The process shown on the T-V g*v ts- rtn/xs f6(2xss o77uhwraph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chazj7-l;j nl912vl 4sjvoh3errnge in

  When the first law of th5gd 9pf;v,-f lys of;f2g jsl;ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its orig(y-a;ar 9fhxr inal volume with no change in its temperature. Th(ay-axrfr h;9is process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermalj:l; 0z i4/rtn5r37nxkfo q1uuyqk4z ly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gkuz :7zrjntk 3nxi5;q 14y /o0qrulf4as?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume mgrgeuouy08al /,:k0t mfr;6 during an isothermal process.;kyrag :06 u0 mmlo,g/8e ruft The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this p5br-x cs*ln /lrocess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gassn5lrb-lx c */. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the fcd e00z)i+s ogas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thideo0s0iz) + fcs process is

  When the first law of therm h2::e xu)/iiox2vk ctodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during fcr7 e 4zlt7efme * *b2f2blqv r/v-7nan adiabatic prre m zlbe fbq nr2*4tv v-7lecf2f/*77ocess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contay5h2h nd,ti)yins ,5nhdy2 yh ti)$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all r6m1t h/ q3hgqrespects except that one containsrqmh /hqt61g 3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is ai- up3q5qno/k-o,od+). y ecxm8ysmmn

  In an isobaric proces; qk d yza;yy4l( myse)ozu0:8s, there is no change in

  When the first law of ther.+il kxjx:-f i7d)pfoh./i.*ht pw slmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addw9m9m ,pvkfqyi* /ut3: kpp d6ed to it. This prod/vq kpp mw36 t:9y9 pui*mk,fcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant sqlf, 0 tyjtk0/g+cmt: 2jw0q pressure. As a result, the internalc0qq kljt2wyj:+tsf0m0,tg/ energy of the gas

  The process shown on the1 )qk/t,vtk3lso 2ifln 3anv8 PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chanin.d 50 jga 8 /girx.j xbre:qtpfo/+*ge in

  When the first law of thermodyna r 5tl4b+)ea1atf4j yomics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containc06hw4tf wk:sw2edt7er that cannot expand as heat energy is added to i672dcfktw: hse0 ww4t t. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gp;is6j 5ica ;kas at constant volume. As a result,i6 pka;5;j csi the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of t/cy wd7x a3aljmf*0)hhermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transygm2k,f iz.d -fer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservo+msftvhvkc9.1 x d 5*qhug i. :jcf61qir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics a0*-birluhl l1ccording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated hg 8jok1r8kmm/ ere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycle?r8kmmjg1o /8 k

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined ab98z (dcyt(yx s the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of 6+mjxd(g0qu e a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be+0qg j(xd6eum

  A Carnot cycle consistsh 38,oahli jxpmrq e04gf.*7w of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thergo1vy z (5vqsc*bf:6 ymodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrijo0p2 0q:-dj( ggek,p 4 xuaujgerator is defined as the ratio ofpq2- ue 0x k(uaj,4dg0gjp o:j

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a he8g5pt fy8 9icwat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy oq1;8+xmunz;l lda v(of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, fp0rjy:k /w5j tz i2/mfor any process that may occur wi2: tfkpjmrj5i//w 0y zthin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement ofa :u4)ud :vbxrusjiuc m9el;,9 *zemt +o+9sp the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynam:3:g/r* n tqboqkkqk 6w6m 2czics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an i o.:n shuet,vtcj3;5adeal gas. What is the change in inte jv o5a:;hcu.,3nse ttrnal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. hebrb y 1:09ycaf+z-c What is:zr1f0-cb bch +y9aey the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal prosd mtn:sxw(yvat144)zcvf 4 *0(ow wpcess is -400 J. What is the change wf *(xmn:wds 1v 4z 04v4(c)oypattswin internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compres ql;)mx0nkt0wsing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in itxk0n)q 0w;l mnternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whiled( c63dil kk(tqa9m g iu*(53v ysdt+o doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energ( si taudovk5d6ml3 3kqi td* g(9c(+yy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J.lvy m1f3 v0sc5ej1kz- Whak0vslmf j- c 1315yevzt is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systgnyq5s :zi 8 )yae:jkaabi,k9d; nv+1 em decreases by 50 J. What is the heat: aa ad8;1bjkysynin g5i q,k+v:ez9) exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume a0+v3eslput ms0.hx1 xs it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accousxpt h010e.m xvs 3+lmplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J ofa)oh /sw; dft+ energy is removedwhd;+a/sfo )t from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.+ dke (x.yxh;k0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 3m4j2sx od88c-h n 8eisdctn1J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency8i hmd-8ds3n42ct 8sxe nocj1?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150stl(gm q9 i9s3buzh w2,6kv h2 J of heat per cycle. How much work doesqtu6vb 9ikmg 9hz lsh2w32s, ( it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recm:durqo82 dy:aa, 4p:d:dhrk eives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doe2a dp::qad u8h:rodmykr,d 4:s it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyc0va,)s aav6rtkcd,uvz 7m(9ple and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effkr v,6tacd sa(97,zu)av0vm piciency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcu; g k0qlio.(lqc ykq63late the work done eac.ql3kc06i(oq ;g kqylh cycle.

  One of the most efficien7gcl,5 ozdg :xt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustiolxz:g 7c 5,godn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has 3 j35qlv4o v7 ns77n/qu bpc6uhm -yyhthe following characteristicsh squ3m cuno 74h vv /7np53j6qlyy7-b: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has t*ee ay8l,yy ;5xnc fh0he following characteristics: combustiony;f0 *yye al5enhx8c, chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant gen fncf d2+b51xsbqr2ji;dm im 0ds 1s-5erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pe yp++,z52za s8l1w: qvabay wlant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of5asxxh6.*k t9a m4pg u electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficieakrfa wv-scr ) p-84o6ncy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretica ),qs1v5 jepnhfwke)s *; w0etkq*z):d/s jagl efficiency possible for an engine operating between ak;,es:q*)0 )e*z g1nt/ jdqj)vk feshwws 5p$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of thn7 flmxi*//,d zr/aj+ 8hnkjre cold reservoir if the tei/*k8drxa7jr mn,+jf /nzh/ lmperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be zkgf.r p1ke:kx 8k)n-tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from yi z89wx-wa4d the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Ho98ya d4zx- wiww much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from t4rnlj54ovg 39myxo4 n he freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per vn4rnyo4 9g4o35xl jmcycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerat1c/h4 l6jvuo for absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much worcu46f/ h v1oljk input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whennsx9zii,6uz.d z )hc7;b rfq4 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy x we:n j;wc:h7ngkol80(5v vyis

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherma 0dmjmb76/ sktl expansion and its entropy changes b6 mdj7t b0m/ksy
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ny(bv7aswr.( l9 n+cm$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.