The process shown on the T-V gg/kuj szf5 cm;li4d-2raph is an

  In an isothermal process, tp6 dns5h2zivcenfs4+a gt.g/hr* k.2 here is no change in

  When the first law ohrz5 7 4: d9hfnpjfs2 i+/divgf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its ori; 7kp j7h7-c4d /k) fcvu wqle a96)eoecf-xohginal volume with no change in its temperature. This pr4 vc7aeecocu pd7e-o 7fh9- l6 ;/kjhwkf))qxocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Duringrtj4 p.xfw8qmh 7 /i5u this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanis7xm uhtirq5 8/j wfp.4m that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is comprec 6uxq m9r+jahmspy+c5q331q ssed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The fic q336umy5 x9mcq+h 1rp aj+sqnal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 9ojd8;uip4rfua.f f;, ;yyg f 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements;9 fof ,iu agfd.8f;;y4yjpur is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in k/-x ,sf xme4 tlkum2jhqy65-an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This processe 62 m jxhl-y- k,xtqm4k5/sfu is

  When the first law of thermodynamigxl(l c wyf-9*)s)u ujcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-hal lw 02d.q a2escei2/njf its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final prs2eal0iq/njw d2 2. ceessure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excej* 2t -a1zhg r.xwjv(mpt that one contains 2z -xhwaj*jtmg1r v.( $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical v+i8zi h ga0c(in all respects except that one contains a(c+z0hivi g 8$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagr8+x d)u sti3maja8 x- hdhrnn fsdn7/hr.-:y) am is an

  In an isobaric process, t5x-;zk hfa/4wimp y0b here is no change in

  When the first law of bi 7f*5zb8ka othermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constgr:/m2tdp ;zu.,l6zihfc .qbant pressure as heat is added to it. This process 6i2lz:z,cdr /.pq;. bugthmf is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sa )cvv*f9-kv6cup b8 w4*. bywyb q:icemple of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the interna :-4 8b *ie)wb 9f.bvccykv*v yp6cqwul energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram sadl v/a(cpl - 1g3ih9is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change 8 ef4iba n5,htin

  When the first law of thermodynami n 3xgdvqq)e)h5.8 gn ls5+1yjn +xryecs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expandlo+ -g(odl,t( pbh/dj as heat energy is added to it. This process d/l,tdghj+( - lpo(bois

  Ten joules of heat energy ar1 tmr rki15-k+y t2f1mz)qnf2i wd*ope transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energp)mz* r 2nodt-m1 +1k2tiriy 5wf1 kfqy of the gas

State the first law of thcqf z9c2u64rc(y mkym;o 9l5uermodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservz5 c-wpinh7,vu +ga 0roir?

  Is it possible to transfer hea) x/ovxq )hnt-pw6s3j4yeg*m+va ynh 9k04 avt from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clg,3j sw ngv .5l.;cgorausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muzu0td)ggsgc l9 )r* r*ch work is done by an engine operating on this cycle? ggl *)d* rtcg) us0r9z

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratiod9jk801)9dnc u br kzx of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a 7 bb*-7cxmb e,arv xi68f s:ylCarnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must byxe ,7bac m7:*i6sx8blb frv-e

  A Carnot cycle consi o96--ns4idm p8eusansts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck 6dpgl-y,u al ;statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of perfzfe lljx um/0k4szx,zh.+ 70mormance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of+k z4xxl/z, .u7me h0jzm s0lf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a he: i,+ pmf+gdzpkbby3y0 5r c,tat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, tktx7xg,1x-p/j1iw*r c1: b+ha5nbg xn3xjn zhe entropy of the water

  According to the second law of 7wg: l 2ivmccswc4-9c thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which onewic:v l2mg- 4 7c9wccs of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodyna ann8d979tzgx v a ..9yd 7zd+bbe.rdnmics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude th 6:neiaill e 3;uw5bp(at

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whxp58xlcss8jv ,y) / p t* vl6w6o zes2xwaiw1/at is the change insxwlo 8/,pyw 6wvs 1c5etxl /pa 68)2i*zjvxs internal energy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J5th* g( 1xc gne6myv.v of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in ngv56xt eg m*y1(c.vhthe process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Wh+awdyznxh x ah/7 s-93at is the change in internh/ahn-7 ya+z3xxw d s9al energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticall zs9z,pf pyh6l.c cjx d4/;laj9 +yn7hy. What is the change in internal energy of thxlhj c.a 9d+ 9 sypfz,y7c4zhn;l 6/pje gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wor-, /msg95yc*udw t t b 2by;zone7oc/ik. What is the change in internni 75zwbg*ce -y s/t9,to /boy;cu2mdal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the in3 l/pftale5iwt u3(9yternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wowy tlu5(ielta393p /f rk done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a r1yr.j7daj 3w system decreases by 50 J. What is the heatjj 7dyr.w1a 3r exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maink/ze/eg .m9 tbtained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feekmbz /eg9 /t.at is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant v7xm217 3bur;cuvuf zptf.cx-olume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are c;u3 -rmz 7fctup .fx1bxv27uin the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 g,osiyc bv9yd-j4e+6a r m* 3kue)ke; kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycly lz-j 7j3xhx4 /s*gcoe. What is the e3chy *-sl/7xx j j4gozfficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and i7i34dy+l2sh+;v9ba /ymwx(xu jp h f receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform (4a9 w+ hd vmiju /sfyxi x2+;37hybplin each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat to/w 7k t0mfz(per cycle. How f k7w/zm(t0to much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each7r:l0pbis- k yrj9h 16ierou2 cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of e16rj-r iouprk ehib920ys:7l ach cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each r no +3ajymw,q x.,jdzcqj),8cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work djaqo q)3 n.z,8d ,,jwmc+rxy jone each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far -* rlj,k8lloohas the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatureo,8 jlrkll*o - = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following.j+ g*vm) a64z*eszjr)tw b yr characteristics: combustioj)4m+z g vrj bsae6 .y*wr)z*tn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo1)k5mzs1 (nit5 s rp m5bxu)ndllowing characteristics: combustion chamb ()ub51mmssi) rxtz1p5dn5 kner temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ebe: frm*q4 p8nlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele+0quh xm ,2fx yo.+ejf1+xkn bctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant rf ar*w.f,lzjv:pu74uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an e58*dpjsyt g9 ahl2. fjngine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine 78c3scc7m0qgyq(+ 3jrfkc bs;o ee5 ioperating betwecfsc7r3b+c;(k0egicyq3ose 8 5 qjm7 en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cq51 9 ki5fjr io07gnhfold reservoir if the temperkj5fi q7 5no9rg0f1 hiature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be.+2at ,sytocktween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat frocy:mk eo3o,xwn.+ x.lm the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each x:w,ce+.lmo knoy. x3cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartm,qu jb e9*.fbthlr)qq d)hv,4t6;tgc ent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perforh g,6f)er hcbl4utj )9,d qqbt*qt.v;mance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigeratorfg-i:uogodu(*gmt rmj5; -a* absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work in(m fui- d gug*:to;5ormgja-*put is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy whwny0wcf04 7o it.kuyuf7 a0-qen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice fre-z wrmtjv 6m*vq2 c24mezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entr6g+h)9n8wy1( acj s h aueqbl+opy cab8e)s lqc9jyu1(wh g n+6ah +hanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 6dt h2rbc97wprh7 wz(j c-l4cmh z1a-$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.