The process shown on the T-V graph is a:t.d *ye./m s xj.rpuen

  In an isothermal process, there is7enl n og5o(5x no change in

  When the first law of thermrvz1/xzd9kr 0bdo n /4odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice i6 kks vh *0/nfzpi*/qbtqy2o9ts original volume with no change in its temperature.qt/ ynpbf*2s vk/0 kizq6 o*h9 This process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this procescmq gy n r*:u*+6l0wgds, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the externalgw**+n:m 6gcd l0y rqu mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to o ./b7etavf bpdo7 j3o4ne-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The f ofv3e /jo7pd.7tab4b inal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L t/adcpr:r +k8f o 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded th 8farp+ k:d/cre gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressebri(vh 9 +klpw+x+n ;sd in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundingsib+n +;lxkhw( r+sv9p. This process is

  When the first law of thfrw3 uf uw//9/kfs t.wf; iyc-ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-h u8n03miqkm, dalf its original volume during an adiabatic process.08nu, i mq3dkm The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exceptjs ;,i1iav z6l-pg q/z that one contains ;al6z/ p 1g,qi -sjzvi$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders 2o z7arp1lva9 s1a4jb kig; d)t49kxjof gas identical in all respects except that one contains4sovxkzak g jlia pd)a7;jr 9b 4912t1 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on nrc j ytuo2o*blb8gw ,d7, t59the PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no cha sa0gnor3 :t/cnge in

  When the first law of the, gg/ u(kxft)w 3cvki 5t j:g/umgxr-/rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand:t*hxvp: nd x3mdg.orv 4p:v8 at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pror*np38 v h dmgxotxv::4.dvp:cess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idiha / rv -j18r-tvmur:eal gas at constant pressmt ar8- huv:1/irrj- vure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on tvc k/sza4y9hn+w9tygb*x5 . u5 ,nnpghe PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no cnuv)26chv i1jeb)i +h:4rhvchange in

  When the first law of thermodynamics, mmq4eyqt*c9 s ,a-o6m$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid3,ye qfg2w jijo9hm +qr n.ukf 73oy(+ container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. q 9 jhi.rqo+jm+y gk ,ofnu(372few3 yThis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy oh: :w*g8noyv3b7fp x are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energ3h:w y8p o g:*7fvnxboy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynfrf) gn 5bnbk- dc;(s2z.rji * b4cjq6amics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat sj uxg ;;vj;ixlu.;8efrom a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoi * sd9gerdu9c x*kk -o6oi3u5qr?

State the second law oeb0nf9 mlo0al77 ft vft/ )6yof thermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustratedom g+z bz2+fec3g ;abb2:c vvasl3+5 b here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thi ao5v fcl+3b2:s gc +bevba ;bzgz23m+s cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratim ;6bf;io 3eex *03dnqwlpn5eo of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot eufnp bb,q(0j;ngine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bebu ,qfj(n p0;b

  A Carnot cycle consisty**iz+qrz62j, iolg gs of

Give the Kelvin-Plany s4-aale ni+6ck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performanc bo:vjv7-h i 9vw*t3lfe (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ovt7w 3bv-*9:liovhjf f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the/:uv*;pg fh,n+sg wdf ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wat/b0nh f pz ws:ggio5 rd3t(7ouob3-x5er

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proces0h*y0fi ;u 5h.nl(ou fwn- rias that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices fr*la iou0-n5ny.i hfuw( 0; happlies?

Give a general statement ofws fze(c9b+1dn;vw4ja:4 nntsws2 f0 the second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynassyu 4)n j32xq yc phi0ixh)*st-xq:/mics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remm cb/kap r94x tf3i.,goved from an ideal gas. What is the ctxmr/agb4ik. cf9p3,hange in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealk- 5 k j3k-f0qybkake 7x 85/ymwwf8mc+6mv ce gas. What is the wojxebk-wc8 +vk38 ey/ mkkmkyw7- q a5f65fm0crk done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 Ja 3qn8jc zg;9 :wlif,pk(bzr/. What is;/ i8w3:nzcgfbzplk (ja r,q9 the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is donyon01s2te sf 7e in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gns y1fets 720oas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabat lbxy 2hwxa ;q*5.+qu(4kasld ic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energk*yahq5(+ lb u xqxa4dws 2;.ly?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrk bjj0) rf+/4s /ohv 4fcadcm2eases by 50 J. What is the work donvoh0/a2+jc4 /dkcr f b 4mfs)je?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 5 f/asxgs;zfrl h+g vir,0(i q(o2g-,s 0 J. What is the heat exchan +f,l zrq 0irf,(iga2s/; gss vg-xh(oge?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volumeikah2pwr: 8.h/e/z w )aiaz7a as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplishedawir az 7a)h2h/8 w ak/i.pez: by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled byc )ckjzi5h kj27z0h:x) /voie 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mz5ehxz jo ic /c7hv2:)0ki)j koles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water nqb wyv qfj h:j/+96g1at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat+v s r3s(e;x6a uldcr0 and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is t; 60scuvde r3+sla(xrhe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and r;p rccf-o3 zwao*y1 /beceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each fyocap/; b3o * cw1z-rcycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and)z 5 l trx1*g.gatz*)5cc sxmciq8v4x receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust vxg* xg8)ca1 lqmt ticz.s5x5z c)*r4in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 ; .mo6pas qm e+b-uz+mkcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficmqbz6.om+sa- ;+m pu eiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts8zo+l nzk+sh3byrjw bju7hb+:z/ 8 q1 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle+o zh8+ns jhz+/b81q ulz yb: j3wk7rb.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followircx-xyumx6sxe/ jhoc8 3-21w* r 1mpnng characteristics: combustoh38p -*sjmm / exxy2u1 n x-crrw1cx6ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the *vdlw1)wwqdh1evc- d 2)ga+pfollowing characteristics: combustion c+hwe)w pdc *daw vqdgl12-v1)hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the folfvpioqyw)h.+ 7*py 6k lowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature +f)hq.k ywy*7p o6ivp= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric p1 m6tm(mqk(8das,fbgower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generat j .qdcyxnxu z4wz+snrk 7+5; 03)udhjes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW e s7rp mv-qj6faq0,y1:49uuvl u ji9c9irn: sof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine-ku7p* cbnes/ef e5h3 which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency po)uosyeewwt1s(./ yp/ssible for an engine operating betweeue/ wpyw yets)/.so1(n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is w* cm aiy*t(/h9 wle8sthe temperature of the cold reservoir if the ms lhewwi*9a y*tc8/(temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingfyr qe:*9: hflqpc)4i between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat f(4;x- r vbmvchrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required i(- ;mr chvb4xvn each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes in3 gzw ;fdbiti5;,x sx0l2d)heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coe,5i3i;2wsb;xl0ng i d)t xzdffficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from therd30 n/(ki1e wggm w;p freezer and expels 356 J of heat to t(3;mg 10 kp ew/nriwgdhe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entrol6zp( j a5fkl2py when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice fremneqv.o;b,qc6ar4t 1 ezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes vvwpd j5a)y q ocb 2nx,75gh6,an isothermal expansion and its entropox 5hp6cbj5, q2y vn)7gaw, vdy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 1sy bkfqrkq5s:u71m)p6txi7 $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.