The process shown on the T-V grac+(r ) y)(kr6cwyqk oxnc)8jyc*vu 4iph is an

  In an isothermal prod3vj 0w e:v:jenayx . 9((hdpxcess, there is no change in

  When the first law of therl5 srf -;v;8erlny:pddn4wz)modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in ie1fvg-a kv)7 l7, ggywts temperature. This p7l w7g fg)vveyk,g -a1rocess is

  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this: sjkfl-6gef+ process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechgefl j-kfs :+6anism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an is:k .bcmyhj bxpq4 +ter2, 3-xyyu7a6tgvy0 x0othermal process. The finahemx72 + jqb-y0.6 u gpv04t,byc:xtx y k3ryal pressure of the gas

  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20-a0jhj9hpb3 ypk fx*; L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is cor 0 jh*-xp pyb3j9ha;fkrect?

  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the qm4vzslek 0)l; v2l5qevent, the gas exchanged noek)ml ll zv2q0s5;4 vq heat with its surroundings. This process is

  When the first law of thermodynamjlml6 m0,qdb+ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original fh1,/ medx+jo volume during an adiabatic process. The final prejd/ 1+ oxefhm,ssure of the gas

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in asc 86e,idcgeqjxj5 ( 7ll respects except that one containseq gec6j,d7js8x ( ic5 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

  Consider two cylinders of gas identical mxht,bj.8 nk (in all respects except that one contains.m( htjbkx8 ,n $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

  The process shown on thfjt/q 14t7i k y*gb3uje PV diagram is an

  In an isobaric process, there is no change id y1f3 ezm.io f6cr.k3d8kh.nn

  When the first law of thermodym 4 n6wo83bo.fr-m pgg x/yb4xnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat8n ud2oiom+ 9uoco,1 w ioy/) o))qnlv is added to it. This proceomu ) o+ow)2lciv qn8od on,i)/o 91yuss is

  Ten joules of heat energy are tvwdu-r f3kzxc):,4d * wse4p3yr 5sbnransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the inwzfx4k -d3) sdsr:uybe,3 nrpwv5 *c 4ternal energy of the gas

  The process shown on the PV diagrr)u)0vy6kp( *8xsd6hc* zb jl*mk pz iam is

  In an isochoric process, there is no change 3e3pchup u9b+vb5q+ k3rxw 6sin

  When the first law of thermodynamicasj(k y/v(lwhotm3 :/ s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

  A gas is confined to a rigid containerxqfud7 m11dy; that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This ;qum7d11yf x dprocess is

  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samhh mk c9d,vr:6ple of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the ivd6,h9c kh:rm nternal energy of the gas

State the first law of ther mh, inu3n):s8 u24cfy0 mvedomodynamics.

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold r6x, *q+mhlsu 1ids5sveservoir?

  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hon8957iut zbr ft reservoir?

State the second law of h0q)s ja6wn4dthermodynamics according to Clausius.

  A gas is taken through the cycle +uvpn +i 0ln4r.vgd0pbnh p4:illustrated here. During one cycle, how much woru4+n d4 il rv. p+0vh:0gppbnnk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?

  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio oqn8/um,l t4 h eqy7)p9 msrz04lc-riyf

  If the theoretical efficcx5cw6zv b: ;ejjq*at-fe;g ( iency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink muscee -qf*;j :6xj;b5avztg(wc t be

  A Carnot cycle consistsa87dmkpri 15g of

Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the sefcny spb 8kst6q *d) ;hkvm7bh1*m.1 w/yw.rrcond law of thermodynamics.

  The coefficient of p,o/ivn nq bn66erformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofn6binnvo,/6q

  The coefficient of performanw.a:k -fne(.p4sdvbh + (4szee sd6lxce (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

  When water freezes, the entropy of the qr)dy9.yaz. jw/v*usf0y u8k 8fuwt ( water

  According to the second law of thermodynamics, b/-d9j pd-yb .:mxhwpfor any process that may occur within an isp/m yd9 j:hdw -bxp.b-olated system, which one of the choices applies?

Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynam 1 xd2:vl ,hmsnw35 xnw61msfmics.

  The second law of thermodynami-omwmsm2 p p- zrz0u/qw21jf+cs leads us to conclude that

  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is r*: oca-u 8hcehemoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in internalc*ec u8ho-:ah energy?

  During an isothermal9i.(b xn ory+u process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the pronr. 9oi( bx+yucess?

  The work done on an ideal gas sysk,es6+8 e2pv ud war.r8pdh )atem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in intern8+r2wa ,e es86dvpdaph r. ku)al energy?

  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatica14ni v,jxrr 2ally. What is the change in intenir 4,avjxr12rnal energy of the gas?

  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while (sj+lb ) ;bd3wyrkd nw+vh3b4doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internydbl3b rj sk b)h;3(v+nd4+ww al energy?

  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. b+ j6;ivhqk bl:zdq-; What is td kvzljb+;-:qiq h 6b;he work done?

  In an isochoric process, the internal gws 56pv-xchp6 32kbo energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What iso5c3 g6 hp-s2wpx k6vb the heat exchange?

  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at cons )fpv;jc:xate46d h*oohe.6 ttant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from tth;j v6x ea:)f*6dch oo4pt.ehe gas. How much work is done by the gas?

  A monatomic gas is coolednxa9guk--i vcd ) h2ri/an-g; by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many -ivg -a-/ni;) 2d9akgh unxrc moles of gas are in the sample?

  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wate-i nu*cohy-+fzda u4/r at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is t a+r0f c2q+uac7 swub8he efficqr8+scauaf07u+c b 2 wiency?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% a 1 (n dt*w lr;; xkbckr3vt45g2kvkze9nd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each c3 25wg v(bkvxrtl 4*9k 1n;zcerkdt;kycle?

  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pervqf ky5y7l rtq-70i:r cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycr t0iq7rf5q-v7l ky y:le?

  303

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcxdqfuf/ 3w5h .8l4ommulat8x3wm o4dmf 5lqh .uf/e the efficiency of each cycle.

  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausx88rvg 7irguq ,d -ao)ts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cv g8uq irx)78o,-radgycle.

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has o29b:mrhhc3h;sv l mciiaq/8*9 whj* the following characteristics: combustion chamber : hicbj*sma hc9hhm8 3;vori2/w l*q9temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engine xg*62lun f6 nerb)u-ls built so far has the following characteristics: combustion c-l r6fnng 2eulbu)* 6xhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristihsj 1y/qad ,vi85b.gx cs: combustion chambeijgh q5dvax/y1. 8,bs r temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesr3yiejv7)p z 7smtv/ 6 $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usessm1 6pf nkrvjp- 1z6+p $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.tasy* aif 5sf4+n2u/j/ 8skis The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whic*8ujf sha4i3boiw8e/ 8( ee zfh operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bet8,e:fwazm8q3- oom lgweeoa:3w elm8q 8-om,fg zn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. tav 2f80v iashoqn3;1 What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is 2s nhi 8qft3ao0vv;a 1$500 ^{\circ}K$?

  A heat engine operating betweex phsms+9ajen )p09 ,xn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

  A refrigerator removes he/sm 5:qktc md+) dax5dat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a km:5dq) d acmxs5/+ tdroom per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comp,o)dopzfw( k,p0 k a6e;odi j,artment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room pkkpf,0,joo dw i e(z;p6) doa,er cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat(jm5yit2uspyma; . .i from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. u m;.5.t(ys2jpmiyai How much work input is required in each cycle?

  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of n9 ; ;b86l/nzxyh+e6 yjdhwwcice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

  When 0.50 kg of ice f mbzs qj(,d md9dov6w4( (8vupreezes, the change in entropy is

  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and i++sb0n6ite t neg9jpq6 0f*cqsnc 58vex98j wts entropy j96xn +0s0n8cneg +5tcqpjbee*s8 v6wtq9f ichanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

  A piece of metal at 8w5e57qhh* s uca g:si$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.