The process shown on thm3uifp-8y0 znw 1lv,ow-,eh je T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is nob8ej zt:2d35qx 5ia no change in

  When the first law of thermodyn h0qs bye45g qsy+u.j-amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice i +uile8z6vrj786gd uvts original volume with no change in its temperature. This projzd 8ev66rlg uv+7 ui8cess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During t4.2sszv cg c pk:iu7qlfv(z3)q.e 0rpr5ly c *his process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mecrz*ls.y.02vz4 qfgpc5(q eprclscki v7 :3 u)hanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume dur62pi7t,w m k oq ,a3a5osa;kyqing an isothermal process. The final pressure of 6ym5t wkaakq73,,poa s;i2oqthe gas

  An ideal gas is expandedc5: ;)c ua;ly hh il),r)qnxjn isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following sh )h q; l5j:)a;cn iycnxrul),tatements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isola5zb qkzwvwz *51;;rzuted environment. During the event, the gas exchanged 5z vq;b z* u;ww1zkzr5no heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics,bmd/rbfw* )a,. ldl 0t $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tobvp7z lkk ein**4*zb 48i6beiy18fn g one-half its original volume during an adiabaticn8bbze8zl*i4 n*ig 6 bpkf e14*v7k iy process. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai)dgs; nela- *yns -a;*gd)eysl n$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identicaz-:g(htjg t2m zqw:o/ q,zg8 hl in all respects except that one contains wt/z 2:( ggzqj-m o ,zhgq:h8t$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram isd6+2 sb fq.2 tmqxje+t an

  In an isobaric process, thergy u/1x-q u+yle is no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamicsa n*l x2n j4pi0 b;l0qthjae(i+gg 72o, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addedw8th njzk .*p: b7ebw/ to it. This proces8hpk b7w/*t e z:njwb.s is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ide(s*ngxd zu4;0al- eumal gas at constant pressure4;(g adusme- nlz* 0ux. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram ii;yucr+:xm: e wbf km6o6ezj )7 qr4l-s

  In an isochoric process, there is no change i,hj13aza;o 8fpfk.qjqpl v80 r0 b q+wn

  When the first law oul)*eimp 1m50k q3jfwf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid contain .b7xr fm/dg*mk* ot d;l6psthi*u d88er that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Tstm *pl dx8uk7dbg/*6m8. th ;firod*his process is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl 13woh64nb sd(c 2nqdogeg:/ ee of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gaq3go/n1hsg b:4 6enc2o( ddwe s

State the first law of vdx)z 4bg7gyi * 7mz:qthermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat ,irgglrdjou:8u5k4 k-)2o alfrom a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a 1h 2pnor8c( rehot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamp*x-tbs*w:xjfuol 5 3ics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. D67 opvqg 0.comgfr*x 62)znsl rfz 52xuring one cycle, how much work is do lcfr5ozn0) 2zprf .26sqom g g*x7v6xne by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the dzvo0e7wsf. 52tkfk(tv8 kf1 ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is z:gjg0rsb a e:/-s-wito be 100%, the heat sink mustb g/zr -gssj -w:i:0ae be

  A Carnot cycle consists)ksxu6t)3ki t7s 1mj r of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of ther6.c we ixza 5h6m2.rc mv83jaamodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) ofdggq9y db8zt1l* f2)q a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of)f 1dg lt2d*g9qz8yb q

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defie 8blxd,gbsg 6pu 4t55zub4q6 ned as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of tr;2be8iu k:i): 8hed ibny -vez2nrw:he water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur wi,m / 6r .xncglm1zy/ckthin an /y .clmzr 6 k1nx,gcm/isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of t2h v:7e r9pxzkjljdkrmqa,;u 4 m5 .py,c +x*zhermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude thihb rfy4 ,.fda(2 kg,aat

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. ae8pxho nb;2 2r )sg*qWhat is the chang8*o2e b a2ng;)hprxsqe in internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from ii b47)l pdiga8pv3f: an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proci4d83 l:ba ifvpgi)p7 ess?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothe wl *1font v.4,0h6ie(lmnhttrmal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal enerht, 6.nlmo4(l*ift t1hwevn0gy?

  200 J of work is done in compressine+,ie.5 (zoab m*ejp xg a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy e5o+e.ja(,pbi mx *ezof the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process 4yg)f.2of g2st7q vv e42diqswhile doing 25 J of work. What is the change7s.gd4yv2 )g4stv f 2qqoi2fe in internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the 3s:d 6i 8) dpg*v tknw5ev6kininternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whad8wis5 6ivkv6):*np k3de n gtt is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. 3x uw2zj s5s8 +t,orkvez,b ;m What ,;tu2zrkx8m zew,o3+v5s sj bis the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant kl*w-mzf *xx7 volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gasxx7zkl*wm- * f?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is -xom h8t,k8sk;pw ly3is :h45uw0r shremovers ikk ;pomy5ls:hu38sx-hthw 4 0w,8d from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water y,140q ygvhznat $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receivxpo j0pg6 h3syfx1,*4j4go gges 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effyfgh g4 ,1jo6x 04 sgpgpj*o3xiciency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35 8xzm)c2i vavx. dc/:q.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform indqaxi2z/m v8vcx).: c each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ande tq( 3ul)llfcb756hep-0xwn 3i e 5sv receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaus3p ultibl xv 5hecn65)w 3-0s( q7eflet in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of nm 35iwotx. ns h0o2,sheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiiwntsx3.02,noos hm5ency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyj8yfbdyx c0.0i:asd 6cle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate th0f0db8ayc6yx.sij: de work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the phe;u0qiv65:k l0 hnbfollowing characteristics: combustioqhl5 0un;eb:pkivh6 0n chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most effi e,3vffm8;a 0qhs:riccient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature;scqr8i03 :fh, me avf = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built czxmnx-oc w1oefy5ygh 8;3( 0ww3je;so far has the following characteristics: co0j o3zhw(fxe mwwy35 gey1o;c x8cn;-mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW ofp2r,s+ -d)xfvgho sc 9 electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesl9na yffcab.m/ 6 lp)2 $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Tur5qepg(d7 qp(c g4y0he plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between u// f8kf aty7v6d que1$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an en iv8n;f:rue5 vnmolyi le94 l 7665syygine operating betw96 ynf6y4lyireo :m7l5v;8u i5levnseen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What ua wtc9oy43;yt ht/i:.l6dp dis the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatu;3dd 49: 6a.hy/t yt puiowtclre of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operatr0m*mcjdz i 86yt:ij5ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heamquj;p:- 1s0db72mq u.s kr gpv5:k rgt from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room pe:s;bs-kpru:jkqm rvp2um q5g1d 0. 7 gr cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heo:dbb dceyqlj0k+. x02 x(*tkat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performanbq* y2 l0.x:x+cjd (obtdkk e0ce?

  During each cycle of operation, a refriger,u9j qp9t iu0eator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer andeu, uiq9tp9 j0 expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g xk 77w6rj63cpops(q j of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy e, jep,it- g6i.axja1is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermalqzy qx 1,3sh4k um m30ir u,ty6b3:hxh expansion and its entrop,q ur xi03y,46qzmstuh 33:khyb x 1hmy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 6(,yftx0 x2btdec nr($80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.