The process shown on the T-V grau1o 6* n4 ajgy93fbh w6nz(vynph is an

  In an isothermal process, typadlw3 q-umw/m+t k .-,n*zchere is no change in

  When the first law of th1 g-9rq+jidw. r6h-9 jd *zwxfkfhv:aermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice (i4ktp 1epxpjly9 k.7 its original volume with no change in its temperature. T4pyx.9(ti k7pjel1 k phis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fro p 3 0b3xps6;qsgfbvlh /i32bfmp 6sl/0w7owmm 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is/66wvbgxp 3 7bp320 siso;bfq 3 lhw0splm/mf the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume du /d- i zxkeh8.zjisx,eq*n/t5ring an isothermal process. Thez*sxeiie /,5xzj tn .d-qh8k / final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thbya 2nese3;b 2is process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded th2 2ans3beby;ee gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environme;.i4q wcxac4mnt. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with qw 4xaic;mc4.its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamje:(v y- e4jlhics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to onz-c:b c1aq 6yu jes0s1e-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Thsjz qa-y0b1 sc1euc6 :e final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders ofz.g3 hvug6il/fs1ucy( j+ nv 7we,+ wv gas identical in all respects except that one contains wws3nfu+ 6gvge.li c (z,j yh+vv7/u1 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except- ht 8trgn1wqy70 zf+y that one contains +0r7 t 8gzw1-yfqhy tn$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is jcbn- x1: hy p0,v9jyqan

  In an isobaric process, theregxmagn7nfmi rnm 2 (:8(( e8fi is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamichqx)s m+ m.jtl63jxlnb uq+*fw*srs98dhp, + s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressul2du a*7p9(u ci bq8vsre as heat is added to it. This process i2u lsq8i(vp79cdabu *s

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampt v1z;mdy) :gyyo3k,d le of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the in :oy3ykz );1gmd dv,tyternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on thezr09(rr juqr2tj,t a7 PV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no chang)sp.faxmx;i p2a-, wp;hsb4 se in

  When the first law of thermodyqk7n t/rby7g b d9)5bal3x 5ajnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energg a y.ppkl9(j0y is added to it. Th0p lk .g(jyap9is process is

  Ten joules of heat ener-u.vomjf: 3+os2 r3+kzcck(d( svpl zgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internujz p k(+3rs+ -ookz(cmdv3s. lc:vf2al energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynyu(( od8tl2pr amics.

  Is it possible to transfero(m1z 2rfi8xg h.z u i08to7ir heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfil h:mhkub .34er heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according t27qagrdok0)b63zd szt 6 h;eq,kz d(po Clausius.

  A gas is taken througw:9mv ,hl3m+qc;afm g h the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is + 3c;h,g mf9wv:ml maqdone by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat:xe 0tc:naq q)1p /dpju1;bc c engine is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, dgv/ge+d3k4ihy:q/lv 1 a a n;the heat sink muh4agkvvi 1l/a 3 e/; +ndy:qdgst be

  A Carnot cycle consists or tgc1ur*fb fd sd t863q 3eb,3-4lchtf

Give the Kelvin-Planck stf3;s0:jq. azx9. c5 ki cyqzvlatement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a r8 fwr.nczm 5c+efrigerator is defined as the ratio of.fc+ rm8wnzc5

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a h 1,0or:p4rbedco (ikkeat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of t * q/ambeq0-yvkn/(qtdhrs0 :he water

  According to the second law of thermodynami*k xrb,7,jb9. shkvmz9 cg.l ycs, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, whics* .bcrl9k 9.gkjvm,zyx, bh7h one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the s:qxr6tlwi wm1i1u o2e p7ry wea)xmh., 1a1c)econd law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclnc o-k i5a98is+syed ;z0)qkmude that

  During an isothermal process, 79ry vofxzinj3bxz 97 1ns99y5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in interi7szrf9 vnjzob99yyx 971n 3xnal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gl sos)p ,1m61qqj6ebjas. What is the work done in the p61bm so j ,qe6jlpq1)srocess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -40 78 buzff4/(ttz0odfu 0 J. What is the change in internal enedz4 fu(tfbf870/zo utrgy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabat ncfcxd,7z8upp9gq,1 ga0,rtically. What is the change in internal eneg7t,d,1 npqu0 g9,cfca rp8xzrgy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What isgiy: l1zcw:c ( the change in in1(c cilyz:w g:ternal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sysg+84d2 9 wazokgoiwj zi0g5j3tem decreases by 50 J. What is w j jg4d0w5 328+zao giki9zogthe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal enej,9o4tfl2qxg zqbq u 6a(6o s)rgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchanx o olt6qsa(q92gq4f6bjz ,)uge?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it cpnw3p5f9 w q8kq 9y2nis cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by thew3c5982qnkfq y n9p wp gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 71xbd.)tnq(wkm6e ctK at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. eb.t(nw dxm17c)k6tq How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wat54s zhhhvc8j .o1iq9m er at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. W rnjxnkr2s6awdt w:f 4frjc539c .nu)n1/ (r uhat is t3j nfw6rd)/f:utrw a nk4.1u 9x2nrc s(jrc5nhe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of3(j p j:opf04 i-u bz87mfvheg heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eacho7ge-:fb0ijh8um(4p z jvp3f cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per;-gu yra) 7uhc cycle. How mu ;r )uacuyh-g7ch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an7 01qtbyvm-3xt6b4mak j 4e nsd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency ym7 svatq6kt 40b1bxe mj3n-4of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorb w vod h(6s:pkdz 71bpaft0k42s 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done s(vk1bw 04 d:6to7zphp k afd2each cycle.

  One of the most efficien ofui s9u7 )nk3unb2cnw, 6ww8t engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion ck23iuw8w7uwo9nuf6 )b,n cs nhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chay:9/gnhy rr0zm*0 qkaracteristics: combust y*hgkyzr/0 m9:0rna qion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo: qx8zog;,l fuzp9.f illowing characteristics: combustion i8z;9x:quffpo gl.,z chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec ia/z: crhs /(nu12ytotric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric 9bz. +tjur o5wtzq0 6apower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usec6(nu7jf ypy2s $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which oper3 cov8 -ln+)u y3gtlpr,maz,bates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an e 7(my mxfrr 18e9)7j3br.xy 2ykplqxxngine operating between7 rxk 1.y(fj8 7xy yl)r23xmbexqp 9rm $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperat-gwnjd fkljo39u 1 ;j,hk. nnhsj2x.4 ure of the cold reservoir if theo kjsjnu3n4 gx, l2w-j ;.jfhhdk9n .1 temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operat2+the7cvd3mfk 4r g u6ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmetnhd4 ,( a( 9q+xtjv z3sgqs) tn9f:vlnt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJdslsq3zg4xn9t aq), vh(jvttf+9( n: into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rriqywbofbl/1 g s .1s 6)dxr3;ate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room yl/xi1 og1r )6w.s3s;bfrq b dper cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from th0j k)r:rk9lqfs0v u7 i. ws0dze freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room.lquvj: kri0 7 fzs)9sr0 .w0kd How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entrw gtw,/73fv olopy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in enr) (dfovo ymyy63r(x ;tropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entro 8by49f1rnip +zsv4d 1n/j+rvy cno9opy cha co99 8vd+sfo/1ny 4bzp+ni n4ryrj1vnges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at ybgv0yyk37mx r75/h; j)feyl $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.