1. Red-green colour blindness is caused by an X-linked recessive allela a)g*uz wdk (2rgj7w8x+7sm me. In the pedigree chart below which individuals must be carriers of the red-green col72mgu7 g+z*w)j8dr( s xaw kamour blindness allele?

  2. If the parents in the pedigre50hv v6soko2xlm/a 3su9t in) e chart above had a fourth child who was female, what would be the probability that she vihlo5 xa mvn0) to2kss3/u69was colour blind?

  3. In Labrador dogs, black coat is dominn:nuxs7)v bu)6 rt-yrant over chocolate coat. The genotype of a black male labrador is unknown.rr svtu-:)7)bu6yxn n How can the genotype of this black Labrador be determined?

  4. Which of the folla o0v6xnjvnj-f8pl;h )v0b l2owing best defines the term, “gene”?

  5. Phenylketonuria (PKUj5rjv . o4vs,x;*hgbw.c1owuu pq*2l) is an inherited human disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele in a gene which codo.u42 prjwbj;h*sv lwq xcvg. ou,5*1 es for an enzyme needed to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. The PKU allele produces a non-functional enzyme.
Which of the following statements are correct?
I. Two parents heterozygous for the condition could have a child with PKU.
II. If the mother of the child is homozygous and not affected by PKU, her children will not be affected.
III. The polypeptide sequence of the enzyme of an affected person is identical to a person without the condition.
IV. Two parents who are not affected with PKU cannot have a child with the disorder.

I. Identify which of the alleles, yellow or green, is doww/zln v/xf+m wd6f8+ minant.

ii. Deduce the genotype of th i-x mhz(z m3b8vxc0o6e offspring.

Iii. Construct a Punnet grid to/wg4+ w3cw./ oblmxm1wr t7vo show the cross between two offspring plants of the F1 generation.w +r4wmox wo// 1.m tlw37vbgc

Iv. Deduce the phenotypic ratio lmiqm928.c3.qlga gf x ,f b)a5xjtg8for the offspring of the F1 cross.

7. Amand has a daughter with Padmavathi. A5p:bmggqbv/)4- m kfc mand is blood group A, Padmavathi is blood group B, and their daughter is blood group O. They arq4 )/m cfkvgmb-: gpb5e having a second child, a son.
Deduce the probability that their unborn son will be blood group O. Explain your working.

8. Explain how inheritance and environmental factors can interauar *q8uq 7*ev3jc, ; o*irmwnct in a phenotype to cause the appearance of human skin c m oai,*v37w*querjcur* ;8n qolour.

a. Deduce genotypes for the three coat colour phenotypes in these cattle. ,z0aom p +il0h
Use the symbols $C^W$ for the white coat allele, and $C^R$for red coat allele.

b. Deduce the parental geno d 9 gqw/p7ex f8c/gb)fl*-rcdtypes of the cow in the image.
Use P for the allele for polled and p for the allele for horns.

c. The roan colour, polled cow in the image4(v6dv(c vti/0jhb ux3xdj9 u :i.ycm is mated with a white coat, horned b9 04yjidxbv(3h/c ud(m:6tx .cujvi v ull.
Construct a Punnett square showing all possible phenotypes of the offspring.

10. The pedigree chartsn 6r7y7fpxt0u1 mo6t shows ABO blood group alleles and their genotype for nail-patella syndromer yn ms6710oft px7t6u, an inherited condition. The individuals 1, 3, and 4 in row III are recombinants. Image by D.B. Pylypiv.

Use the pedigree chart to explain the meaning of gene linkage.