The process shown on the T-V graph is anvzl ubiosm,))568irx ky,ja2

  In an isothermal process, there is no chan .a5z3 4a2td.so tlekxge in

  When the first law of thermodynamicske3 mww+3g.a g5(xhst, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original vol lor iwqv-)5ds-xgm)-ume with no change in its temperature. mx-ol gi-v5sr-)q) d wThis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Duringgtjhbo+9bl6uw 9e*3 g this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism t36b gwugboj +99el*t hhat compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compress)7:xjsd7z 5+wn )wg pthj1akz ed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. +g ak7p)xw7z) d5shj1znjtw:The final pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expandeob+/s(hcf)o3v3/pgbuqo n 5qd isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. +o u bb3c)/pvgq(qoos5nh /3fWhich of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compres5w 6iwp szgtlcy/;0y, sed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with itspig05,y zwwct ;6ys/l surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics, wcz) c.p 25)t pumeb68s/ lj nwtj99ju$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is z:3/ jkxvsy v;compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. /:y jvs;3zkvx The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical iz,2f05ecs zu9:*wn r3bw0 gre i3r zbhn all respects except that one contains5uz0 z*sb, hiee3 r:wn9wfr gb2 03crz $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas id);t.m9hqeu6zz2) jmz e8bfv qentical in all respects except that one contains2q .zu eze6)m)hm 9vzf8 jt;bq $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is antsy );1e t6rvc

  In an isobaric process, there pwx+qt-6e tc *n-uc/x is no change in

  When the first law of ther 6 ib+n(8 d5/ta4b( v8mpejkoe/zqomqmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure 6px* sbgzdr 0/q) jv(jas heat is added to it. This pror) z 0vjj(bs6 *pxdg/qcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constame: c71x1 lftunt pressurelc m17uxft1e:. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagracr,/b3r z3 m xao5v(fam is

  In an isochoric process, there is no cha.aw12 pcjxn x6g97tgh*xeem9nge in

  When the first law o5-qkcu iyl gg6*c(cp6o1w1wp3gupy (6m+zut f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contaibh +2p5 pcb;asgnz)n ok4/7hfner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This procesh4h;c2z7a)pg+bf/ps k5 bno ns is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant9zrs 718mmb i:hknh.y volume. zk8nyhs71i: .mmb9hrAs a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of there( 4 -onb9bv -6et ig.he wl*rq kaxcr+wb;,+umodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold fp x4ym.0fi9d3jwzamj/q0k ( reservoir?

  Is it possible to trans 8/0ql8wk z gvdee 0cae;cu4a)fer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Canj: dqx p(65dif m:g,lausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated he z7g ir7u+-iqfre. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thigu7+f7z q i-ris cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is deaj3p 25 1crlw,un. ppffined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical effzx;9je b*dj1,chzj6ad (rwx :aee;v: iciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bevd,j(a:x6* j hjbe :z9dcw1e;xae zr;

  A Carnot cycle consists oqgwo,+v**o qmu:be2 ocn 3 h*df

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secom/0yxf m59r ysto8 sd2/ ndk fx8q( wf5h;dcs:nd law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as t- aasiwgh hr:faq5j y4t, dx5(- )gqf,he ratio off i:fyt-4gaxgh,5r(awa ), - j5hqsq d

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a7g/wt theaz ;4 heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the waternxif 56c3yz:b; s,sqp

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a.rqig4s u(-a9dd p3wany process that may occur within an isolated system, which one ofrd 39wisdq p-agu.(4a the choices applies?

Give a general statement of thell*x 6c ao0kk98ub o;d second law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclul.twty:gtru9 ni i w95q*2gv) de that

  During an isothermal process, 5 6(vwdc.e+owo (vpm ,ig:dkr2 .0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is (g,wdi p(oov. mcv:e +drkw 26the change in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an e *up;nh)w u2 2z)oy2wc(ae myideal gas. What is theez2(2 a*cmue yyn ) )upoww2h; work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system i)yc9x6r)ppfu olv1 7t n an isothermal process is -400 J. What i7619o cv)lputypf xr)s the change in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compresssy8d + qzj.kf,i.;u hming a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of hz q f.dky,mu.s;8ij+ the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whil8yrv(v4.ac9x uehq m6e doing 25 J of work. What is the change in interax. q46vhu ey(8 rvm9cnal energy?

  In an isochoric process, th 9ux*f;hhxk+i e internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What kih9+uxh* f;x is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasesddebo1.cp+ ges 1pr4 f-y2n9e by 50 J. What brf 112 - ng+o.ed9pdeycsep 4is the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as 3h9 fqy rs)apx)om,qw. ,(dqsit is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. Homf,. 3dapyq )r,o hws)9qx(qsw much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K a : gseu :rl2p;h1s d/v80fhuuqt constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How h0:g l8ueus r/2p:qhs d;v1uf many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wlw pg, p5g *dwhnbvu:9ok5pq yz: j188ater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat eh9 b 23sk*x): spwvrnand loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is ts rxhn2 bs93:pv*w)ekhe efficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% xu :5 -,5ph hbatxv5yzand receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work doax,vh -5bh5 z:tupxy5es it perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efb c-f+f)o8wleficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much he+-) 8lfcfeowbat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cakob3;d2 g56-u z gvhkp)h v xa+wn7we,lculate the effic- abwoez5v,h)gw3u pgx;d7 n2h k6k+viency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbsx ui3t ,2e5vuk 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work 5 23uk ,xuvetidone each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the ft/i2 6 xv+hdj-s kx763tqiahlollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperatusv/a7xkl-i txjh6+t h 32id6qre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effix6dir1;rrq,r o3 jvd1cient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambxdr 11,jo;r6rdri3v q er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinx5lk v8rrb, uwro9:l4/gvcm +g characteristics: co ,l85xrw bg: m ck+4vrluv9ro/mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elegni/)9 1-10qxo xj aozi nvs1nctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thss xf702zj8e5x ror kf:cjp4)e plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mv zci9ht oza9*3vx6f .W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of ak-f;2h t-;ia d)kyajfn engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engi;x p- sa-x6eeiojt1hwnsz g*kj6 2c,0ne operating betw xzakn-* 0 1 2wj6ecs,tp- sih;xj6eogeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the c5ip b1t7y0s0j- elcz mold reservoir if the teitb 1zyjpl ec07s0m5-mperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betwel m; aaaf5+rwk50 g,z;3cbo seen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the 2p hsa2* wc+/9nkbh-9b iarjgfreezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How munbi 9 2w/rpjaakhgh 2s9+ c*b-ch work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmentpx0 ua3*at +uz at the rate of 20 kJ and ejec0uzax* at p+u3ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J c+x-pe*wwu4ui5s/ iv of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How mww54v*-i/ u sxipeu+cuch work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entr3 :nmofw qbtqkc*se)7o9;)f qopy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changnl/aqw 8 p(.dze in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion 33n+mk nr7f unand its entropy changennm n7u f33rk+s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at b)j6f7 phy-sccp-um/8 qq u;k$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.