The process shown on the T-V graph is.cj18vui7 cfharce 6, an

  In an isothermal process, therefm3biy0* u l-n is no change in

  When the first law of thermod/z:g )kmo zc9b t-f.gxynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatur3i)tzp)jg y x)e. This procest )ig3y) xzp)js is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thi lu-zsd7h5vs*s process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanismv5u-ds7*lz h s that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origina3jgwr kl erd0796i v z6 7w7ty;kec3fnl volume during an isothermal process. Thekf ee37cvrd96klzww 370jyg7 nit ;r6 final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally frpfg/hc smbuzv-* 1+m 9;s oonc15 c7k2buvm/pom 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of kvm5 c;ush +1m9n/ov ufoz /gc7bp-2sb1 pcm* the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environme9.xy3 1xl mmqsnt. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its 1l qxs. 9my3xmsurroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamicsg4r-u8,.dqr -ll+ fcv ndjfk7 , $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compre/dzdf+8zem xf )ok4y9ssed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the4e/d+ d98mxy zofkf)z gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one buz kk9o3g4xe:dh l(2kd- nj)contains :k 2kuzd3xl-9) hkg(n4ed bj o$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gai3s, 5 mv2 3als+cshsu4v/*q iofnqn0 s identical in all respects except that one contains lc32ss nq i5s*q 34sa,huivm /onf0+v$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on k oq up;tr6a9 29) nl8aki:awxthe PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, thejtzd) m-g q+:js6f-d kre is no change in

  When the first law of thermor :wgu2; l firov(o:m+dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as hqxj )+r( f)xeyeat is added to it. This pr(+fe ryqx )xj)ocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are trao g4on8 f;;kuxnsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resfk o8x gonu4;;ult, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on ttldjxi+4m9g2 he PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process8h32jxk5xr,je v zb,e , there is no change in

  When the first law ofym 8-/.n9jx 3rpc 9 0cmygqhjd thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid fu w gjy-ni350f2+k brcontainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pro3-yi knwjuf2+ 0b frg5cess is

  Ten joules of heat ekr6vo6fc: 39kpr,vbo nergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the3, r9ocv kor66pfkb:v gas

State the first law z( -mc0*llctv 2 /sxzoof thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reg(r 6pfnrx p28servoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heaty/i9 vr-e c jezac.;y; from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics ack v8j/of1;gue rj(x4kcording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During onkf4 o, ixz;1h +zsmx/be cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thisx4,+ ;hz/1obzxmk fi s cycle?

  The efficiency of a hlwimyo+7 ii,ghls. )+eat engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine isi 5/rng m*5 ncipw/ux: to be 100%, the heat sink must /nrxmiw 5cnp/5:i g*ube

  A Carnot cycle consisc/ my4, ,ok/5yv fhed2wwj 6yfts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second lyko k0;2yf0a jaw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the rattz)8)c,n5nl1 jw+ xnxd 0yap lio ofl d )01nz a+ln) ,xjnpxy8wc5t

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio ky ap /q:yzyef:1)atohy-(6 qof

  When water freezes, the entropy of kd0q w, y g1oxapud.2k+7ae a/the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process tv1n zq-2kdb2 gfd3hc /hat may occur within an isolated syste2b2fvgnh1 - cz3 /dkdqm, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the smtlt lb2 0*),cp*h zwh8 z6m fsr3t*obecond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads usyd)w7s uhofh)6 j( bv/ to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is re1drrt +7tw1ir9gfjr7a1k 0 mfe uyj3 4y:ghf .moved from an ideal gas. What is the ch10fw:f713jy7a t trmegfikrhr .yr dug4j+91ange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whapvwn nxtgc5x ( /vfdbf(8umk/*3 0b,zt is vpb, mnvd*k(/ xz xgw(n03c/u5fftb8the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an 9haljde.tc/eh(. uq +isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change inul..ceh jqha t+(d/ e9 internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the ce 6 ;d 26 s77eyqqyzm/pj1klkjhange in internal energy of the e6 pkjk;q7d6 z1 q7 lsymye/j2gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What f x8xu j,crrr+/sqd 3d0(cc 1zis tudqzr3fsx(rc+1r x ,cjd/80c he change in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 4vk0sl uwo87z 50 J. What is thel0u87o4wk vz s work done?

  In an isochoric process, tbh xxw 142*e,zb/o cuche internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the he,1u2 xwzh/c bx oe*bc4at exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vb; uq)-9trt3ld- cpzkolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by th 9u cp-qtk;-3drl)btze gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 0t4 ien36x ejx1hqo(wf -ix4r J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gaxjee44oixw f3 -q0t1 nx 6rh(is are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.f; oamdb;a+(n0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat6ga f6vtu e) ).dp8yh 46oyzqz and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficienz8)fhyquez)v6y a46 to pd g.6cy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.djx6- b-ram0p0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much60- dp-amrx bj work does it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.lpu130 impz 5w How much heat does it exhaust in each c5 mppu3 0zi1lwycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hejw8(h ,a3tuw eat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycw w,t3j he8au(le.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacvdie1oi)fsv8 u 9fh 65h cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eachf1h) 8viu f5vs9di6oe cycle.

  One of the most efficizm. issns5,bg34zbn7 ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combus4bz,3i7s s5z.ng bs mntion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cu/vcom aezh.bj1+2 u -eem l. ji)mr)4haracteristics: comb mi -)ajoe c)lmebz2ju4.v .1+heru/mustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the a*1(ru dqpy+yfollowing characteristics: coyqdr ya+u*p(1mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The il ahp*t lw hp3m2p;g6-e7hf2plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electricu0i9 l b/fxfb)wmjql1 /(f rld /ioe(: power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. T+odm) kxa :v:drwq o86he plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine wh ekx+b7,oou8h/4 er )hz :zyakich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum thevyo-6)p kumy-8bbv( ce6 gaq0 oretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betweenmpy(yuk8vq-c 6 e 0 o-gvb6)ab $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatk+ohf 9z. r8xqnu+1 x6sorq y6ure of the cold reservoir if the temperature ofsxfqk9oz h. q6u8o +ny61+xrr the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating begj fnqwwng *0atr6:n:39d,r ztween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the free/u 022xfnqd byxs xi)c+ vw-v3zing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycl-+u 3cybfns2 d x0vqixw2) xv/e. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rat,.4x )q4sc8f+.jyrs pvqoz 81ooh iwde of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the co8f+ whszov1jix p)qy ,sro oqc.d8. 44efficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operati.-(jm4a+r reuf6q p odon, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. Hq 6u+4r .pe(ma-orfdjow much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when m+14uas 0ab3l. rky9s,a xh dt50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy is*;: dj6br evddu(oc9je4 o*u ;7ydbnv

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and zrf.k1(i2zz uits entropyizf. ru(12kzz changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 5;:cc/vkvv*og)/8m)j dh w. c sxv wzm$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.