The process shown on the T-V graz: 0c3a; wxz rw5ta)lmph is an

  In an isothermal process, there i8vp ib5b+77j. flfj* fx ypx ;n(sl2ugs no change in

  When the first law of thermodynabupl,r0 n jdsd m5jk+sm) m9/5mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatureg;ad3fnwm3 4 w. This proa gfmdw43; 3nwcess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durjz/wmj1mad5 +a j xo74mgn+tj* f;v ri+k:*weing this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gasxo ; j: 4a+mejrt+/jzdmv iakww5j1f* m+*gn7 . What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original 5i;qi.b8phs8a t+-uawn1 +n acjba5.d f8el cvolume during an isothermal procelcjaed1 .i w5s ta5n8;b+ +qbnui f.8pa-c8hass. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to i rzfh1.on(+:.h dmpk30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanishiz (hd on.fr 1:k+p.mm that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatewjvj69: gepch 4 1l3njd environment. During the event, the gas exc3 :elj9jhwn1j6cp v4g hanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermrm3zs-t2b3(6m pwm;i8 mo kgj odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originah bwoqvy4 +*x-l volume during an adiabatic process. The f w+4hqv-o*ybx inal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical a ryk j3j/w67rin all respects except that one contains/wkjyr 7 rj36a $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contains+ r6v:3k9v d bjfrp7xv x9bv+63f7d vrrp :v jk$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on th57gtf/splr*oqzon;a 3x, v (me PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no chanknto85/.rdmua hv/j,ppbr p 37s9(p dge in

  When the first law of wc-62 bf9yf j1pqqh5b3 n*ecqr2b9 l lthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as s,jq5 x9-ofw8*x hbd eheat is added to it. This process , 8ojbhwsexx5q-*f9 dis

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cczh- em 1niqp*t 9wk5jiv:o 5cz() /agonstant pressure. As a result, the in)9q kiic-mz(nc5 pj gvho*zwea/1t5:ternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagr4t4;p dhn;pbps p *km9am is

  In an isochoric process 3v;gdcxd9v5xet,lo gha1) )z , there is no change in

  When the first law of ther 0uav z3uc8d ocla*:l3modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expansxeujl b 377q)d as heat energy is addedlsex3qb7 j7)u to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferreho amh6qaitw a;k 98wh f1539h(e 2amed to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of theamaht6w 2kwo13 ie a;(8h9 eahfq h9m5 gas

State the first law of thermodyna1 y7xy1lcm,nr mics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir 5 5eoelx7o6 danww 3d.to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heap,nhj jydb41u6d -a1ut from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to ;p;s0x.+ xlgkscp :lg Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. D.3vg/k3a +1etfmddg w uring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operak1mg3/ vdg+etf w. a3dting on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engin(+/(k p wj-9mb6smw lejlt rv)e is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heatgrx jt3 1bx1febgz1*( sink mu31b bj1efx(t1*rx zggst be

  A Carnot cycle consists q4 td62bnfrzy+(ql*3ob9u brof

Give the Kelvin-Plancbm4ud d7fmz qcy,),p* 9mqm h:w8jtq2k statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of pe9.ccgg(9fhcc(evppme,p o15rformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of9 c1(ec ovcg h(ge59fcp,pm. p

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a hjs9thc8rg;1 beat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of rzs2n0ka nyt .us *w/0the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an:dc9 sj m17cplj2zrj1y process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appliesmrc:2j j l19cs7d zj1p?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermo3iw h k+rwnn6,ym, r8udynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics qo *l(65 x tiq,.tccyfleads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal g*5t e/ywpn2gopj6u z.6 f0etras. What is the change in internal ener5 p uf2t0.rg /6e*w6jzyet pongy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an iduc3uye 7b8 hv1eal gas. What is the work done in the process?e7 c8yv13u buh

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is bwglt6 c8lj /7-400 J. What is the change in intebwl6jt/8 c7lg rnal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compres-:ch+5kpfx-pmg 1 n(bl2l so 2hbm n/bsing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of bxb( oh :c 5-2/p-glbm+2slnn fhkp1m the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoesuub(1g 9krvary/u1i9 .x:e wk 6ewv -k an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?v9rru yw: b1 kx 9(g kw1eiev-6/uuka.

  In an isochoric process, they -5:sb-3hxxi(xdo la internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wox-i5- bd ayl soh(3:xxrk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy : bv+urgi:lr4* bdq1kof a system decreases by 50 J. What is the h4b iqd1lb*:ruvgrk + :eat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it ix4x vye/e ;*dn:,w vchs cooled by 50 K. vyvn,/d x 4hx; e*:cewThis feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831ye,cnna g4a0+ +nt x 4eduoa3fd:l.d / J of energy is removed from it. How many:+a0g4 leat+fcu.o, ena dyd 4/dn3xn moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 k9 igl hu f-* j41yfiy--ne.zzlg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 4fnn )s8,eihkh8h6 +( lga4pep n9uv d3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficience,a e69h 8lkvn(du gfnp+h84h)i4npsy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% andna9znj8k c.i+lp8o8 dc.a( 1r (nsoo i receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How m i(i+ j9p .ol81c rok .soa8nn(zdn8cauch work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15mv., )ar5n 1znh roo;u0 J of heat per cycle. How m;na.voror) mn5h, 1zu uch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eanf.9v7-nrjq dq :xl skz*sik8b2t r;*ch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate thdvkf7r*q bixknrt q lz9j *8n- s.s;2:e efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64/ xof7bjoo62ai 6-br l kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyc r-x/6oo 2o ij6labf7ble.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo; dq ed dvkk3cb0/:h5gllowing characteristics: combustionb5v3eckhq d ;g/:ddk 0 chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following wst04 g - .7tk1jpsdrusra7x: layk.. characteristics: combustion cha.1k rg a7-sswd0t s.. :rk4x7lt uyjapmber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the ta1(4zxh 1uh4nsk3 w jfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temwautn34 sk41xhh j1z (perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The planoitzzw;c3d5 :j6 u ,gvt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6342 r4owx2f np gmj1qyfw;wv :00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant ge3bx s)gobx/xw,7 ) sa t*bmdq,nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engineff)f0c:htgxu -s 2ls) 8f-a :as+adq l which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficin+dg0ij uz8 b,ency possible for an engine operating between 8+ni0bd zu ,jg$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a fl 20, 4cv(t5ud,h t3wfq6ql ymh 5.i 8pcfhvxCarnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatur8xltpfqf,hu4vcq5dhm wh 3iy c6t. ,2vf l(05e of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operat; -ck g;bhz l7cb+1vxeing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ ayd d0edacy(9s muism42 3 bren 1(m5c3zmk60und ejects 24 kJ into a room 23e5k1dim bc906nymaus3m(c4 mey (sr du0z dper cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rat3kw qm7 cvtx.,9. v(xu0i5.mqn dogfse of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficie.uxi9fo,x(q 37c.v ntswvqg5m m.k0d nt of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigenucf7,h*,v l u2biz9 frator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much w cfuv b*ihl2,f un,9z7ork input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mel 7 biuvk5.j:nw3 n)ghwt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the cha998 fk p1-ufjd o/s :qopjla8cnge in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expaje,)o+6+zvkvk 3k:tvildc5z nsion and its entropy changejz,vizk kevc kdlv6+3t +)o 5:s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at qxiij- mr14x /7(ca od$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.