvn;csk3;9o ,j7)x fkbg0zodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratp1m jf 7d2bxbll.3bwpi ; n*5iio o bnjpb1.5d b;* 7xi 2imlpfl3wf

  The coefficient of pqkj;f651h+7df 7pg keid o* doerformance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the waten e9ob q-2dh6dr

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur wiwyl8cp5lv6 .ojzgm:+7az 5 st3bawm .tv 5lj:thin 6l7z:m. 5g.w wjzcbyl3stt :v ovja l5+58apman isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of tho1y5hlue;: ;esjqkw9g u( u:l+cdv 3 ke second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to cm aij8f(f:t-o onclude that

  During an isothermal process, /xjj ollvn6f* ;//jy r5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal /fvjo* jx/ryl; nl6j/ energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J ofhz35i u*1ep0 mpucw+2(fio : o8,mp g myo+uwf heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proco mf 5ip mg 0iw3*ywumfueop(o 2u8:++1hz,pcess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an it rwa;/p oz1omf:w/;isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in interni/rf;w/1m opz; w:o atal energy?

  200 J of work is done in comprym ms7.znus n7xfq 2p ;yt-h1;essing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in inte71u mtfn;sh2 y sm.7nqyz; xp-rnal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatfcy8s0dvq q0*ic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the vqqfs0d0cy* 8 change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasessbl(h 2nd/ xnk,1 j9ww by 50 J. Whathd/9j1b n lwn, s(kwx2 is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syuy5 ,jxxnv;u g2szknc.;m5 j,stem decreases by 50 J. What i 5 ;;z,xujnxcvjs.25gymnuk,s the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at cona;g9 wphn )x vmk(8e3istant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by thenv 8i)3wxm;a9hgp k( e gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of jw hhw.e16-b 7ikno)r energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in ho1biwr h)7kw.- j 6nethe sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 ziv:jsx5 9im1 2 s uj,-icbhx3kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whah /jmxio3w5-9u,u bb c5 du0zjt is the efuj/owx ubi3b5 5cudzj,0 m9-hficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. 4 d)pz w3(+f hke;sjbw+0vxobHow much work does it pe+h) kzdbpb(0 se3;jw+owv 4x frform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat p0optn j -woekra )bj; ;zat d+x/2fr;8er cycle. How much heat fr-;);a;tk 0tno wjzxrb + ja8e/p2oddoes it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculaketny5j.sr *-agj-h d;l7g y*te th- nhs-y r.ky;al gt7 d**jj5ege efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal.8py;ajfr 3 dsn8vh:oo1l+f7 l Calculate 8v 8af ps o l;l7y:rjd+nofh13the work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fol2tk +24lbj,5l jc pwcnlowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperat,4bnckl ctw5+ j2p2 jlure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following hgnr egbtj4*e,h 3t)q*kkc03eb , aa4 characteristics: combustion chambeg,jb* a*k, r3h bnh43ke) 0tac4tgeqer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient eng09*-dytj s.disb)ozd ines built so far has the following characteristics: combustioni9jd.s *yt) d sz-ob0d chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele *lsog4lm2q xqx+8l*.4qjg nw ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600)1n9 w7acv j0e9ozhcb MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. k 5, 8oha)5fg;vy,uw 7dltz mhThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatekc(2 0r/u1otpic d0vk)j yep. s between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatingct0ivb ltj fq: -9oeuh tzj/l l*d80c2k3ol; + between b3jq2 hdc/jf u t kco0+*0z-;tlt :8lolvi9el $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the te/ (yv lzdl9eb8c.5r rgmperature of the cold resey5v d/l.el zr9r8(gb crvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between 8iyc+o)q+u0 o-qvlte $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at tg)+iz5at:-ub hgsck75e 3f ,xy:axl qhe rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requiu,gez7g)k-xxhast:+5a 5 qi:fclb3yred in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat9 4 50sdxb*v ucn4) x9rrcwp,r/les qc from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffic4le c0wsc9)*,unxqr 5 cxr/dr b4pvs9ient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refr(v smsoz 2e8 f*fsi:k;uyf266x b7kmfigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input i m:( fmfvx;es2kf 67s 8zok2u*sifyb 6s required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of9zqk, j ahf f4/rh3z2c ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the ch(dhnkfx;uvfx n 92 )7v +f mc30osb0vwange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expa e:, egns9s1wqwzujl- b-yk5+nsion and its entropyze,w g ksj-+9unw 1l-:ys beq5 changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at s1+w(l lwi shrs).vi:ta :k *g$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.