The process shown on the T-V grhks 2(niazmha/, pz7osg -+ k4iv8f*vaph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is no change;my5wtb bj:t: in

  When the first law o; e.5lkzu6cy02ng x kff thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chkgo:ty zo6 inzx2z- ,r8:nxf8ange in its temperature. Tyg:rn,f :zozox t -i8n8kz26xhis process is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30z234vwr,f2 rpzv0q u d L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended4vfvdu ,p2rrwz3 z2q 0 by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origi*l k1 wf5bomt,6p hl/snal volume during an isothermal process. The final pre b1 sfwp 6ot5,/hlm*lkssure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 Ls+8h gki8 6 fv*yi8 .u6w)jfx umquq.l. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statementqusfi i l ).8f8vku6quh wyxg+ .*6j8ms is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated envw epk,(oxpf* 8l)ge 2iironment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with itsfx(2 )e*eo,piwp8k l g surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermod1pzq fcm),- o6; v1)adktvr tcynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gasne ,l) -yiq1ptcrpk ,3 is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final -rl q,,) p3yipc1ektnpressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders ofu( 7fj9 yt3ebizn7pqg6 9a :zd gas identical in all respects except that one contains9a:y (6g9j i37buzed znfqtp7 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all r0)e jo ,qhpcj)espects except that one containsp)j ,q0)j coeh $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram is r.ma :(zqljoog2i: * gan

  In an isobaric process, there is no chan , 9xjd.hyky /1srlv77bc s7tkge in

  When the first law of thermodynamicdkl( gpt)y .2lmmz5yzik/w2-s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constas. s, usev,sp fccb(*w);bt2e nt pressure as heat is added to it. This process iss(se,t*u 2bw; es, c.cpbfsv)

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of 6*m8i,y dks/f4tx l b 6b.xlq3w6jqmu ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resubm6 y mb*6q,83ixjk4lqslt .d /fw 6xult, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diag2f 9(:pabdbpcppp:, 5kg;(fe qlw4zfram is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change icmr ap1qr 3s27* nf1ukn

  When the first law of thergwlot8*/ty 8a modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contaci1fbrrx 1a )vs dg3:.iner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. v1.)rg acb :x fs13ridThis process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idean+. q)y;4 lc4g s;faldpt b3lwl gas at constant volume. As alq ;spn;tcbl wlg4y4+3f. a)d result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of ther93c hv 66*xcc25mp w 1penb4*dhcg hzrmodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?7r /nn( of2irpv5 :ask

  Is it possible to tranzdp+vb.7 ty pfp.(r. lsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics ac/-gqx)*sdh1 wbi hbb - +9(wk gmlw:cncording to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle,fc. 5)p/uxfaq9ln pbxort, f;d0qf*8 how much work is done by an engifq5a8x; ff/.rpqf pou*xbnd0 ,9tlc) ne operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat enginex .0)0;mamp *3ev3fm wav7ic ynil98nzq k2gq is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is-ibfw*n c r2l/ to be 100%, the heat sink must b2/l rnf*cb -wie

  A Carnot cycle consistss2t yd (n7mfq8 of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the gx9ab ,.qxq8hi2/q hbx) a7c tsecond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a re mno7vtb8y :; 4ujy1- *icofiefrigerator is defined as the ratio oyouebvcj:m- i ;8t4oniy7f1 *f

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as th g2xx).qb 6pww zl;fh2e ratio of

  When water freezes, the enmd3z 5f/r) 0/ .8 rlnu.d;wch1phwng8efp ocqtropy of the water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pn* ckvo+fio t.7vz92 arocess that may occur within an isolatedtzfan 2vcv+ o 7*9.oik system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the se0 m z,evzjn+m((,m blccond law of thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics v jix4s5u1aq+leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of he7 xcalv xsxk5bui 90q/6o(9onv:x vx*at is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal eni ukx5/(vlxo*sxxvx 0q 9o7bvn9a6:cergy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of headl0 jr:8ac k2 thl9j56/ gwlgpt is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wo/jtp8h59k602 :carwdglg ll jrk done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal 6f g3cjs)j933m l p,zhzx adt9gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal en 3 9at33z mcj,hlpsf96jg) zdxergy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is poo a.,zx+ibnj79p s (the change in internal energy9(n,osi ap +zj opx7.b of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an ag *.iv +;hqmc v+ ;v)jlj1pincdiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal enerig ivcmv.)*;+jv1 ;j +cpl hnqgy?

  In an isochoric process, th h;vxzaz1. .0e-gyh cze internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?zhac-v1g.x. z0 h;yze

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy ofzoa:2 ya v8( +0g+fi7yba gpvh a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchang+:a8v+f ha z2pbyg y7g0oavi (e?

  A certain amount of a mon4ium:j o,c9r:rhd /rsatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work isr:9mrh/dso: ij4 c,ru done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is relfswig 2;;h/p moved from it. How many moles of gas are in ts phgf w/i;2l;he sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wo* rgnzj i /,ns0jb4l1p rj8po(l*3heater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. ic*cb )ux /foww x-p/8What is the efficieni/x)wpc8-o cuf* /wx bcy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 4rvm d-jd:f5v150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eachf- rv v:jd4md5 cycle?

  A heat engine has an ef ou()nim*0. kv1jqosw ficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyc(u.s* wio jn ovm01)kqle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacuit7(3 6 z/z *ocgzehoh cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each coh/z 76* oztugei3 c(zycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcul r4raddsge+*n(7k8 cc ategrdcrknsd4 *(+c ae78 the work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built s2s hsod(jz4*6 ilb2 a5u )kmwj/i3pgv o far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempuigdazb4hi w s6 5pl2)2sjk /3m(* jvoerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficie*g 7 kqtohe.0cnt engines built so far has the following characteristics: kgh qe*o t7c.0combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the a ybdg6b5n* 8 2c3t y,rdaat3jg z*u;zfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperat6u r b8,2nd*z *yj ybaagt;c53z3agtdure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powepiu dd 4hm2u-4r. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mf2/uggc6z7z ;be qlnbgwl,7+ W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generacpgn,t w (*gip(j)v/y tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engiyeonf /v xzba d;89 6ivchj.-* mb1s6fne which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possiblef64pr1gz j r1 1 gt2ejarbr,jl4c** rz for an engine operating betwearr p,*l12rb*jetrf 1gcr4j 46 gzzj1en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnotqkaun4i- x*9 e engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatue9x-n i4ukaq* re of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operat wf2/yybwn9hp; pm*9uing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of mz9x2v85igqe/krh-* z,mxfj20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle, /zr8g*ijeqx5hmvkfx m9 z-2 ?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of bg e 4a(do:0svllodol 9 j+-;s20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What ij: e9ad0-(ds oloo4lv; lsg b+s the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a ret q3;d et;pd0dwhc0h-frigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the -eh0;tc pddqtwh0 d;3room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entr x2+iulac+s7-ml ixi :;ms j1jopy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change/ 1 ejdbx1v c(-ov5nem in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its ent aw;cmz:c c93gropy c c3 wa:;gmcz9changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at bi-+i-5hsup b5:b 1 1x4ddetkmw fh0m$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.