The process shown on the T-V graph is an m:y;;v h 2k4kbjfc3t c2idy)js8fe1e

  In an isothermal procembz3jm c -:xg3ss, there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodyi4sb.1t1uv*scax m( sv-x0 wynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice i,( s(h,va tjy; m()7vccdnyxv9 v/mcc ts original volume with no change in its temperature. This procv y vc ,mnh d(ymscvtx(a)7(9;,jc c/vess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this: qk1mt7z xb1ji- 5h8os ;xakx(7 eqjo process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. 1 xo8a15;tx:ek- sqx(ik jqmzhj7 o7b What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vwm 3a as*l k5a27pnyz,olume during an isothermal process. The finaks a,5mn7yap3z w l2a*l pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During,do04 cpr wzdd :012+bjj8b m)dhs kgl this process, 6 J )b0 sj2cb g, 1wdlkjodp0:ddh8m4+zr of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compm;)cu0*-ku s;5r bc*d l h 8mbuotgq8rressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrou q;dc5;8rm80ltbu- rbu* oksg *uh)mcndings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamic+fq*g4l6i)4mtpuw b 09d jirbs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is comv7e1q dkl0bjtembz (z41pw- (pressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process7v e1etwb (klp0j4 1m-dzb (qz. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that o: ttb9u+gs tsh2zg dql /)ac-0tx6h 7xne containsua: 0g 7)s9lg-dhhxzttqts x/2b6 ct+ $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all resp8ixjm) (qw4if up(io +ects except that one contains+x4iq p8m)f (owjui(i $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dia w .v(gt7a y0olrc/gi7gram is an

  In an isobaric process, tjiz al(5i :;go8kclouap9 3 l9here is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, (ymifw5. acu c)vpbt4/b+aob3ep0; c$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it.qnfkcu c90/t4 c4. qqc This proq0u4cqn. 4qck fcc /t9cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant e* 2s/b;3d 9yhtu3smj/r snvepressure. As a result, the stbr2h3yv*ej ;em/ us d 9/sn3internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the *u2*:d 0a r)/ 3fymoxedlfwfe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change in16)r1 iir myvr 1fr-lj

  When the first law of thermodynamics, 2aw1unol) e2h$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that canno3t5mqhq i0b8 kf3 /lqnt expand as heat energy is added to it. This probtfq k 3 i/qqln0m58h3cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferreikb izz*a ++hw/t eq60d to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As az/0 hzib+qwt i* ae6+k result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thev7+hm r c8j mi5f)8sxhrmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir ku .ift(jo9+fto a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservcr87l0qu 2.te7nqzk /hq 6fln oir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics acc4syycjv.t0dp -o5/cv ording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dur5zmhyw 8 0un1xing one cycle, how much work is done by an eng8xm1wh 0z5 uynine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thhgpb3.j( jn 8gkngnqg /8/e6ie ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnoh8 r5lofrd*im(*il6,frh s r0t engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must s*( l5r0h ffo6hr 8m, idirr*lbe

  A Carnot cycle consistj1eg,t a5t +qgs of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statementqfk2 3sjxd+* g of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerag:kzjrsd 5.2fye5 uz(isz *g:tor is defined as the ratio ofz:kg5r5:f ue.( dg js 2z*yisz

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is definede b3av2h7ty6vv bw. t8o/srh + as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the endwclwf h764n1p .8uvv tropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamiciu 7uv23 jd/*jh2dqyseciz1c j13p.ms, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the chjq 21di uic/7zjvsc1mh 3y.2*j d peu3oices applies?

Give a general statement of the second lawp),so0 g4.+jfp yt- pmfa)xcr of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermogqt .cbmt/68pk0,0zn ly3mtxdynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is 3extat3gx ;t: removed from an ideal gas. What is the changext 3txe :3a;gt in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J oan9*hd fy1a07mdg;e-q0,vm t s qs7i ldmco08f heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the0dhvslqa7m19myi0;tqd g*8 cof7sn0 , m dea- process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in a : qcibsesel(7)8pu 0sn isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in( :7s pceiu)sl0qb8es internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chae)g;kfcm 6q 8a lx/o(gnge in internal energy of c6g)( 8qkfm;oglx ea/ the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J6lec cf j x4np-z1g5p6 of work. What is the change in int n-4z66p1l xfcc5jgp eernal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases i, ib mfh)x//eby 50 J. What is thmx, b)ei/f ih/e work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bywj61p fn/( nhe2vyzwmneh+zk :9y 4/ t 50 J. What9+j4hwy /(2/k:1zvnzwye ehn mnp ft6 is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomxirsd9 bb/n3+v fa t-+ mpil);ic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplishen di l-fv/sx+r3 b+;9 t)bapimd by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is co./qjy 2k;r 3y1,kpx :k9nm gka9 gncgu:rcib2oled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sa.qg2ycyxgrp: j bcn ; rk13mgn2:iu9/9k,k k ample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of y,vp*ocg t36qwater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 63-rq5) p110 w.bzqbel tu jbgqfdi8l 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effi)qlzfe q-bq b.g6tpjdu081b 31l5riwciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of p4 sx,8urq xg0qc.zb535.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does ,4 .xqqpgubc sx05r8 zit perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of nzm1*e s:kwa) vyoh *rja7sd 9+5zfk /35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it5*z1ezyn hak fv dm9j+w/*7s k:)roas exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal 1kz6hj:fkm )o of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatfkj6ho1 zk) :me the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ex3znjw5w. qt7z)pcsg ;hausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done e .5;wqwj7n t3c )pgzzsach cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicsa)dm ;.rwtaeb 2rl):;1 tbvl mfm0 y(g: combustion chamber temperatu;gw bb( 2ttr)vya 0.1e mafm)lmd;r: lre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the folmzlis7f3)z(v x yj23klowing characteristics: combustion chamber t (v732 y3mzzk xl)jsifemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient p c.p 9jlzp7vro42e 8p+q-raxengines built so far has the following characteristics: combustz4p-volxr8p qp pe+2r 9j.7acion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plan 9pa6wjzf.qh1 t uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantu 4 xae0fy)-oq n/j(ltestw2; uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant x e nl5n*ighq ;hi4i0-(sgp:3e 2czmeuses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an eb.chrg m 1:4 8 e*xgmrel/-jipngine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw)n)zv8l v4 qbyeen)v)bn4y8v lzq $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Caru/(q(8f 7sp 7pithxt+5lnxzj not engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temqt /x7ipps8zu5nfx t( l7hj(+perature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating b9 z2b5 jgw7uz2/sfvh+s;e evietween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate4 f-btz6arngase6)/y of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each6b a)g/ntr 6eafz4y -s cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat fromkw1w*ys hw s;v0 xd4u1 the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ intohd vwk* 1w;1s4wu xys0 a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation,lm1 lw.ehnsj aj;xugh71k*0q9wdp 48 a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inputwdw jn9u; . s*j08lkphhq4lx1g17mae is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice m d*mltfr0)c 4+ok2hscelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice fre1e nd,ud t2.,3coduo mezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothrw z53: igm k/s6bq. de.+nttcxh z:w;ermal expansion and its entropy chan/g tm6i.khqw:t ;r5 s.+zcx3: nez dwbges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 559bt1bg aep z9yw:+ dhqw2nc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.