The process shown on tl(rgj0*zcjfv+4j rn dzq6/w 0he T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal pron w,vjhp.7bd , h4)cwrcess, there is no change in

  When the first law osy, l yf,g3q4 z0qu*ipf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tempera rk)st69zfy s;u8 f,zdture. This ptry;9 6z,z ss8f)fku drocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thko 1ptt8xe/fj w8o y7)is process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal o8fw /1o7x8)kpt eyjt energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an inx :(.sjfd)c, 2mww ji9 :vxie;9zxa msothermal proc2z:wj9inixv mmc wxa f.e ,:)j9(;sxd ess. The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to,qwk.1 e.k pir 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thp. .kqiew,rk1at expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event.vprs;w+h z8b ig k86u, the gas exchanged no heat with gh z8.w rp+ bvu8i6ks;its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of th f)uoy0 wejlkz,k.4n 7ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas yje5hhtfv4h:x 6c 7*gis compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Thhh:t j57*v egf6 yhxc4e final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one curzs . qnbwl t6 6(okx9o3k c+t/qro89ontains 8 6nkb3urokxqo +9zs96tql (c/twr.o $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gassik+ r7x1mf1g e t+tu*3y(zs(,otphm identical in all respects except that one containst, exm fsyuim7z *k o(g+p1r1(ht3+ts $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on thoda phgrt9d 3l-us.a) q hl,2)e PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process,1vfr40uao8jw4hvs k(aj r 9j; there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamiidji*zk:,v fx9h *wa* xwfs9/ cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand ajxrm,(2 6 t0ag msm-dqt constant pressure as heat is added to it. This procedx0t m2mjrqm6-( s,a gss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferre.c62 k;punnyo d to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy 2uny;koc n.6 pof the gas

  The process shown on tjoxek k ()ak14ay6)ose1wb*mhe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, yoeb6f bux5y* ad55t *tdej81there is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynam.w;ik h +1awl8a ebxf1ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot e p/jmff7x;n 9wd8h hnvrpqwm53km(.; xpand as heat energy is added fvx8hf9mk(pqwnw57 j mhp;d.n/; r3mto it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gaam r;j jrm53w;vs+ fs/s at constant volume. As a; rmr5mfsavwj/s3 j+; result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of8-h b h5 eepywk.q*qm2ig2a9c thermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a coldh1 5fax m;dd0b reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat f v)7xu- / gns:4fkd o*h2fcee uo;mza6rom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according tu c9ri8( k )1z;0mxfcvh zt/rio Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much ljsk*b(*gy+n ;t lx ( 8i5ma9+zkuofbwork isak8m+l oi(fg *s*xu (;zn 5lbt+byjk9 done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rati;tuj*,e2j, jvm1er./mrh anao of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot eda9 2+1e eh;ilr -poqmngine is to be 100%, the heat sink musr1aq -e peo +9;li2mdht be

  A Carnot cycle consin*r epwbi50 )yi 9jc9 nz4;ksfsts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statementop8 +lq+ lo*pt of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerhioaizi gh 32,8w )-bf5 (jaizator is defined as the ratio ofgihz 8hwza5i3j-i(bf ,i2o) a

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heato w2slz4(ud8b pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the ent (cy4zw q,(ae zmswn21ropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process h /depo9pn9ld8.wp/j pt6 i+uug06lc that may occur within an isolated system, which one of t+ 0jneipg/ppdwtl ol89p uu9/ 66.dchhe choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermod vdq 5a6j.9xfvynamics.

  The second law of then)d5 h rn+d xi 3dk+4sph;3jmzrmodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0p6u 1j9 gmm()rw q8sgv 5am.jw J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enumqpg96 (v.1 wm8j5wmrjgsa) ergy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fd7gskhqi. 2k )a) .,vddq6pcrrom an ideal gas. What isahq d i,rc7qksp6 .) 2vd.)kdg the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is oc3l *uax7vs9vho:v1e r* 6sw2* gqww -400 J. What is thu gw6e*s haq:97r* wv wx1s*c vol3o2ve change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chd pdu)o os75c-ange in intecp7d o-sd 5uo)rnal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatimhsy 8z4g23m hc process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chag4 m28 hyszhm3nge in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal enerazo)v4 qip i abt85/4ugy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?bpi 8tzua/qi4o 54 a)v

  In an isochoric process, the intern5p/ k7qes.+yx5r x tybal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat /x 7yx. pe5sy r+tb5qkexchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is68ft gaoh4q mc80man , cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. 0g,acqmo n84ahf 86mt How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy ip qwm33f d r;xnek6/h.s removed from it. How many moles of gas arepqfr6n; he dk x.w3/m3 in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of o o-fyu3- +7yubkqm(wkj49pnwater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 pep7i1is2 0z2ac6 w.3n t3v 8fyrjq ygJ in each cycle. What is the e.1 i3zt6nq a cyy 28pjwi0vf7e rsp32gfficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150kbgf5e(rl g8 ,)4rdj6oyn,wd J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eacb ,k edry, 4n6l 8w5)fjord(ggh cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J os/w 03lekt))t l gjc+hf heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cy lwetkcs g 0))3+lh/tjcle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42j,sa66okl9 fb o/v :uwdm(g .m kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyc .,oumw9 ov6bg da(kf slj6m:/le.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcul3h8sx0 btqkom d n6.+zatebn6s8dh zt+3 .x q0mok the work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha(holg*6c ,zv ki74 b766hecovm83uuq wjf gc+s the following characteristics: combustion ch8c +jgl7kewo4u,h3(u*vv hmc6oi 6 b7gq6 czfamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effici8a8jimqrt- +u i) 7vcb xlbg:;zazc:2ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature cjimar;g u2bzlat+xqzc-: : ) i7v8b8 = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following l jm5b18voa9zxpk 3-a(r 3 kdbcharacteristics: combustion c3 v8 k5b-k19(raoajl 3pzdxbmhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ei 0jb0 tx+mt1ab-yu)zo6y+ yy csej40lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant gen 5nn(pre9qh u4erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of s0fh (l hiw4xennx ;bb0v 26vpg0 7a4selectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enh 9f9 50wj,pjd yu/odpgine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating,olqxt(:z 9tp,1s wpx betwee9wot zs 1lx(,p:xtq,p n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnoty:ipd.h4/7aa1bzpb+ oyiub/h n3u l8 engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir ib. pb ib43 /hzld:u/1u87aoynp+ahyis $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between wffa*sd3 +,x s$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 k osp)2w jdhq w99k3l09xsvd)wJ and sq) dp9hjw9ws l09wd2 k xv3o)ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rp/+aml d4pag;* (mi nj:,xn8c kx:z szate of 20 kJ and eject;nsd/gmpzp4*n:zama8 ( :k jicx x,l+ s 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator ar2d6 v;0 hyqes*s+ 1; okwemacbsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and csq;ok ;w1 0dha6e2e*svr my+expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of icv0*mbexg;qw+z 41bh 6btd3 rk e melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, thfpb9xutmx a3a :: 6(qwe change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP und1x ops ;(+f51wmbrk z( pb6nshergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropyp m opfwbr( ;6 nbsxkh(+1z15s changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at (puus1g 2 5sjh$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.