The process shown on the T-V grap+nz8 +4vz l5 px7adt zk-(bgkah is an

  In an isothermal process, gf ) 5r ;pxpao(rs(a x9-essl2/j,p xrthere is no change in

  When the first law of thermow slpn:ln k .zwdf;t)1p.m5vpt 3* 9nodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its origi cy klct.7la:4nal volume with no change in its temperature. Thislc cy.4l tka7: process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L.gr)*ub-2,p6m6j f lekx )ruhxq +1obc During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. Wq -fo6xex+m u6ph1kbj2cru,rgl )*b)hat is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compre jh:d/ocdlgl3v5ifgy+2zf h-h l:i 7-ssed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal proce5ocfvgi :: 3df-h2ljhlh/gyil7 - + zdss. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expande(a3oahku0;;adx b .p, veubf6 d isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is corre; oa3pk(ua .bheb,;dua 0 6xfvct?

  A gas is quickly compressed *3x-yfqh:dnn /x:d o ip5*xjl in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its -:dpino/5q : lxh3 n*xxfdj*y surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics, rlt:- db 19qbym-pub8$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-y 64c+abqtdnuyyt8p;g9z , dv8t32lp half its original volume during an adiabatic p n8y+, 32 lg zattc;qdt8ub4y6vdpp9yrocess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders owu rk9qp2. b5dvdqd-r r2,j8 xf gas identical in all respects except that one contains x- ,dj.p2v dd8 rw9k 5brrqq2u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas d mdbpx2oms1,)mzlr:eu 1 ((oidentical in all respects except that one containso, ldem 2z1om1bs():pm (xdur $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on 7),arb la+mw(7i+e dp/w y smjthe PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, thec q n;7o)oq4tcre is no change in

  When the first law o+ kufc3*q zm2ff thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expan x)+iyfz 4 grc+2wgkv. 6djyx*d at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pro. z)* y4+ygf wgvkxj+2 c6ixdrcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to apcpq.bjg .4hly+e .w . sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy+.l pwpec.jg..qh4yb of the gas

  The process shown onunu)h8zt p3tq.x +th 9kig4-dayl4d , the PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chaoc me oz **8mj+zt2qp4nge in

  When the first law oehhd x/6o b faj/ea-wz +oc18z,vvb0. f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contap,+yt3ara4n+3g n7q xyry 4;n b 3iiluiner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This procey +ya3+rrp34nbii;lgu,a4 nn3xyt q 7ss is

  Ten joules of heat e7y p:xwj:vidj ;6dci i ilj24 rce2wxbw75m48nergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a rj8 jiw7d4jcim :7wvewl 5ci:4ypxxd26r; 2ibesult, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermo4ry32pnqn ebmhy250h c. yq( hdynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hn8o+ lmgi6 rjluo +r0: 3nuhv,ot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reserrmoxxz8p1eqiuxe e; / l /6m,-p4g6bvvoir?

State the second law ofgu61z5kvs : rp thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. svz68qwp+ mq) During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cyclv zsmp)+86 wqqe?

  The efficiency of a heat engine iss7khji: mzyk3c h:06 j lj*8ps defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot etzbw/ 5fnr7 a(ngine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be/at 7zn5wf(br

  A Carnot cycle consistd,a 8vb) o*s1ejpknq7 s of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamqgg;8t n 8 3yvhukf1/-am qhd8ics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) pv5 xku16xcg-wk8mfdr bqqu( 6d1;x+ of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofr5x6w6-k1+ 8kf;duxb ux1qpq( m dc gv

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is 1m7;yrq0+k zph0x mzg defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropypk; cb7 n-u(vj of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a;45)mb da dnpjr7ta (acx2r4yny process that may occur within an isolated saxrdt7r j 4(cp 5 a;ya)4bmnd2ystem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of 2 bzm(b3/f 8 qgmxl9nfthermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynag e02gfzmq( 4p euk4f2mics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J ( d vtbsmlg8xh4d,ntn-9q,8yof heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is qbvt8 (d4tg98n,ys ,mlxnd - hthe change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is 6ej m)+o.l ks0egql-oremoved from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the process+me o-ol6k).gqe0 ljs ?

  The work done on an ideal gas syste dcw v26m.v7jrm in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internwj.rd76 vcm2v al energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chann8 ln)tazquhr5cm2 8-ge in internal energy of the gas?r8h lu- nz2t) ma5n8qc

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proo0 k;t58 zjgkznp7+ s yj: s1rth(foz)cess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internak+ 8o:s) rsfzz5yh0 kjtjp (zo1;g7nt l energy?

  In an isochoric proces/eox:+k:2mwahv qwg z1 i/hgx0+qx)r s, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is m+qix wxa1)vkg:qoh2/g h ex/zrw: + 0the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whejk(nn i 7zjsi3+v0d3at is the heat exchangn jzv+37e3(sidnjk i 0e?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mar, j;em g zhdf,3qd+cy1z7o.xintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 dd1 qc, h;+3m7efo.z,rx jyzgJ of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volumz prifwi(5) 8be when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mole 5)8zi brfpiw(s of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg ox) mgyto a:sf*v4hyz o5v/9u:t5hd g9f water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of7+fey3,b4 bfnp7gg ad heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficience43 gb,7d fn7ygb+a pfy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hea mh( 3r7*hs hee ,numj2p25qugt per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycle? herj7(*mpgqu2h,umh 32s5en

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rkfg+9d780krmtmf b *neceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?8+km f0* k rmt9bdgnf7

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal o v;i5o/ pxy/9e.wszyhf heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effici/ wvz5.9yos exhpy; /iency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kca ldud9x+n: 8kt*1fm acl of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each f:t 8numdk*lad9 c+x 1cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines bu/t z2ke76o:97mfrec erval9milt so far has the following characteristics: combue 7o tr7kzmel9r6 9fc:ve2 m/astion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicmzx3gr2ze / lz1b gj)-s: combustion chamber t b)m/23 z jx-z1gzlergemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cha ;f*-gd6.s5ompdy5xz n lzv4t racteristics: com xzty;n45gmol*vspd5z.d6- fbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow /j(:u9im qdsxo f-fk06n)yxz er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 yi zsn eb(qg k,a3v3,u-48uceMW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plailyy2y (btoiq.8 z5 2hnt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between2 a/djpanmx h:k8 vn7xypo4(4 $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an en:qjj.6 -w )ylcci4rfymaoc 65gine operating betw4 6c.-6q5: cj wf j)ylamyrcoieen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%.qk4(+y yp)p97y9t unq qfs+ qd What is the temperature of the cold resqpp+9 q (y )47qdu+ks qyf9ytnervoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatin;gkw(uq ;1n (/x( xexsamrn:c gwfi2 )g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from thr d :y ;4:uyfhjqs+sbw))n pn9e freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requiref) 9 nhundss)4;pwb q yr+:j:yd in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmtw)hfmjru 0+,pz)vxci7x gy 2 luu y4s9:/,kbent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ iv4wlg2iy x:hjsuu+ b,zt0 kp)ym7)/ fc9u ,rxnto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator ; 5c8zr85 pkxhnhnrz /absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to t z 8r;z nhcr55kx8h/nphe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in noc gq5i11f)dentropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freijyksd6e s9f a98 4e.3wx4 doz8 v7bujezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherjocy0 v: ag.k52c )obhmal expansion and its entropy change) o250gvb: cja o.hkcys by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at xk+pzpi c rqla.s/ :94$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.