The process shown on thefye*r 4-tss64u tb 1fkm0esl4j 9 p4ma T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no cl65ykpq58*5bq he/papqqva 64 vi n *yhange in

  When the first law of thermodynamc +lc5iy 3fjq4ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in *n)w::plfigajn,i v+ its temperature. This process,*iw: njlanv+pgf) : i is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 Led/sfz1w52r a.b9w cj. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change 5fb csd1zjwer9a .w/2of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermallzroy 9.j1i1qs1kbja5r z;n0 process. 0 l zoq1i;s rj n1.5bzrja1k9yThe final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During +fmflzx/lxd/v(.ro w vxa7/;this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the fol f/(xxa dmv;/rw/vl .x+ofz 7llowing statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an q.b(gsz c1 x(9udfrki p4rz9 5isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundingc(1id4b5u.rzr9kg xsf q(pz9s. This process is

  When the first law of thj 1psv( v8,dzwermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compresrjij/u o v0 k v,vm8i0gjrm nzl0o;,98sed to one-half its original volume during an adiabaticr j ro/8o9; vzi0,8 jjv0 0,lmvkgimun process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containsplmg e+(te,j)zcf6 b5 j62shx ,s6f)x(mejjhp bez+ cltg6 25$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical it90tr o7fho/;ab-kgdt: f 6bzn all respects except that one contains ot:do9grft;h7f bk- /zbt6 a 0$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV dxk um/4jdlg r00,k ox2/wal3 aw8 8tlaiagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change inoo 8nkyz-s:. +ltybxm (iji/:

  When the first law of ih)mn su13k8siu2+- i7hiisq thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is a/ npd:h-g:.l7n k(mxgd ith (rdded to it. This process isdg/pid-:( h 7nxt: .(grmhnkl

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gasc,cdlctd .90 )3txm3(qzgjs q -: oqlf at constant pressure. As a result, the internal ec(j.o,dx :l q )tcd0q zl m33q-t9sfcgnergy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagra, mq,x 1xtbdi1m is

  In an isochoric process, there eiy/4r.0vsi7.8l/c kywqisjt83w;t0 ji act is no change in

  When the first law of i ;b,4grx2 amsthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand aspi/ xh;dit8x/oe-w6l heat energy is added to it. This processi/pext;h6/dw o8-lxi is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transfs26zbfa8 b1 hjerred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the i6b8s1fh 2jza bnternal energy of the gas

State the first law of thev chpp: y7t2d2rmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot resedenn;.(rch*j3 wp g0brvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfe e18ug4 yr:jzt tqt3y/r heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.ejb1xvv j4*c+ ix ui/0

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durin h/(cvsr og j:140oyep76eo qig one cycle, how much work is done by an engig4s h 0poqov:1r6ceio(ye/7jne operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine ismleab0-ry,:ga*4 + t8bnszeb defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink ;d)kv:/ d:bx jhu8jv w*f1rtj mu)jh8*v/krt1 b::xjddujf v w;st be

  A Carnot cycle consis h7fke:fm 6sn99xv rz/ts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement0uj7t-3cewjz p4h 98kjt;tn g of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performancep j*egr99:qs ;4jjrqq (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio op9rj q94qejj ;gqs r*:f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is dek nhyzi6a1v4 3fined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the5mc0 xk+xctq5 water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that maa16al0jv p/mzy occur within an isolated sy/0j1az6pvl ma stem, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the seconde vp45wkm+-kkf4j3r f law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of ther- /ai9syqie9cmodynamics leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hea iki ei- 4cjw0y+i;v xu1fnd97t is removed from an ideal gas. What is+v9iu jf k c1iy0ewdn47x-i i; the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from a eugqe:rdj- 1vns+k 9+n ideal gas. What is the work g-1q:seure d++n jv k9done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal g obhwqd +3mg36z; 4apras system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the chang b;3wr6 +m 4odpzg3haqe in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the cha.u4 qp0m byxfc(ih6x,e4 3y( oh tc)fvnge in internal energy of the gfyx4fti q 0 ,c(hu.c)pe (b4oyv3m6xhas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J)vh0f2fe 1vi g,:bzgaj1zi/b of work. What is the change in internal vga:z /e 21hzbb0iffj1v,g i)energy?

  In an isochoric process, the r/ye,a uzs)p;hds() pw1cby2 6vizm /internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work d) us (wearpz/my icb,1hv;)/dzsp2y 6one?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system .ztvz2pyrws f3+(nip+ z/bu, decreases by 50 J. What is the hevz b2t.,z y+rzip+f s /(n3wpuat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained ez6a)wnf;di4k sj0 9 zat constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How ;s we z0)fdi6 4ka9njzmuch work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled bylyge7af9dd8k/ /tf9 q0ujw o- 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample- y7ok qued9w jtf//l9 80dafg?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of w a9oulpwfcs*- .cq2 0tater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3-1 *; i:2oiajtzyj+gi5phf w m x,i9sv000 J in each cycle. What is the e;gwi* jmvftzhi oijxp+s:2i519y- ,a fficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and r(jq7fiaxh6 oz/ eq3: heceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cyci qh6zq3h x7/fa(oj e:le?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 kmu jg/f e:b*+ss6+f rJ of heat per cycle. How much h+ :gmk* 6usf+ bjf/esreat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cal f)oa(jn/)vlv culate the efficiencyv f))ovan l(/j of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. o 1 h:yctvxzbj,e o5;6Calculate the work d16hx:e5;b c oyv otzj,one each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has s. :(blll+mtsq; 8c oik fie3/3p re-ft1yzy- the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperao8-yplbs eisly+rf fi3q-z/cl .:e;m3(k tt1ture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far vf2hff klco,p )h6 /y2has the following characteristics: combustion chambe2hp o6fh, 2lcvffky )/r temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built g-- ofjb2 z1jyso far has the following characteristics: combustion ch2fzjob 1 y-g-jamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electricvgof b-+9x(gcz. 1ck5 h* apzf power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electricy p)(9j n6kofuw2ar b* power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric ,2iiu0 n0 jjeepower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of afo*p-4nb; wg crvfq6uft pj pb3( ;0w(n engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency p0;-c qs/nj3 wf :q/ r t5ee.oj,lhybphossible for an engine operating between he,qnb-3w rljhof/yc .5:;q p/set 0j$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tb6r ac- n wvw-ms*r*:lemperature of the cold reservoim*r*brc6- l sw:wa v-nr if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatingdp0bu.;vyr z5ux n 9o; between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at (hw/ke6 b6aik-8lz e athe rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per/ 6e z6 wkka8ae-lhbi( cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat fkobjn5os ,d5v;)+ emer h,2 wkrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejecbsr5oo,vn;e) w h, d2m5+jkke ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J g(i/ 2x*lx wcrof heat from the freezer and expels 356 Jw rg 2xixc/*l( of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of lt cj-g f qb*pq;mt9+w*5 s(c yy-fz;mice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the t;j/0 -u)7a 0i+/qvrny8rt/h tp nxkvbael c;change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entk6pt vv*akocw5 y j1g18-h0 7szqskp*ropy c1 tv 51 -a8kpkysgk swq *7hj*6vczp0ohanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at zof z5 c)yz,5:pntut8$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.