The process shown on thew-xlu:hupi47t. .vtxl u/ q3u T-V graph is an

  In an isothermal process, th w1zi w0evqq*4x,,hvd-3snwp ere is no change in

  When the first law ov14,6 ffci9 0xq fmbzqf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no changg d)/*c z+ga)zzk3dgy e in its temperature. This yz)cg3 dd +ag g/zz)*kprocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fi, f1atx- lz2wrom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What t ,-a 1xzil2fwis the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is comprvx g,/z;qjc9j7qe) aressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The fin;qv7zr 9 j axq,/cge)jal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30(ss mgali48w6a k,q 3lvymw ./ *k5uap L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded th3u qm *a5kaa/ w, (sks l84g.wmvpyl6ie gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Dfpw. 9ihblc *5uring the event, the gas exchanged no heat with i phwcb95fi. l*ts surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamics9 2ntul8iwjw 2, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volue:u *6jlf:wn/i8 w;zeqn2z xxme during an adiabatic pro;/z8 : ee6j:zqiwlfn2 x*wxnucess. The final pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identicao-q ek.g p-wf,l in all respects except that one containsfqo,egw- kp -. $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one c6i ui2q i6jwsmizy2cdk. 33r;ontains wmq22.;3uijz i 6d6 3icysrki$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diagram ih6iz;i1e* tud)uuh o3s an

  In an isobaric process, there is 81ec j)q00glgyb+jsbno change in

  When the first law of t4c njau)xpcg c7- yj7r 4(f:lyhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure ( 6x2zi9gl(czl3bm a kfk di.6as heat is added to it. This process ( k2(zalx3 i m6 9ifcgbzl.k6dis

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consti5t85ghzae3 b*:nt) i xhot /gant pressure. As a result, the i)i hghzba /5t8*5x3n oett:ginternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagram iv+nc+fd unavp(70 o)hs

  In an isochoric process, theroufo(lt+wrws 0c - 4ib6rzq) 9e is no change in

  When the first law of thw+hfk n:g+o3mps f 2jem;, pz0ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expanih 25t4h; sfltd as heat energy is addet;4ih5 flh2ts d to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat enldc0cp,( +- tkj 3p bprp(8zppergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, tc 3( 0pt cp p8pp(lbk-pdjr,+zhe internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermodynamiceac94dfy qh.+ui/ce0a b9w- bs.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reseri 0r77piql yds,b( j.gvoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfe v 8ifre h1,cg:w/b(dj4foej )r heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according t( u/qsf:nc 1e i/ibjik40dm9 no Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated her.wkk r ,ijl-x3krmw9o(8yv,te. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operlyw, 9v m(ir-kkwrt3,ox.k 8jating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is w */abhqgd ui68*qg:bdefined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat1c0agpl tye+3 sink must yag ep13tlc+0be

  A Carnot cycle consik)7c--eu n jyvsts of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the seconm dwq1)kd mzer.; (fb6d law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) (u3suwbo 1gi(qj n/,)ci:v q vof a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of3)n1ubu/:iqvv w j,s giq(o(c

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is definefo.h.ex 0n5 79xyrifx d as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the wat2y*r:, fujxober

  According to the second law 3c4nw d /nj3seof thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices app4 scwn/d3ejn3lies?

Give a general statement of the second law orkl pn3tl3-f) mtmshv:rm /,,f thermodynamics.

  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to d58 ecr 43dlisconclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is5om*)co w-cz v. m+ fb3ygja:x removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal e. vfmcm:aywz 5xg)b* -ojco3+nergy?

  During an isothermal process,4kuu13,lv;9yi pxh yk 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What i yv,p 1yhi u9uklkx;34s the work done in the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal processpl+k p6 rb3wdak6b28a is -400 J. What is the changa3w6p b 26+k8 alrpdkbe in internal energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is v2utx0i+p 03kn2f( ja8((vqiuz/fpiqlft v 3the change in in/v (t 3l0zuf pfia(23vf 2ikn0 qx+u q(jivp8tternal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doc:x +15zev:e (oqz*d.4 vuarr4mng szing 25 J of work. What is the change in internaz +1u(rs5 q:.4azvxcr4eenv *:odz mgl energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by;xqbt)qb *p sm5y0no+ 50 J. What )0b;botmq nqs5 x* yp+is the work done?

  In an isochoric process, the intern15ju+pz -kku97 3ckc1nr-bfgubz7 cual energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat r- u 3k9g 7u1fnu -u17bz5z+ccpcjkk bexchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomica;y ;xqh0s8qg gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much w8yqx0 q;a;g hsork is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is rwq2 5bz 7s.xdvemoved 57b. vs wd2qxzfrom it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wat:vdl.cc:+5pk v8laf5bge 1e fer at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycl 93 rk,xan*3ljd fq6) mfd*r2agbk;kazpz )f3e. What is the efficienp3q*z l 3),krbafxk* rjka)fd2z9gm6n;3 fadcy?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15p,f:fdez ri03aw 0u*qt3jy6jhp6 4gl0 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in eaz3f alu g ftyjdp66i w3e r0*,h04qpj:ch cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivba)c4wcb2 e/q es 150 J of heat per cycle. How much hecba/qb )2e4c wat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cal e)-isy g/k.5inworp +culate the efficiency -y o.+k)piwrng /e5is of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle d he3v./*ab7cpe,c (yvhh7ib kcqc 1/gno-3pand exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done ec/c713,pvdpib3 .hcgkq(h*o-bve 7/c y ahneach cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so 3g66l2+ bfcngrgzf 3 hfar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturelf2n+c3 ghz3 gr bg66f = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so cvqpseqfdxa tuo3 6xf,k;u6h5.) 5 q:far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tem x5c6ef afv5uq)dk3 ,qx:q;to.us6h pperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has theii 1ofj2rh72 ;aw a2ch following characteristics: combustion chamber teacofj 22 rii21h; haw7mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plan m60 ziw1x(nhxt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant useb(an/ g*9lo;p 2 gnioqs $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses naf lfq, v1i;j :t)vp+ 9datnkds1.+b$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whj6wfikdd6pw2g f 9d5;w -;nqte. rox ;ich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficivft d73szj*)xqg+(xrng:1g yency possible for an engine operating betwees*jzdx1ny( gr+xgq g)7 f t3v:n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Ckeyyaiz;1wt dn* q )4c:c ;/xueycc8.arnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature oyw1icy z e;yxn./kd8t4)e* cc:cqa ; uf the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating be4o3zt,m 4u z/1ln zuu;a5cs1a5r yplmtween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from :h+r enosu2pv1ul si1x5y 4 i-the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 :uy-+5nv11ixr4su ehpso2 likJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate v89v 30xvqqr1-r cnqx of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffvnqx c-qx1 vq039r 8vricient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a)mtp3 bb 5h/qjclx5c5 refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer bpl xb5cj3qt5)m5/ chand expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt ) ,z.bzkrnn0 -eigb:yf85y vq at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in pzugl g6v).hl ( g.ny,entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansike3)qr d;c1 ppi5i4 mpon and its entropy p)dqkp mii3; e5r 41cpchanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at .)/ zdk 8kptfm$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.