The process shown on the T-murls23x5 e la6:*u/ eq3enqt V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no z0n85q)eyxa k change in

  When the first law of t bej1wq-7i*qihermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with k4/ou b0 y0md)afuc ajkw/00q no change in its temperature.uk0u m0aa/f4bd/0 ykqcw )o 0j This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermalvl .b5-1- nv 1m,bc ramc4nfjxly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by themn-nmr 5.v14bjc x1b av c-l,f external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed ;:1ozdyjh3atzq mmam62 : v3xto one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of:dvj6o13z : 3 maq;mzx htma2y the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isoh+n58bhv1yjy: ssb oc3mgh0c3 h x++gthermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gasxcs:+yosh0c +31nmj gh bhv +g835yhb. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During te2njp ,u5yz rr1n0 6i zimvr sc6am 6v(7t9mg4he event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrji5n96 c0spm6ugmi mv z7 ar(,rv 6yt4nze1r2oundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodyna5y*zphcvxidxr a1503mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas qka91 si/glce 7i:t)sis compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure ofs kgsl:1/9e qiicat)7 the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in alljg94ve7cx6zzg yb-h6 o4e 6k d respects except that one contains ove6xy jcz6d6hzkge4 - b7g94$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except txuyvao xc1tg5gh/e7 2b:n3 k2hat one containsh1u/gg7o3 e5yacv 2nxtb k 2:x $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagrw)fwpgp3/ 8pfi2 c+ad am is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change iiap2mtly)ai vsttu6z:5 ( q ,2p3.ph.p b.y ndn

  When the first law of thermodynamics, r8v ec57,oupom0rtngo;j1)c $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant presg dl:xehxnjwmt* z7ua+;4m b7ygs 67+sure as heat is added to it. This process i:d *tmy+6wg hsgjmab;xun7 77z4e+x ls

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sam1w- uop-(+pahkqb wm/f v)o *nn )+uuqple of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the inter+ q/u1*b qn+-m-p) hwp fu)uvoo(w knanal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagr2.)cs rwdu*v vam is

  In an isochoric process, there is no cha ijri zs9xg*(,nge in

  When the first law of thermodynami5 : xx c )cva )/wxs4bxkut1so*ghh)7tcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid k+jgt f+v)vn5 q2n5ezcontainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process k n+nfqzv5g v )2tj5+eis

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfe dici9vbc0e2)rred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the ind2b ecc0vi )i9ternal energy of the gas

State the first law of therm9b-io8y3 cvux odynamics.

  Is it possible to transfe9yw4s:zh+h:7xjry ke- l w ls.r heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat-7eg 9vvglw5l from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamii ljbew)kqi7bje((64 cs according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During68)jkuvyc /xzk3luj ; one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatilzkc;vj3 /yku6x u8 )jng on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defo;o a6uq;qza7+ , ikzrined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 10;wg 8v;cnwt1 6gw aw+u0%, the heat sink must t;v6;c wgwwa+w1nug8be

  A Carnot cycle consists o.)f8 dmwco6mff

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second l-iyycd l+)/hq:ml rz 0j7boxrv , +m*uaw of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is lhsw 7gjjw o:2tx*96ldefined as the ratio oo69jhw l2wjgl* 7t s:xf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined 8j3p0tqx)bk kd a5w/r as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the water7 0sp apg xf)v5(iyz-o

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, .:c jt qb)0 bt.. 9vxbuun;xbpfor any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of uq cx unpt.b9j..vb x;b0)b:tthe choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodyn 6 8 ;uywok)ze(: x4r jc9opzityp3p(oamics.

  The second law of thermodydzhu:dz+r -ty* 3 :joyd4a*kc namics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fromj7;:od usb; yzmx)hf l39zwv ) an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energo9u w)m7; zyzldxh ; :3)jsbfvy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rew23 ob9tw x ;ofds/0pomoved from an ideal gas. What is the work done in th /xobf3o;d0s9tw2p woe process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal prqd/kw8x 7 cwpi 4zew1*ocess is -400 J. What is the chw87 exqdcwp1kzw/*i4ange in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change i )xh, +rp4sr4cjtw0r-mvvu ,y n internal energy o-, wxmp+rr tj s,) vy4u0hv4crf the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adia 8by+unb e+etz8e -l8cbatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal cl8 8+e8eeunt bb-z+ yenergy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases b9i 7fdfh, pd0dy 50 J. What is ipd7ff ,h0dd 9the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. /o nwd7:ryjj * What is the heat exchyn/7* owr: jdjange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constdftzos0( e 13iant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. Thtei0 o(df s31zis feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooleddb( qd k,, dnirgfc4uemb.p2oo20+c8 by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from i2de bfodq b(84gu . k,2cmi+o,0dpnrct. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of v 5s 0u-phabw0water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losesr 1hoeqm)m6j7 3000 J in each cycle. What is the eff)h oqrm7 j1me6iciency?

  A heat engine has an efficfdf53ocb (q jekj y;9a/;ot5ciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eachc; jcfaod et qo;3fb5ky/j( 59 cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receiw/kyw9go+9.xfl;gv .lg iqbt ; f)z0n7pl + uyves 150 J of heat per cycle. How muc;zg9. lu +wfqoy l.kft;y+iw 0n/ gbx)lg7vp9h heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ofak18ew1 g*t -vic*wlq :daev 4 heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the eilv*4 e aa*-k1q d:v8te1ww gcfficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacwv;ka (/; p9aql r+vqu/klh9a h cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work / lkak9+a;praluq vwhv(9/q;done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo ii/ qzc4;p9tqax:*tyllowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =qttqyzp *9a:i;/x4 ic $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fgx3z,plqs o1/,thc 7nollowing characteristics: combustion chambo/ pgl nscq,13zt7h,xer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterijop; goygry6e s 94g6s5p+*qu stics: combust9ysyogr5oe 6qp ; s*pgj4+ 6ugion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pla-zq jebcmp;32 nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Theux57x zw s 1q9gijuk01 plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric 6p -jp-j4ieib 3 x/ktopower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficien pkc85t)i hxw5cy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical effice+(p-vo,yoq ciency possible for an engine operating betw y,eovo+(q-cpeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cuyjn+ 5srbj 17old reservoir if the tem +bu57s 1yrjnjperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating b9(6ttei 2; pscbn/smo21hp qletween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at th gp*gvlhbzhs9:b w)4 x zv4-l,e rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muc9)xh*gv:z 4,p shzlbl4g bwv-h work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment /.3;mx tpkqta at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ i.q m tkt;xpa3/nto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heazm4l*v5 mjk+ mt from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in ev4zl* +mmmj5k ach cycle?

  What is the change in entro:sp3+umey u2)f u5d hopy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freez o 5zbcw5vus;/-ue*gx es, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermaw szx19:v4olxc ch/*kl expansion and its entropy chancwzlv o1:x/skx49h*c ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ls,,h7)y rrlq5o-s.-tgy ugw y5lkx7$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.