The process shown on the Tq 8cncdf f:x75+(sbk3j w e2qw-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no chanxm: ,k;)b0 djt:* pir uqntmpp;j5v6lge in

  When the first law of thermody-ft:z9 r 4y*ta7foq 9ug l/zlbnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volumx4p;uoiues 9 f*xdv 4*n5dvxv tg79 y/e with no change in its temperature. T tfex4;o/y vpvxuddi 4ug 5v9 n9*7*sxhis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L tohjz g: et + xjlm(gx+8h:q(i7q 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that comprj ql+ (hzx q 8:ie:hx(gjmg+t7essed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermdu.;r+e bk3zsps: 0c kal process. The final p;dz s:b03kcp s+ u.ekrressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expandedih+iw)pwu 4e m2+mwh 8n3f3ao isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanihawh3 8u4n+)mw2o f m3w+epi ism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. yd;6eee8 /xlkDuring the event, the gas 6y8;e/kdexl eexchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law ofjn;0c+eph uf 1 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origiyw4v-i/bktui, kv1p *nal volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of uwbyk*kv i/ 1t,iv -p4the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in a 09:x9 cdrd: +:uarrtc. :dy4 amttphvc *ec/all respects except that one contains :9e mdhcp ca0ru:* r9dc ta a:t:ct 4xd+/yrv.$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respeca(g+zbmg9va yod,z ) 4ts except that one contains ggo4ydzbaa)+9 ,zm( v $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is anh,fj64ln,fcn

  In an isobaric process, there is no chanvs oe8 fi: 8wdb2/ppw1ge in

  When the first law of thermodynamidi-nn3lq+8wjw 47c; 0q t* xbmskx tl8cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure asna*n* x8w eazm,,fp*v heat is added to it. This process isnfma * x pe,zvaw8,n**

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to zj5.(i.nt jv jzxjj7*a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy ov jx*tz i jjn.7.5(zjjf the gas

  The process shown onx8ddfb.p jn:- the PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there pb.g gk-p-* vfis no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, 6bw/ hfhlr3 2,r2 vbsr$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand w7e5x3m* ryuuom)nl5 as heat energy is added to it. This proce rmux7molnu)5e5w* y 3ss is

  Ten joules of heat eneu+ c9zuk/g*q28qpokweu qf77,yg2jurgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volumeu e 72fqwy /zp 7u+ cu9,28kqog*gjkqu. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of ther 3g8mhdy592er fwq1oa modynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heau3 . oiu rnf9.+wpxv-fu-qq;pt from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat f0cu+, /exm pdsrom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law o rn)98l vqfq4 4cvq+jvf thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how 6g:lt 4e-gno80zhni 2ftbew , much work is dzwlo-6gh:t nn2ie8 f geb ,04tone by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is s3r x;gz rp0s 5tjj6h9+zpfs8defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of3z8zek9s8ih m,o5a 3lo b ucv; a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must beaomlozkc,s8e ;8ziv3 3b5 u9h

  A Carnot cycle consists of.u0 -vdetqbs 3

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamiggqqw:b am9 *oj 0t6h8cs.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ra q tx.7 ylkebn:t,1k0esy9b2stio osy ,e.tkn1sl7 kqb2y0x9 :bet f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defin/hxq)dcvue ,gpee4*wxw 26; ned as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the watervp)sazkyh-/3u iy: 5cjp9 rac40w p6w

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that mar9k,bfy 4mza x92/xe7ve 5q say occur within an isolated system, which one ofeqa /4mrbxfsv2z, 79yex59ak the choices applies?

Give a general statement of 0 *a(kjgz959 0xtg fwyuiry(a the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to con9x 5eh/hycrt+clude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is 9dcd6t n qtadhupxpoa( )+;69removed from an ideal gas. What is the cpdtt(acqxh 9dp6od+n); a u69hange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. v*darsp 7az55 What is the work done in the pro5d aazr*v p7s5cess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isotherm 9vug(+, ah*u4x psuoual process is -400 J. What is the change in internal u oa9,x( u+upgsuvh 4*energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adaubebup; 0d7 e1-zw:(g rw a0yiabatically. What is the change in internal energyu-; u:rd gwa7ye00zpe1 b(abw of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergosab )kk95;e,g0sh qei es an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chane;ski5e9)bah s,0g k qge in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of ahh mi 5/ytk4k7 system decreases by 50 J. What is the wor/yt7 hkhm5 4ikk done?

  In an isochoric process, t76+ywf you56 gfk)vu she internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exu5os +667ygw vf)fuykchange?

  A certain amount of a monatosp58h* ewnbgv6zs 7w uqnf87)mic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is coolqgs)6wub8vp8nhs 57e* fn z7 wed by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy isd2xhu 2*8claxn8 e( 9fug uty( removed from it. How many moles of gas are in fa(guu yt u2h ce xl92x*(88dnthe sample?

  A system consists of v )uc6o3o(x mp7phpf 7v66fek1k9 ahj3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heka3b/ ld5jz.rat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficir lz.ka/db 35jency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% aat7w91rr* j0qe3 z0 jkcoe/ymnd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does q/ajot10jze0w93ym cre 7 kr* it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an effiptx /tkubi8 me d/1w q 7e2z+r(b.f5hxciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Howx2/tkb wie7(8 bzf.5 h qtxu/rem +p1d much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 mmqswv23z rr 4yy;i c5jsym,tz 8y 5,(kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficivmsmr,w3,tyy4y2r;mzy5 s85 jicz (qency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal6q.nk 0 eu6y2*rvugk k of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eachrn ug*v2 uykk.6 keq60 cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so fem 6ad0 (s(ikztj7 ,phmh zu/7ar has the following characteristics: combustion cha7 s ui0h7jzkpzhm(/e(d at6m,mber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficixf0y 4gnp:tf,ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chaf4p 0,n gftxy:mber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient enwn7mdrj6 6gw jk*1c+9tstgm;gines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamb6r j*w g ; mt6ws+ngmd9ktj17cer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric cj(kjo qmgm.ial +o.m(j:7, uep27f wpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 6ng* ;t0ooq /at00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant glff)(-o6cn-t llj p+kenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betwqdt;q+g* a0 oj7 3 k2bchv-zveeen $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency p, (c a.-cypmdab(bcl-ossible for an engine operating between - .,bp cdccy(am(a-lb$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Car 1un:f 5dxy4e.j1 n/pv 3cbcmpnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoi/41 nu:jd.yc3n 5 vmeb1cp xfpr is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between v/ie9 p nhqm*3;*k pez$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freeziz+9hbzy. p9 51r 6dwu3darkyzng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyy59 abk zuy rddz9z31p.w+h6 rcle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezzrw/b) cv03q*gkv 8 qhing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficiqr)k b0gw hvz/c*v83q ent of performance?

  During each cycle of oper b 14d9 jpt0k+ssnz2pvation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer andbpjzt1 4spn9v +s 0kd2 expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g o p(slpzxmxn: 9)u*j;ef ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chagoz j)s.f*qrxx +1m6a nge in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermay95do r9npq; a 7ajqk824e umil expansion and its entropy changeod2au pq 5qkm4ay ie8r79 9n;js by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 7 q/kv,u8b dxi td ia.)0z6tys$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.