The process shown on the T-V s wgr7(8yfoixcrvg p .rj+5;:graph is an

  In an isothermal process, there is nj m)k/8t2+7 kblra x-a 65phhpskn ;sho change in

  When the first law of thermodynami)bsrs+lhh 3h7 (f6dzucs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twi he,kj;lq8v;h w4 yp:x3sl8l7f ow r)bce its original volume with no change in its temperature. This procesw y:4;);hf3bp88ko rjlw ,xe7q v shlls is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally froo(o rdyqpq,5- m 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the ex5qy(dro,q -poternal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to o7(j(ueg 2eg s8u zj-bcne-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final preebuus c82jg - 7z(gj(essure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isot/-wjatq/dj q5hermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correcqad jwt/j/q 5-t?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolax:2ff2 -cce,r jmnk +k g11g f;vql;qwted environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with ,cncfeqfgf;22mlx-j +1k:q1w gvr k; its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamie; ;j 34sp.dbfn 9viglkmix:u bg29 9wcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-(g()ro usr3d max f x3 ,/hr74naoi3bmhalf its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fir4d73xr,b amifgn (m/o r3ua oh 3s)(xnal pressure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excex9pttioo+ k) rx0u p63pt that one contains0+ox p39tpiru )xt o6k $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rel 2/. bh lu06tryh3ztuspects except that one contains /h26 3lr zu.0y ttbulh$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on the PV diag zo+u851oy p rpm7 p-eeohw1c)ram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is o-pcel21/uv, jq sn:j no change in

  When the first law of the*7ke me9wl m4lrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pr)p 4+tb,nzv0ys w d-gr 6qgyv0essure as heat is added to it. This proz04b)+v 6vy- gdgnysw , 0rqtpcess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at ;x3l. j6i*0pkr(:;p nkbn(j v hm rxpdconstant pressure. j( j6*n.(rl0xmk; dnx; b: 3vrpiphkpAs a result, the internal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the P .q0sxo1jfav p+l)( jpV diagram is

  In an isochoric process, there isn /0a1cp 8ckdz no change in

  When the first law of thermodynamio+5de, fznkm:5zsz5a6nx 4 c t) ppgukqz22p9cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is add( n 6f)co bjtluj7k2q9e2qklofuj(7)nj6 c t9 bd to it. This process is

  Ten joules of heat en- ba8cwn8b73 bxb,/w-gmn yj rergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume.c/b3b-w8xb b8ajgm yn7-wn,r As a result, the internal energy of the gas

State the first law of thermp *wnac ev :l+jl*(g md)1 /*cz/mahhoodynamics.

  Is it possible to trabc:pbb vce(mj ql7/v 4. smf.3nsfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservmuexywgkf.)w 2 4e) ((bvi3mqoir?

State the second law of thermodynamics according tjxit- yz:-wensr )x,tb u4 ;q.o Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muc y1n y7e(yio1rh w1ey 1rin7y(o york is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engipg w4 p.;gxralxgo 7fk r+6-7gne is defined as the ratio of

  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot4 z/4nrnf/oib6ko6dq1 x 4pv e engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must i4/bn1ef nz v4p46okxro6d/qbe

  A Carnot cycle consist9fox ;.ef0b:r2ntp5syyen +ps of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermoa53vaf 7 2a 9ijsq6qgxdynamics.

  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as )ftb kl9r,q1l the ratio o)r 9l,qb fl1tkf

  The coefficient of performance (COP) alpi ;*:p-fix of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of tac /ymgnf(( )yhe water

  According to the secoy:v+yu*hnd4 igu64-jzp( kx a0de q4end law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of theh z x:4 4pke+-yui0*vg6j ndqyuae4(d choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics.i6v,,az 1 ggfg

  The second law of thermodynamics leads usb1d l.sc*v f41pi-v j6lhzii6 to conclude that

  During an isothermal pr9skda */ jou;(7beqvwqw+7 kvocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal ene awv77dk( juwq* /sbq9+keo;v rgy?

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wha;6a vn hk0* ua;gdrpf7t is the work done in *gfadn rpa;0 6uk;v h7the process?

  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. :v;y vc4ioh6 qWhat is the change in internal ener v6qi y;:vcoh4gy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a ga88zuu2os+gmz zt6 eb;s adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the t;mz882 6e+ uoszgzu bgas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabaticx0n6 rg0 fwdw2 process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change iw6 rfdnw0 xg20n internal energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systec0 l5unjjsc j6c jr p/r(iy/*7m decreases by 50 J. What is tj6 ilcpnj/0rc*jc5 7 (syj/urhe work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases byrj07lrch43nd tvtb/l 3 (r06yce+qq s 50 J. What is the heat exchangevn3y tqcr(sq+ ecr4j067tr l0b/d h 3l?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is main12;upkti zrk)g(p-c wtained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 c2;()g-1tukrikpz wp K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is coo 0zd- yoyi:trcf1z.9s) t5 lpxouy1.nled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. syi 9zlyy):ut-orf.xn0o51tpc1d .zHow many moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3. ang.,6i1 v9axagnp(8b a)m0gj/vkiu0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J indcx7j )9 h3udx each cycle. What is the ef7xxc)d 93uj dhficiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rec 7l1y dek2k0rwtbnp+,eives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does ib+lk rd 02n7p1ke,wtyt perform in each cycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% yg 9jzn asz2igqc454; and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much ian5;44q zgsjyg92c zheat does it exhaust in each cycle?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaus;imy9+ceq fbd 7r+5 cbts 42 kcal. Calculate the e dr b7+eym+bfi 59qcc;fficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat dzx rx01a, 7my8 c ve-yfb27n 8mcf/aweach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t8f7 neda7m8vf2-xbm1 zwc r,y xca0/ yhe work done each cycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has bvtz:s1 :9zex0 b q,/bkygqw1 the following characteristics: combustion cha gzetk,s1x0b 9:bzv /y1bw q:qmber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built syscaz(w4r ;kp ,s q+2yo far has the following characteristics: combustionky s,ap2;c+rz (s4 wqy chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engiga p2-; vps3g7j (dng52 krh ybs4-kihnes built so far has the following characteristics: comb d-n7bgsa3iky-(;5h2rp j4pgkh2vg sustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powk h(.zt1 whwir7hxkx dw-f7;)er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generatekm v*fgx6 mic,-qh3ngy k6j:0 s 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power7dl6i5ko tyopxe; :q;6by. oo 06q fwr. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betweebo+,( oqsu6 t hke5+afn $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possiblex-n /iq8*,)ic(*3izwrj ag ec hqc h/e for an engine operating betweenc3, h qae i/w8-h*zciq*ejx i)(rgc/n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature ofjl a;d s5no5a. the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot resea.da5;lo nj 5srvoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating between o phur/p7;ezwld7(8 s$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartm29vvyc. z+xmb 3l6ps rent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJl c.ps xv9 m6zrb32+vy into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20i e)fmcs/ a*8+v4-9zsvuijlp kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perc*+a psuf/ l )mj9-vi8ezis4 vformance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigeratod.cb; seox. v4r absorbs 230 J of heat from the fre v4ox;sd.c.beezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy wheim *wri,de4uh++* chhn 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the 6w:,a jp t/6k lho7lhwchange in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at ST8 vca,2z0aep6 av5 eppdj-x (nP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy change6pdpe2 (0van, ceaz8xja-pv5 s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at nf/zy*lguj4( b z7s;b$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.